Tetraspanins distinguish separate extracellular vesicle subpopulations in human serum and plasma – Contributions of platelet extracellular vesicles in plasma samples

Background: The ability to isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from blood is vital in the development of EVs as disease biomarkers. Both serum and plasma can be used, but few studies have compared these sources in terms of the type of EVs that are obtained. The aim of this study was to determine th...

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Published inJournal of extracellular vesicles Vol. 11; no. 5; pp. e12213 - n/a
Main Authors Karimi, Nasibeh, Dalirfardouei, Razieh, Dias, Tomás, Lötvall, Jan, Lässer, Cecilia
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.05.2022
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Wiley
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2001-3078
2001-3078
DOI10.1002/jev2.12213

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Abstract Background: The ability to isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from blood is vital in the development of EVs as disease biomarkers. Both serum and plasma can be used, but few studies have compared these sources in terms of the type of EVs that are obtained. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of different subpopulations of EVs in plasma and serum. Method: Blood was collected from healthy subjects, and plasma and serum were isolated in parallel. ACD or EDTA tubes were used for the collection of plasma, while serum was obtained in clot activator tubes. EVs were isolated utilising a combination of density cushion and SEC, a combination of density cushion and gradient or by a bead antibody capturing system (anti‐CD63, anti‐CD9 and anti‐CD81 beads). The subpopulations of EVs were analysed by NTA, Western blot, SP‐IRIS, conventional and nano flow cytometry, magnetic bead ELISA and mass spectrometry. Additionally, different isolation protocols for plasma were compared to determine the contribution of residual platelets in the analysis. Results: This study shows that a higher number of CD9+ EVs were present in EDTA‐plasma compared to ACD‐plasma and to serum, and the presence of CD41a on these EVs suggests that they were released from platelets. Furthermore, only a very small number of EVs in blood were double‐positive for CD63 and CD81. The CD63+ EVs were enriched in serum, while CD81+ vesicles were the rarest subpopulation in both plasma and serum. Additionally, EDTA‐plasma contained more residual platelets than ACD‐plasma and serum, and two centrifugation steps were crucial to reduce the number of platelets in plasma prior to EV isolation. Conclusion: These results show that human blood contains multiple subpopulations of EVs that carry different tetraspanins. Blood sampling methods, including the use of anti‐coagulants and choice of centrifugation protocols, can affect EV analyses and should always be reported in detail.
AbstractList The ability to isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from blood is vital in the development of EVs as disease biomarkers. Both serum and plasma can be used, but few studies have compared these sources in terms of the type of EVs that are obtained. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of different subpopulations of EVs in plasma and serum. Blood was collected from healthy subjects, and plasma and serum were isolated in parallel. ACD or EDTA tubes were used for the collection of plasma, while serum was obtained in clot activator tubes. EVs were isolated utilising a combination of density cushion and SEC, a combination of density cushion and gradient or by a bead antibody capturing system (anti-CD63, anti-CD9 and anti-CD81 beads). The subpopulations of EVs were analysed by NTA, Western blot, SP-IRIS, conventional and nano flow cytometry, magnetic bead ELISA and mass spectrometry. Additionally, different isolation protocols for plasma were compared to determine the contribution of residual platelets in the analysis. This study shows that a higher number of CD9 EVs were present in EDTA-plasma compared to ACD-plasma and to serum, and the presence of CD41a on these EVs suggests that they were released from platelets. Furthermore, only a very small number of EVs in blood were double-positive for CD63 and CD81. The CD63 EVs were enriched in serum, while CD81 vesicles were the rarest subpopulation in both plasma and serum. Additionally, EDTA-plasma contained more residual platelets than ACD-plasma and serum, and two centrifugation steps were crucial to reduce the number of platelets in plasma prior to EV isolation. These results show that human blood contains multiple subpopulations of EVs that carry different tetraspanins. Blood sampling methods, including the use of anti-coagulants and choice of centrifugation protocols, can affect EV analyses and should always be reported in detail.
