Freezing of Gait Questionnaire: validity and reliability of the Swedish version

Background – Patient‐reported assessments of freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson’s disease (PD), such as the FOG questionnaire (FOGQ), are needed because FOG is difficult to assess objectively. However, the measurement properties of the FOGQ have been sparsely assessed. Aim – To assess the measure...

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Published in	Acta neurologica Scandinavica Vol. 120; no. 5; pp. 331 - 334
Main Authors	Nilsson, M. H., Hagell, P.
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.11.2009 Blackwell
Subjects	Accidental Falls Aged assessment Biological and medical sciences Clinical Medicine Disability Evaluation Female freezing of gait Gait Disorders, Neurologic - physiopathology Health Sciences Humans Hypokinesia - physiopathology Hälsovetenskap Klinisk medicin Male Medical and Health Sciences Medical sciences Medicin och hälsovetenskap Neurologi Neurology Nursing Omvårdnad Parkinson Disease - physiopathology Parkinson's disease Postural Balance reliability Reproducibility of Results Severity of Illness Index Surveys and Questionnaires Sweden validity Sweden assessment Nervous system diseases Parkinson's disease Gait Central nervous system disease reliability Parkinson disease Degenerative disease validity freezing of gait Cerebral disorder Extrapyramidal syndrome
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Abstract	Background – Patient‐reported assessments of freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson’s disease (PD), such as the FOG questionnaire (FOGQ), are needed because FOG is difficult to assess objectively. However, the measurement properties of the FOGQ have been sparsely assessed. Aim – To assess the measurement properties of the Swedish FOGQ, and to explore relationships between FOGQ scores and other aspects of PD. Methods – Thirty‐seven people with PD were assessed with the FOGQ, Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr (HY), Falls‐Efficacy Scale [FES(S)], timed gait tests, and the SF‐36 physical functioning (PF) scale. Results – Mean (SD) FOGQ item scores ranged between 1.3 and 2.1 (1.2–1.5); corrected item–total correlations ranged between 0.80 and 0.94. Reliability was 0.95. Mean (SD) and median (q1–q3) FOGQ scores were 9.6 (7.4) and 10 (2–15). Floor and ceiling effects were ≤5.4%. FOGQ correlated strongest with UPDRS part II (ADL), UPDRS item 14 (freezing), and HY (rS 0.65–0.66). FOGQ scores correlated with PD duration, the Timed Up and Go test, dyskinesia, motor fluctuations, FES(S), and PF scores (rS 0.40–0.62). Fallers had higher FOGQ scores than non‐fallers (median 12.5 vs 5.0). Conclusion – Data support the measurement properties of the Swedish FOGQ by replicating and extending previous psychometric reports.
AbstractList	Background – Patient‐reported assessments of freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson’s disease (PD), such as the FOG questionnaire (FOGQ), are needed because FOG is difficult to assess objectively. However, the measurement properties of the FOGQ have been sparsely assessed. Aim – To assess the measurement properties of the Swedish FOGQ, and to explore relationships between FOGQ scores and other aspects of PD. Methods – Thirty‐seven people with PD were assessed with the FOGQ, Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr (HY), Falls‐Efficacy Scale [FES(S)], timed gait tests, and the SF‐36 physical functioning (PF) scale. Results – Mean (SD) FOGQ item scores ranged between 1.3 and 2.1 (1.2–1.5); corrected item–total correlations ranged between 0.80 and 0.94. Reliability was 0.95. Mean (SD) and median (q1–q3) FOGQ scores were 9.6 (7.4) and 10 (2–15). Floor and ceiling effects were ≤5.4%. FOGQ correlated strongest with UPDRS part II (ADL), UPDRS item 14 (freezing), and HY (rS 0.65–0.66). FOGQ scores correlated with PD duration, the Timed Up and Go test, dyskinesia, motor fluctuations, FES(S), and PF scores (rS 0.40–0.62). Fallers had higher FOGQ scores than non‐fallers (median 12.5 vs 5.0). Conclusion – Data support the measurement properties of the Swedish FOGQ by replicating and extending previous psychometric reports. Background - Patient-reported assessments of freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD), such as the FOG questionnaire (FOGQ), are needed because FOG is difficult to assess objectively. However, the measurement properties of the FOGQ have been sparsely assessed. Aim - To assess the measurement properties of the Swedish FOGQ, and to explore relationships between FOGQ scores and other aspects of PD. Methods - Thirty-seven people with PD were assessed with the FOGQ, Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr (HY), Falls-Efficacy Scale [FES(S)], timed gait tests, and the SF-36 physical functioning (PF) scale. Results - Mean (SD) FOGQ item scores ranged between 1.3 and 2.1 (1.2-1.5); corrected item-total correlations ranged between 0.80 and 0.94. Reliability was 0.95. Mean (SD) and median (q1-q3) FOGQ scores were 9.6 (7.4) and 10 (2-15). Floor and ceiling effects were </=5.4%. FOGQ correlated strongest with UPDRS part II (ADL), UPDRS item 14 (freezing), and HY (r(S) 0.65-0.66). FOGQ scores correlated with PD duration, the Timed Up and Go test, dyskinesia, motor fluctuations, FES(S), and PF scores (r(S) 0.40-0.62). Fallers had higher FOGQ scores than non-fallers (median 12.5 vs 5.0). Conclusion - Data support the measurement properties of the Swedish FOGQ by replicating and extending previous psychometric reports. Nilsson MH, Hagell P. Freezing of Gait Questionnaire: validity and reliability of the Swedish version. Acta Neurol Scand 2009: 120: 331-334. [copy ] 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Background - Patient-reported assessments of freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD), such as the FOG questionnaire (FOGQ), are needed because FOG is difficult to assess objectively. However, the measurement properties of the FOGQ have been sparsely assessed.Aim - To assess the measurement properties of the Swedish FOGQ, and to explore relationships between FOGQ scores and other aspects of PD.Methods - Thirty-seven people with PD were assessed with the FOGQ, Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr (HY), Falls-Efficacy Scale [FES(S)], timed gait tests, and the SF-36 physical functioning (PF) scale.Results - Mean (SD) FOGQ item scores ranged between 1.3 and 2.1 (1.2-1.5); corrected item-total correlations ranged between 0.80 and 0.94. Reliability was 0.95. Mean (SD) and median (q1-q3) FOGQ scores were 9.6 (7.4) and 10 (2-15). Floor and ceiling effects were less than or equal to 5.4%. FOGQ correlated strongest with UPDRS part II (ADL), UPDRS item 14 (freezing), and HY (rS 0.65-0.66). FOGQ scores correlated with PD duration, the Timed Up and Go test, dyskinesia, motor fluctuations, FES(S), and PF scores (rS 0.40-0.62). Fallers had higher FOGQ scores than non-fallers (median 12.5 vs 5.0).Conclusion - Data support the measurement properties of the Swedish FOGQ by replicating and extending previous psychometric reports. BACKGROUNDPatient-reported assessments of freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD), such as the FOG questionnaire (FOGQ), are needed because FOG is difficult to assess objectively. However, the measurement properties of the FOGQ have been sparsely assessed.AIMTo assess the measurement properties