Bluetongue virus: dissection of the polymerase complex

Bluetongue is a vector-borne viral disease of ruminants that is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. Since 1998 the virus has also appeared in Europe. Partly due to the seriousness of the disease, bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of genus Orbivirus within the family Reoviridae, has been a...

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Published inJournal of general virology Vol. 89; no. 8; pp. 1789 - 1804
Main Author Roy, Polly
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Reading Soc General Microbiol 01.08.2008
Society for General Microbiology
Subjects
Animals
Animals, Domestic - virology
Animals, Wild - virology
Biological and medical sciences
Bluetongue - transmission
Bluetongue - virology
Bluetongue virus
Bluetongue virus - genetics
Bluetongue virus - metabolism
Bluetongue virus - ultrastructure
capsid
Ceratopogonidae - virology
DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - chemistry
DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - genetics
DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - metabolism
double-stranded RNA
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
literature reviews
Microbiology
Miscellaneous
Models, Molecular
mRNA capping enzymes
Orbivirus
polymerase complex
Reoviridae
RNA helicases
RNA, Viral - metabolism
RNA-directed RNA polymerase
Ruminantia
viral proteins
Viral Proteins - chemistry
Viral Proteins - genetics
Viral Proteins - metabolism
Virology
virus replication
Virus
Microbiology
Veterinary
Reoviridae
Orbivirus
Bluetongue virus
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Abstract Bluetongue is a vector-borne viral disease of ruminants that is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. Since 1998 the virus has also appeared in Europe. Partly due to the seriousness of the disease, bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of genus Orbivirus within the family Reoviridae, has been a subject of intense molecular study for the last three decades and is now one of the best understood viruses at the molecular and structural levels. BTV is a complex non-enveloped virus with seven structural proteins arranged in two capsids and a genome of ten double-stranded (ds) RNA segments. Shortly after cell entry, the outer capsid is lost to release an inner capsid (the core) which synthesizes capped mRNAs from each genomic segment, extruding them into the cytoplasm. This requires the efficient co-ordination of a number of enzymes, including helicase, polymerase and RNA capping activities. This review will focus on our current understanding of these catalytic proteins as derived from the use of recombinant proteins, combined with functional assays and the in vitro reconstitution of the transcription/replication complex. In some cases, 3D structures have complemented this analysis to reveal the fine structural detail of these proteins. The combined activities of the core enzymes produce infectious transcripts necessary and sufficient to initiate BTV infection. Such infectious transcripts can now be synthesized wholly in vitro and, when introduced into cells by transfection, lead to the recovery of infectious virus. Future studies thus hold the possibility of analysing the consequence of mutation in a replicating virus system.
AbstractList Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK Correspondence Polly Roy polly.roy{at}lshtm.ac.uk Bluetongue is a vector-borne viral disease of ruminants that is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. Since 1998 the virus has also appeared in Europe. Partly due to the seriousness of the disease, bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of genus Orbivirus within the family Reoviridae , has been a subject of intense molecular study for the last three decades and is now one of the best understood viruses at the molecular and structural levels. BTV is a complex non-enveloped virus with seven structural proteins arranged in two capsids and a genome of ten double-stranded (ds) RNA segments. Shortly after cell entry, the outer capsid is lost to release an inner capsid (the core) which synthesizes capped mRNAs from each genomic segment, extruding them into the cytoplasm. This requires the efficient co-ordination of a number of enzymes, including helicase, polymerase and RNA capping activities. This review will focus on our current understanding of these catalytic proteins as derived from the use of recombinant proteins, combined with functional assays and the in vitro reconstitution of the transcription/replication complex. In some cases, 3D structures have complemented this analysis to reveal the fine structural detail of these proteins. The combined activities of the core enzymes produce infectious transcripts necessary and sufficient to initiate BTV infection. Such infectious transcripts can now be synthesized wholly in vitro and, when introduced into cells by transfection, lead to the recovery of infectious virus. Future studies thus hold the possibility of analysing the consequence of mutation in a replicating virus system. Published online ahead of print on 03/06/2008 as DOI 10.1099/vir.0.2008/002089-0. BTV genome segments, encoded proteins, their locations and functions are shown in a supplementary table available with the online version of this paper.