Background: The ability to isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from blood is vital in the development of EVs as disease biomarkers. Both serum and plasma can be used, but few studies have compared these sources in terms of the type of EVs that are obtained. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of different subpopulations of EVs in plasma and serum. Method: Blood was collected from healthy subjects, and plasma and serum were isolated in parallel. ACD or EDTA tubes were used for the collection of plasma, while serum was obtained in clot activator tubes. EVs were isolated utilising a combination of density cushion and SEC, a combination of density cushion and gradient or by a bead antibody capturing system (anti-CD63, anti-CD9 and anti-CD81 beads). The subpopulations of EVs were analysed by NTA, Western blot, SP-IRIS, conventional and nano flow cytometry, magnetic bead E LISA and mass spectrometry. Additionally, different isolation protocols for plasma were compared to determine the contribution of residual platelets in the analysis. Results: This study shows that a higher number of CD9(+) EVs were present in EDTA-plasma compared to ACD-plasma and to serum, and the presence of CD41a on these EVs suggests that they were released from platelets. Furthermore, only a very small number of EVs in blood were double-positive for CD63 and CD81. The CD63(+) EVs were enriched in serum, while CD81(+) vesicles were the rarest subpopulation in both plasma and serum. Additionally, EDTA-plasma contained more residual platelets than ACD-plasma and serum, and two centrifugation steps were crucial to reduce the number of platelets in plasma prior to EV isolation. Conclusion: These results show that human blood contains multiple subpopulations of EVs that carry different tetraspanins. Blood sampling methods, including the use of anti-coagulants and choice of centrifugation protocols, can affect EV analyses and should always be reported in detail.
Background: The ability to isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from blood is vital in the development of EVs as disease biomarkers. Both serum and plasma can be used, but few studies have compared these sources in terms of the type of EVs that are obtained. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of different subpopulations of EVs in plasma and serum. Method: Blood was collected from healthy subjects, and plasma and serum were isolated in parallel. ACD or EDTA tubes were used for the collection of plasma, while serum was obtained in clot activator tubes. EVs were isolated utilising a combination of density cushion and SEC, a combination of density cushion and gradient or by a bead antibody capturing system (anti‐CD63, anti‐CD9 and anti‐CD81 beads). The subpopulations of EVs were analysed by NTA, Western blot, SP‐IRIS, conventional and nano flow cytometry, magnetic bead ELISA and mass spectrometry. Additionally, different isolation protocols for plasma were compared to determine the contribution of residual platelets in the analysis. Results: This study shows that a higher number of CD9+ EVs were present in EDTA‐plasma compared to ACD‐plasma and to serum, and the presence of CD41a on these EVs suggests that they were released from platelets. Furthermore, only a very small number of EVs in blood were double‐positive for CD63 and CD81. The CD63+ EVs were enriched in serum, while CD81+ vesicles were the rarest subpopulation in both plasma and serum. Additionally, EDTA‐plasma contained more residual platelets than ACD‐plasma and serum, and two centrifugation steps were crucial to reduce the number of platelets in plasma prior to EV isolation. Conclusion: These results show that human blood contains multiple subpopulations of EVs that carry different tetraspanins. Blood sampling methods, including the use of anti‐coagulants and choice of centrifugation protocols, can affect EV analyses and should always be reported in detail.
The ability to isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from blood is vital in the development of EVs as disease biomarkers. Both serum and plasma can be used, but few studies have compared these sources in terms of the type of EVs that are obtained. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of different subpopulations of EVs in plasma and serum.BACKGROUNDThe ability to isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from blood is vital in the development of EVs as disease biomarkers. Both serum and plasma can be used, but few studies have compared these sources in terms of the type of EVs that are obtained. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of different subpopulations of EVs in plasma and serum.Blood was collected from healthy subjects, and plasma and serum were isolated in parallel. ACD or EDTA tubes were used for the collection of plasma, while serum was obtained in clot activator tubes. EVs were isolated utilising a combination of density cushion and SEC, a combination of density cushion and gradient or by a bead antibody capturing system (anti-CD63, anti-CD9 and anti-CD81 beads). The subpopulations of EVs were analysed by NTA, Western blot, SP-IRIS, conventional and nano flow cytometry, magnetic bead ELISA and mass spectrometry. Additionally, different isolation protocols for plasma were compared to determine the contribution of residual platelets in the analysis.METHODBlood was collected from healthy subjects, and plasma and serum were isolated in parallel. ACD