of the Swedish FOGQ, and to explore relationships between FOGQ scores and other aspects of PD. Methods - Thirty-seven people with PD were assessed with the FOGQ, Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr (HY), Falls-Efficacy Scale [FES(S)], timed gait tests, and the SF-36 physical functioning (PF) scale.RESULTSMean (SD) FOGQ item scores ranged between 1.3 and 2.1 (1.2-1.5); corrected item-total correlations ranged between 0.80 and 0.94. Reliability was 0.95. Mean (SD) and median (q1-q3) FOGQ scores were 9.6 (7.4) and 10 (2-15). Floor and ceiling effects were < or =5.4%. FOGQ correlated strongest with UPDRS part II (ADL), UPDRS item 14 (freezing), and HY (r(S) 0.65-0.66). FOGQ scores correlated with PD duration, the Timed Up and Go test, dyskinesia, motor fluctuations, FES(S), and PF scores (r(S) 0.40-0.62). Fallers had higher FOGQ scores than non-fallers (median 12.5 vs 5.0).CONCLUSIONData support the measurement properties of the Swedish FOGQ by replicating and extending previous psychometric reports. BACKGROUND: Patient-reported assessments of freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD), such as the FOG questionnaire (FOGQ), are needed because FOG is difficult to assess objectively. However, the measurement properties of the FOGQ have been sparsely assessed. AIM: To assess the measurement properties of the Swedish FOGQ, and to explore relationships between FOGQ scores and other aspects of PD. Methods - Thirty-seven people with PD were assessed with the FOGQ, Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr (HY), Falls-Efficacy Scale [FES(S)], timed gait tests, and the SF-36 physical functioning (PF) scale. RESULTS: Mean (SD) FOGQ item scores ranged between 1.3 and 2.1 (1.2-1.5); corrected item-total correlations ranged between 0.80 and 0.94. Reliability was 0.95. Mean (SD) and median (q1-q3) FOGQ scores were 9.6 (7.4) and 10 (2-15). Floor and ceiling effects were < or =5.4%. FOGQ correlated strongest with UPDRS part II (ADL), UPDRS item 14 (freezing), and HY (r(S) 0.65-0.66). FOGQ scores correlated with PD duration, the Timed Up and Go test, dyskinesia, motor fluctuations, FES(S), and PF scores (r(S) 0.40-0.62). Fallers had higher FOGQ scores than non-fallers (median 12.5 vs 5.0). CONCLUSION: Data support the measurement properties of the Swedish FOGQ by replicating and extending previous psychometric reports. Patient-reported assessments of freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD), such as the FOG questionnaire (FOGQ), are needed because FOG is difficult to assess objectively. However, the measurement properties of the FOGQ have been sparsely assessed. To assess the measurement properties of the Swedish FOGQ, and to explore relationships between FOGQ scores and other aspects of PD. Methods - Thirty-seven people with PD were assessed with the FOGQ, Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr (HY), Falls-Efficacy Scale [FES(S)], timed gait tests, and the SF-36 physical functioning (PF) scale. Mean (SD) FOGQ item scores ranged between 1.3 and 2.1 (1.2-1.5); corrected item-total correlations ranged between 0.80 and 0.94. Reliability was 0.95. Mean (SD) and median (q1-q3) FOGQ scores were 9.6 (7.4) and 10 (2-15). Floor and ceiling effects were < or =5.4%. FOGQ correlated strongest with UPDRS part II (ADL), UPDRS item 14 (freezing), and HY (r(S) 0.65-0.66). FOGQ scores correlated with PD duration, the Timed Up and Go test, dyskinesia, motor fluctuations, FES(S), and PF scores (r(S) 0.40-0.62). Fallers had higher FOGQ scores than non-fallers (median 12.5 vs 5.0). Data support the measurement properties of the Swedish FOGQ by replicating and extending previous psychometric reports.
Author	Nilsson, M. H. Hagell, P.