Bluetongue is a vector-borne viral disease of ruminants that is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. Since 1998 the virus has also appeared in Europe. Partly due to the seriousness of the disease, bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of genus Orbivirus within the family Reoviridae , has been a subject of intense molecular study for the last three decades and is now one of the best understood viruses at the molecular and structural levels. BTV is a complex non-enveloped virus with seven structural proteins arranged in two capsids and a genome of ten double-stranded (ds) RNA segments. Shortly after cell entry, the outer capsid is lost to release an inner capsid (the core) which synthesizes capped mRNAs from each genomic segment, extruding them into the cytoplasm. This requires the efficient co-ordination of a number of enzymes, including helicase, polymerase and RNA capping activities. This review will focus on our current understanding of these catalytic proteins as derived from the use of recombinant proteins, combined with functional assays and the in vitro reconstitution of the transcription/replication complex. In some cases, 3D structures have complemented this analysis to reveal the fine structural detail of these proteins. The combined activities of the core enzymes produce infectious transcripts necessary and sufficient to initiate BTV infection. Such infectious transcripts can now be synthesized wholly in vitro and, when introduced into cells by transfection, lead to the recovery of infectious virus. Future studies thus hold the possibility of analysing the consequence of mutation in a replicating virus system.
Bluetongue is a vector-borne viral disease of ruminants that is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. Since 1998 the virus has also appeared in Europe. Partly due to the seriousness of the disease, bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of genus Orbivirus within the family Reoviridae, has been a subject of intense molecular study for the last three decades and is now one of the best understood viruses at the molecular and structural levels. BTV is a complex non-enveloped virus with seven structural proteins arranged in two capsids and a genome of ten double-stranded (ds) RNA segments. Shortly after cell entry, the outer capsid is lost to release an inner capsid (the core) which synthesizes capped mRNAs from each genomic segment, extruding them into the cytoplasm. This requires the efficient co-ordination of a number of enzymes, including helicase, polymerase and RNA capping activities. This review will focus on our current understanding of these catalytic proteins as derived from the use of recombinant proteins, combined with functional assays and the in vitro reconstitution of the transcription/replication complex. In some cases, 3D structures have complemented this analysis to reveal the fine structural detail of these proteins. The combined activities of the core enzymes produce infectious transcripts necessary and sufficient to initiate BTV infection. Such infectious transcripts can now be synthesized wholly in vitro and, when introduced into cells by transfection, lead to the recovery of infectious virus. Future studies thus hold the possibility of analysing the consequence of mutation in a replicating virus system.
Bluetongue is a vector-borne viral disease of ruminants that is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. Since 1998 the virus has also appeared in Europe. Partly due to the seriousness of the disease bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of genus Orbivirus within the family Reoviridae , has been a subject of intense molecular study for the last three decades and is now one of the best understood viruses at the molecular and structural levels. BTV is a complex non-enveloped virus with seven structural proteins arranged in two capsids and a genome of ten double-stranded (ds) RNA segments. Shortly after cell entry the outer capsid is lost to release an inner capsid (the core) which synthesises capped mRNAs from each genomic segment, extruding them into the cytoplasm. This requires the efficient co-ordination of a number of enzymes including helicase, polymerase and RNA capping activities. This review will focus on our current understanding of these catalytic proteins as derived from the use of recombinant proteins, combined with functional assays and the in vitro reconstitution of the transcription/replication complex. In some cases, 3D structures have complemented this analysis to reveal the fine structural detail of these proteins. The combined activities of the core enzymes produce infectious transcripts necessary and sufficient to initiate BTV infection. Such infectious transcripts can now be synthesised wholly in vitro and, when introduced into cells by transfection, lead to the recovery of infectious virus. Future studies thus hold the possibility of analysing the consequence of mutation in a replicating virus system.
