Tau-mediated Neurodegeneration and Potential Implications in Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

To review recent research advances on tau, a major player in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, a biomarker for AD onset, and potential target for AD therapy. This review was based on a comprehensive search using online literature databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scho...

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Published inChinese medical journal Vol. 130; no. 24; pp. 2978 - 2990
Main Authors Wu, Xi-Lin, Piña-Crespo, Juan, Zhang, Yun-Wu, Chen, Xiao-Chun, Xu, Hua-Xi
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published China Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd 20.12.2017
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ovid Technologies
Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China%Neuroscience Initiative, Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA%Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen,Fujian 361102, China%Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China%Neuroscience Initiative, Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Neuroscience Initiative, Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen,Fujian 361102, China
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
Wolters Kluwer
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Abstract To review recent research advances on tau, a major player in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, a biomarker for AD onset, and potential target for AD therapy. This review was based on a comprehensive search using online literature databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Literature search was based on the following keywords: Alzheimer's disease, tau protein, biomarker, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), therapeutics, plasma, imaging, propagation, spreading, seeding, prion, conformational templating, and posttranslational modification. Relevant articles were carefully reviewed, with no exclusions applied to study design and publication type. Amyloid plaques enriched with extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles comprised of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are the two main pathological hallmarks of AD. Although the Aβ hypothesis has dominated AD research for many years, clinical Aβ-targeting strategies have consistently failed to effectively treat AD or prevent AD onset. The research focus in AD has recently shifted to the role of tau in AD. In addition to phosphorylation, tau is acetylated and proteolytically cleaved, which also contribute to its physiological and pathological functions. Emerging evidence characterizing pathological tau propagation and spreading provides new avenues for research into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis. Techniques to detect tau at minute levels in CSF and blood have been developed, and improved tracers have facilitated tau imaging in the brain. These advances have potential to accurately determine tau levels at early diagnostic stages in AD. Given that tau is a potential therapeutic target, anti-tau immunotherapy may potentially be a viable treatment strategy in AD intervention. Detecting changes in tau and targeting tau pathology represent a promising lead in the diagnosis and treatment of AD.
AbstractList Objective: To review recent research advances on tau, a major player in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, a biomarker for AD onset, and potential target for AD therapy. Data Sources: This review was based on a comprehensive search using online literature databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Study Selection: Literature search was based on the following keywords: Alzheimer's disease, tau protein, biomarker, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), therapeutics, plasma, imaging, propagation, spreading, seeding, prion, conformational templating, and posttranslational modification. Relevant articles were carefully reviewed, with no exclusions applied to study design and publication type. Results: Amyloid plaques enriched with extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles comprised of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are the two main pathological hallmarks of AD. Although the Aβ hypothesis has dominated AD research for many years, clinical Aβ-targeting strategies have consistently failed to effectively treat AD or prevent AD onset. The research focus in AD has recently shifted to the role of tau in AD. In addition to phosphorylation, tau is acetylated and proteolytically cleaved, which also contribute to its physiological and pathological functions. Emerging evidence characterizing pathological tau propagation and spreading provides new avenues for research into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis. Techniques to detect tau at minute levels in CSF and blood have been developed, and improved tracers have facilitated tau imaging in the brain. These advances have potential to accurately determine tau levels at early diagnostic stages in AD. Given that tau is a potential therapeutic target, anti-tau immunotherapy may potentially be a viable treatment strategy in AD intervention. Conclusion: Detecting changes in tau and targeting tau pathology represent a promising lead in the diagnosis and treatment of AD.