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Keywords	assessment Nervous system diseases Parkinson's disease Gait Central nervous system disease reliability Parkinson disease Degenerative disease validity freezing of gait Cerebral disorder Extrapyramidal syndrome
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References_xml	– volume: 30 start-page: 473 year: 1992 end-page: 83 article-title: The MOS 36‐item short‐form health survey (SF‐36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection publication-title: Med Care – start-page: 153 year: 1987 end-page: 63 – volume: 11 start-page: 636 year: 2002 article-title: What sample sizes for reliability and validity studies? publication-title: Qual Life Res – start-page: 3 year: 1997 end-page: 31 – volume: 13 start-page: 509 year: 1999 end-page: 17 article-title: Fear of falling in patients with stroke: a reliability study publication-title: Clin Rehabil – volume: 22 start-page: 2192 year: 2007 end-page: 5 article-title: Freezing of gait affects quality of life of peoples with Parkinson’s disease beyond its relationships with mobility and gait publication-title: Mov Disord – volume: 16 start-page: 1066 year: 2001 end-page: 75 article-title: Abnormalities of the spatiotemporal characteristics of gait at the onset of freezing in Parkinson’s disease publication-title: Mov Disord – volume: 67 start-page: 53 year: 1995 end-page: 63 article-title: The freezing phenomenon in Parkinsonism publication-title: Adv Neurol – volume: 81 start-page: 810 year: 2001 end-page: 8 article-title: Reliability of measurements obtained with the Timed ‘Up and Go’ test in people with Parkinson disease publication-title: Phys Ther – volume: 42 start-page: 333 year: 1992 end-page: 9 article-title: Motor blocks in Parkinson’s disease publication-title: Neurology – volume: 4 start-page: 293 year: 1995 end-page: 307 article-title: Individual‐patient monitoring in clinical practice: are available health status surveys adequate? publication-title: Qual Life Res – volume: 51 start-page: 745 year: 1988 end-page: 52 article-title: The relevance of the Lewy body to the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease publication-title: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr – volume: 38 start-page: 51 year: 2006 end-page: 7 article-title: The symptom experience of patients with Parkinson’s disease publication-title: J Neurosci Nurs – start-page: 264 year: 1994 end-page: 5 – volume: 20 start-page: 163 year: 2005 end-page: 8 article-title: Falls in Parkinson’s disease. Causes and impact on patients’ quality of life publication-title: Funct Neurol – volume: 22 start-page: 953 year: 2007 end-page: 6 article-title: Predictors of freezing in Parkinson’s disease: a survey of 6,620 patients publication-title: Mov Disord – volume: 6 start-page: 165 year: 2000 end-page: 70 article-title: Construction of freezing of gait questionnaire for patients with Parkinsonism publication-title: Parkinsonism Relat Disord – volume: 20 start-page: 142 year: 1998 end-page: 50 article-title: A frequency and correlation analysis of motor deficits in Parkinson patients publication-title: Disabil Rehabil – start-page: 153 volume-title: Recent developments in Parkinson’s disease year: 1987 ident: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01175.x-BIB14 contributor: fullname: Fahn – start-page: 3 volume-title: MAP-R for Windows: multitrait/multi-item analysis program-revised user’s guide year: 1997 ident: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01175.x-BIB15 contributor: fullname: Ware – volume: 20 start-page: 142 year: 1998 ident: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01175.x-BIB7 article-title: A frequency and correlation analysis of motor deficits in Parkinson patients publication-title: Disabil Rehabil doi: 10.3109/09638289809166074 contributor: fullname: Nieuwboer – volume: 22 start-page: 953 year: 2007 ident: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01175.x-BIB4 article-title: Predictors of freezing in Parkinson’s disease: a survey of 6,620 patients publication-title: Mov Disord doi: 10.1002/mds.21458 contributor: fullname: Macht – volume: 16 start-page: 1066 year: 2001 ident: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01175.x-BIB8 article-title: Abnormalities of the spatiotemporal characteristics of gait at the onset of freezing in Parkinson’s disease publication-title: Mov Disord doi: 10.1002/mds.1206 contributor: fullname: Nieuwboer – volume: 13 start-page: 509 year: 1999 ident: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01175.x-BIB11 article-title: Fear of falling in patients with stroke: a reliability study publication-title: Clin Rehabil doi: 10.1191/026921599677784567 contributor: fullname: Hellstrom – volume: 42 start-page: 333 year: 1992 ident: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01175.x-BIB1 article-title: Motor blocks in Parkinson’s disease publication-title: Neurology doi: 10.1212/WNL.42.2.333 