Bluetongue is a vector-borne viral disease of ruminants that is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. Since 1998 the virus has also appeared in Europe. Partly due to the seriousness of the disease, bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of genus Orbivirus within the family Reoviridae, has been a subject of intense molecular study for the last three decades and is now one of the best understood viruses at the molecular and structural levels. BTV is a complex non-enveloped virus with seven structural proteins arranged in two capsids and a genome of ten double-stranded (ds) RNA segments. Shortly after cell entry, the outer capsid is lost to release an inner capsid (the core) which synthesizes capped mRNAs from each genomic segment, extruding them into the cytoplasm. This requires the efficient co-ordination of a number of enzymes, including helicase, polymerase and RNA capping activities. This review will focus on our current understanding of these catalytic proteins as derived from the use of recombinant proteins, combined with functional assays and the in vitro reconstitution of the transcription/replication complex. In some cases, 3D structures have complemented this analysis to reveal the fine structural detail of these proteins. The combined activities of the core enzymes produce infectious transcripts necessary and sufficient to initiate BTV infection. Such infectious transcripts can now be synthesized wholly in vitro and, when introduced into cells by transfection, lead to the recovery of infectious virus. Future studies thus hold the possibility of analysing the consequence of mutation in a replicating virus system.Bluetongue is a vector-borne viral disease of ruminants that is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. Since 1998 the virus has also appeared in Europe. Partly due to the seriousness of the disease, bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of genus Orbivirus within the family Reoviridae, has been a subject of intense molecular study for the last three decades and is now one of the best understood viruses at the molecular and structural levels. BTV is a complex non-enveloped virus with seven structural proteins arranged in two capsids and a genome of ten double-stranded (ds) RNA segments. Shortly after cell entry, the outer capsid is lost to release an inner capsid (the core) which synthesizes capped mRNAs from each genomic segment, extruding them into the cytoplasm. This requires the efficient co-ordination of a number of enzymes, including helicase, polymerase and RNA capping activities. This review will focus on our current understanding of these catalytic proteins as derived from the use of recombinant proteins, combined with functional assays and the in vitro reconstitution of the transcription/replication complex. In some cases, 3D structures have complemented this analysis to reveal the fine structural detail of these proteins. The combined activities of the core enzymes produce infectious transcripts necessary and sufficient to initiate BTV infection. Such infectious transcripts can now be synthesized wholly in vitro and, when introduced into cells by transfection, lead to the recovery of infectious virus. Future studies thus hold the possibility of analysing the consequence of mutation in a replicating virus system.
Author Roy, Polly
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ProviderPackageCode CITATION
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PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2008-08-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2008-08-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 08
  year: 2008
  text: 2008-08-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2000
PublicationPlace Reading
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Reading
– name: England
PublicationTitle Journal of general virology
PublicationTitleAlternate J Gen Virol
PublicationYear 2008
Publisher Soc General Microbiol
Society for General Microbiology
Publisher_xml – name: Soc General Microbiol
– name: Society for General Microbiology
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Snippet Bluetongue is a vector-borne viral disease of ruminants that is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries. Since 1998 the virus has also appeared in...
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK Correspondence Polly Roy...
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StartPage 1789
SubjectTerms Animals
Animals, Domestic - virology
Animals, Wild - virology
Biological and medical sciences
Bluetongue - transmission
Bluetongue - virology
Bluetongue virus
Bluetongue virus - genetics
Bluetongue virus - metabolism
Bluetongue virus - ultrastructure
capsid
Ceratopogonidae - virology
DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - chemistry
DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - genetics
DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - metabolism
double-stranded RNA
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
literature reviews
Microbiology
Miscellaneous
Models, Molecular
mRNA capping enzymes
Orbivirus
polymerase complex
Reoviridae
RNA helicases
RNA, Viral - metabolism
RNA-directed RNA polymerase
Ruminantia
viral proteins
Viral Proteins - chemistry
Viral Proteins - genetics
Viral Proteins - metabolism
Virology
virus replication
Title Bluetongue virus: dissection of the polymerase complex
URI http://vir.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/89/8/1789
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18632949
https://www.proquest.com/docview/19704577
https://www.proquest.com/docview/48183155
https://www.proquest.com/docview/69319454
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC2735681
Volume 89
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