To review recent research advances on tau, a major player in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, a biomarker for AD onset, and potential target for AD therapy.OBJECTIVETo review recent research advances on tau, a major player in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, a biomarker for AD onset, and potential target for AD therapy.This review was based on a comprehensive search using online literature databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.DATA SOURCESThis review was based on a comprehensive search using online literature databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.Literature search was based on the following keywords: Alzheimer's disease, tau protein, biomarker, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), therapeutics, plasma, imaging, propagation, spreading, seeding, prion, conformational templating, and posttranslational modification. Relevant articles were carefully reviewed, with no exclusions applied to study design and publication type.STUDY SELECTIONLiterature search was based on the following keywords: Alzheimer's disease, tau protein, biomarker, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), therapeutics, plasma, imaging, propagation, spreading, seeding, prion, conformational templating, and posttranslational modification. Relevant articles were carefully reviewed, with no exclusions applied to study design and publication type.Amyloid plaques enriched with extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles comprised of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are the two main pathological hallmarks of AD. Although the Aβ hypothesis has dominated AD research for many years, clinical Aβ-targeting strategies have consistently failed to effectively treat AD or prevent AD onset. The research focus in AD has recently shifted to the role of tau in AD. In addition to phosphorylation, tau is acetylated and proteolytically cleaved, which also contribute to its physiological and pathological functions. Emerging evidence characterizing pathological tau propagation and spreading provides new avenues for research into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis. Techniques to detect tau at minute levels in CSF and blood have been developed, and improved tracers have facilitated tau imaging in the brain. These advances have potential to accurately determine tau levels at early diagnostic stages in AD. Given that tau is a potential therapeutic target, anti-tau immunotherapy may potentially be a viable treatment strategy in AD intervention.RESULTSAmyloid plaques enriched with extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles comprised of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are the two main pathological hallmarks of AD. Although the Aβ hypothesis has dominated AD research for many years, clinical Aβ-targeting strategies have consistently failed to effectively treat AD or prevent AD onset. The research focus in AD has recently shifted to the role of tau in AD. In addition to phosphorylation, tau is acetylated and proteolytically cleaved, which also contribute to its physiological and pathological functions. Emerging evidence characterizing pathological tau propagation and spreading provides new avenues for research into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis. Techniques to detect tau at minute levels in CSF and blood have been developed, and improved tracers have facilitated tau imaging in the brain. These advances have potential to accurately determine tau levels at early diagnostic stages in AD. Given that tau is a potential therapeutic target, anti-tau immunotherapy may potentially be a viable treatment strategy in AD intervention.Detecting changes in tau and targeting tau pathology represent a promising lead in the diagnosis and treatment of AD.CONCLUSIONDetecting changes in tau and targeting tau pathology represent a promising lead in the diagnosis and treatment of AD.
To review recent research advances on tau, a major player in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, a biomarker for AD onset, and potential target for AD therapy. This review was based on a comprehensive search using online literature databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Literature search was based on the following keywords: Alzheimer's disease, tau protein, biomarker, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), therapeutics, plasma, imaging, propagation, spreading, seeding, prion, conformational templating, and posttranslational modification. Relevant articles were carefully reviewed, with no exclusions applied to study design and publication type. Amyloid plaques enriched with extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles comprised of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are the two main pathological hallmarks of AD. Although the Aβ hypothesis has dominated AD research for many years, clinical Aβ-targeting strategies have consistently failed to effectively treat AD or prevent AD onset. The research focus in AD has recently shifted to the role of tau in AD. In addition to phosphorylation, tau is acetylated and proteolytically cleaved, which also contribute to its physiological and pathological functions. Emerging evidence characterizing pathological tau propagation and spreading provides new avenues for research into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis. Techniques to detect tau at minute levels in CSF and blood have been developed, and improved tracers have facilitated tau imaging in the brain. These advances have potential to accurately determine tau levels at early diagnostic stages in AD. Given that tau is a potential therapeutic target, anti-tau immunotherapy may potentially be a viable treatment strategy in AD intervention. Detecting changes in tau and targeting tau pathology represent a promising lead in the diagnosis and treatment of AD.