contributor: fullname: Giladi – volume: 38 start-page: 51 year: 2006 ident: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01175.x-BIB3 article-title: The symptom experience of patients with Parkinson’s disease publication-title: J Neurosci Nurs doi: 10.1097/01376517-200602000-00010 contributor: fullname: Backer – volume: 6 start-page: 165 year: 2000 ident: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01175.x-BIB9 article-title: Construction of freezing of gait questionnaire for patients with Parkinsonism publication-title: Parkinsonism Relat Disord doi: 10.1016/S1353-8020(99)00062-0 contributor: fullname: Giladi – volume: 20 start-page: 163 year: 2005 ident: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01175.x-BIB5 article-title: Falls in Parkinson’s disease. Causes and impact on patients’ quality of life publication-title: Funct Neurol contributor: fullname: Michalowska – volume: 22 start-page: 2192 year: 2007 ident: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01175.x-BIB6 article-title: Freezing of gait affects quality of life of peoples with Parkinson’s disease beyond its relationships with mobility and gait publication-title: Mov Disord doi: 10.1002/mds.21659 contributor: fullname: Moore – volume: 81 start-page: 810 year: 2001 ident: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01175.x-BIB13 article-title: Reliability of measurements obtained with the Timed ‘Up and Go’ test in people with Parkinson disease publication-title: Phys Ther doi: 10.1093/ptj/81.2.810 contributor: fullname: Morris – volume: 4 start-page: 293 year: 1995 ident: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01175.x-BIB16 article-title: Individual-patient monitoring in clinical practice: are available health status surveys adequate? publication-title: Qual Life Res doi: 10.1007/BF01593882 contributor: fullname: McHorney – volume: 67 start-page: 53 year: 1995 ident: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01175.x-BIB2 article-title: The freezing phenomenon in Parkinsonism publication-title: Adv Neurol contributor: fullname: Fahn – start-page: 264 volume-title: Psychometric theory year: 1994 ident: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01175.x-BIB17 contributor: fullname: Nunnally – volume: 30 start-page: 473 year: 1992 ident: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01175.x-BIB12 article-title: The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection publication-title: Med Care doi: 10.1097/00005650-199206000-00002 contributor: fullname: Ware – volume: 11 start-page: 636 year: 2002 ident: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01175.x-BIB18 article-title: What sample sizes for reliability and validity studies? publication-title: Qual Life Res contributor: fullname: Hobart – volume: 51 start-page: 745 year: 1988 ident: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01175.x-BIB10 article-title: The relevance of the Lewy body to the pathogenesis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease publication-title: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr doi: 10.1136/jnnp.51.6.745 contributor: fullname: Gibb
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Snippet	Background – Patient‐reported assessments of freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson’s disease (PD), such as the FOG questionnaire (FOGQ), are needed because FOG... Patient-reported assessments of freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD), such as the FOG questionnaire (FOGQ), are needed because FOG is difficult... Nilsson MH, Hagell P. Freezing of Gait Questionnaire: validity and reliability of the Swedish version. Acta Neurol Scand 2009: 120: 331-334. [copy ] 2009 John... BACKGROUNDPatient-reported assessments of freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD), such as the FOG questionnaire (FOGQ), are needed because FOG is... BACKGROUND: Patient-reported assessments of freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD), such as the FOG questionnaire (FOGQ), are needed because FOG is... Background - Patient-reported assessments of freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD), such as the FOG questionnaire (FOGQ), are needed because FOG...
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SubjectTerms	Accidental Falls Aged assessment Biological and medical sciences Clinical Medicine Disability Evaluation Female freezing of gait Gait Disorders, Neurologic - physiopathology Health Sciences Humans Hypokinesia - physiopathology Hälsovetenskap Klinisk medicin Male Medical and Health Sciences Medical sciences Medicin och hälsovetenskap Neurologi Neurology Nursing Omvårdnad Parkinson Disease - physiopathology Parkinson's disease Postural Balance reliability Reproducibility of Results Severity of Illness Index Surveys and Questionnaires Sweden validity
Title	Freezing of Gait Questionnaire: validity and reliability of the Swedish version
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