Objective:To review recent research advances on tau,a major player in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis,a biomarker for AD onset,and potential target for AD therapy.Data Sources:This review was based on a comprehensive search using online literature databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,and Google Scholar.Study Selection:Literature search was based on the following keywords:Alzheimer's disease,tau protein,biomarker,cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),therapeutics,plasma,imaging,propagation,spreading,seeding,prion,conformational templating,and posttranslational modification.Relevant articles were carefully reviewed,with no exclusions applied to study design and publication type.Results:Amyloid plaques enriched with extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles comprised of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are the two main pathological hallmarks ofAD.Although the Aβ hypothesis has dominated AD research for many years,clinical Aβ-targeting strategies have consistently failed to effectively treat AD or prevent AD onset.The research focus in AD has recently shifted to the role oftau in AD.In addition to phosphorylation,tau is acetylated and proteolytically cleaved,which also contribute to its physiological and pathological functions.Emerging evidence characterizing pathological tau propagation and spreading provides new avenues for research into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis.Techniques to detect tau at minute levels in CSF and blood have been developed,and improved tracers have facilitated tau imaging in the brain.These advances have potential to accurately determine tau levels at early diagnostic stages in AD.Given that tau is a potential therapeutic target,anti-tau immunotherapy may potentially be a viable treatment strategy in AD intervention.Conclusion:Detecting changes in tau and targeting tau pathology represent a promising lead in the diagnosis and treatment of AD.
Audience Academic
Author Xu, Hua-Xi
Wu, Xi-Lin
Zhang, Yun-Wu
Piña-Crespo, Juan
Chen, Xiao-Chun
AuthorAffiliation Neuroscience Initiative, Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China%Neuroscience Initiative, Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA%Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen,Fujian 361102, China%Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China%Neuroscience Initiative, Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, US
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Neuroscience Initiative, Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China%Neuroscience Initiative, Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA%Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen,Fujian 361102, China%Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China%Neuroscience Initiative, Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen,Fujian 361102, China
– name: 1 Neuroscience Initiative, Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
– name: 2 Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
– name: 3 Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
Author_xml – sequence: 1
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  fullname: Wu, Xi-Lin
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  surname: Chen
  fullname: Chen, Xiao-Chun
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  givenname: Hua-Xi
  surname: Xu
  fullname: Xu, Hua-Xi
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29237931$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 24
Keywords Tau Imaging
Biomarker
Tau Protein
Alzheimer's Disease
Immunotherapy
Transcellular Propagation
Language English
License This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
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PublicationTitle Chinese medical journal
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PublicationYear 2017
Publisher Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ovid Technologies
Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China%Neuroscience Initiative, Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA%Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen,Fujian 361102, China%Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China%Neuroscience Initiative, Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Neuroscience Initiative, Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen,Fujian 361102, China
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
Wolters Kluwer
Publisher_xml – name: Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd
– name: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ovid Technologies
– name: Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen,Fujian 361102, China
– name: Neuroscience Initiative, Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
– name: Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China%Neuroscience Initiative, Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA%Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen,Fujian 361102, China%Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China%Neuroscience Initiative, Neuroscience and Aging Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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  publication-title: Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging
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Snippet To review recent research advances on tau, a major player in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, a biomarker for AD onset, and potential target for AD...
Objective: To review recent research advances on tau, a major player in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, a biomarker for AD onset, and potential target...
Objective:To review recent research advances on tau,a major player in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis,a biomarker for AD onset,and potential target for...
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SubjectTerms Aging
Alzheimer Disease - diagnosis
Alzheimer Disease - drug therapy
Alzheimer Disease - metabolism
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's Disease; Biomarker; Immunotherapy; Tau Imaging; Tau Protein; Transcellular Propagation
Amyloid beta-protein
Animals
Autophagy
Biological markers
Brain research
Care and treatment
Dementia
Diagnosis
Geriatrics
Humans
Immunotherapy
Kinases
Laboratories
Neurodegeneration
Neurodegenerative Diseases - metabolism
Neurology
Neurosciences
Pathogenesis
Pathology
Phosphorylation
Physiology
Prevention
Proteins
Research centers
Review
tau Proteins - metabolism
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Title Tau-mediated Neurodegeneration and Potential Implications in Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
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https://doaj.org/article/309a97328427420cb646bc2c8ff4fdd0
Volume 130
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