or EDTA tubes were used for the collection of plasma, while serum was obtained in clot activator tubes. EVs were isolated utilising a combination of density cushion and SEC, a combination of density cushion and gradient or by a bead antibody capturing system (anti-CD63, anti-CD9 and anti-CD81 beads). The subpopulations of EVs were analysed by NTA, Western blot, SP-IRIS, conventional and nano flow cytometry, magnetic bead ELISA and mass spectrometry. Additionally, different isolation protocols for plasma were compared to determine the contribution of residual platelets in the analysis.This study shows that a higher number of CD9+ EVs were present in EDTA-plasma compared to ACD-plasma and to serum, and the presence of CD41a on these EVs suggests that they were released from platelets. Furthermore, only a very small number of EVs in blood were double-positive for CD63 and CD81. The CD63+ EVs were enriched in serum, while CD81+ vesicles were the rarest subpopulation in both plasma and serum. Additionally, EDTA-plasma contained more residual platelets than ACD-plasma and serum, and two centrifugation steps were crucial to reduce the number of platelets in plasma prior to EV isolation.RESULTSThis study shows that a higher number of CD9+ EVs were present in EDTA-plasma compared to ACD-plasma and to serum, and the presence of CD41a on these EVs suggests that they were released from platelets. Furthermore, only a very small number of EVs in blood were double-positive for CD63 and CD81. The CD63+ EVs were enriched in serum, while CD81+ vesicles were the rarest subpopulation in both plasma and serum. Additionally, EDTA-plasma contained more residual platelets than ACD-plasma and serum, and two centrifugation steps were crucial to reduce the number of platelets in plasma prior to EV isolation.These results show that human blood contains multiple subpopulations of EVs that carry different tetraspanins. Blood sampling methods, including the use of anti-coagulants and choice of centrifugation protocols, can affect EV analyses and should always be reported in detail.CONCLUSIONThese results show that human blood contains multiple subpopulations of EVs that carry different tetraspanins. Blood sampling methods, including the use of anti-coagulants and choice of centrifugation protocols, can affect EV analyses and should always be reported in detail.
Abstract Background: The ability to isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from blood is vital in the development of EVs as disease biomarkers. Both serum and plasma can be used, but few studies have compared these sources in terms of the type of EVs that are obtained. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of different subpopulations of EVs in plasma and serum. Method: Blood was collected from healthy subjects, and plasma and serum were isolated in parallel. ACD or EDTA tubes were used for the collection of plasma, while serum was obtained in clot activator tubes. EVs were isolated utilising a combination of density cushion and SEC, a combination of density cushion and gradient or by a bead antibody capturing system (anti‐CD63, anti‐CD9 and anti‐CD81 beads). The subpopulations of EVs were analysed by NTA, Western blot, SP‐IRIS, conventional and nano flow cytometry, magnetic bead ELISA and mass spectrometry. Additionally, different isolation protocols for plasma were compared to determine the contribution of residual platelets in the analysis. Results: This study shows that a higher number of CD9+ EVs were present in EDTA‐plasma compared to ACD‐plasma and to serum, and the presence of CD41a on these EVs suggests that they were released from platelets. Furthermore, only a very small number of EVs in blood were double‐positive for CD63 and CD81. The CD63+ EVs were enriched in serum, while CD81+ vesicles were the rarest subpopulation in both plasma and serum. Additionally, EDTA‐plasma contained more residual platelets than ACD‐plasma and serum, and two centrifugation steps were crucial to reduce the number of platelets in plasma prior to EV isolation. Conclusion: These results show that human blood contains multiple subpopulations of EVs that carry different tetraspanins. Blood sampling methods, including the use of anti‐coagulants and choice of centrifugation protocols, can affect EV analyses and should always be reported in detail.
Background: The ability to isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from blood is vital in the development of EVs as disease biomarkers. Both serum and plasma can be used, but few studies have compared these sources in terms of the type of EVs that are obtained. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of different subpopulations of EVs in plasma and serum. Method: Blood was collected from healthy subjects, and plasma and serum were isolated in parallel. ACD or EDTA tubes were used for the collection of plasma, while serum was obtained in clot activator tubes. EVs were isolated utilising a combination of density cushion and SEC, a combination of density cushion and gradient or by a bead antibody capturing system (anti‐CD63, anti‐CD9 and anti‐CD81 beads). The subpopulations of EVs were analysed by NTA, Western blot, SP‐IRIS, conventional and nano flow cytometry, magnetic bead ELISA and mass spectrometry. Additionally, different isolation protocols for plasma were compared to determine the contribution of residual platelets in the analysis. Results: This study shows that a higher number of CD9+ EVs were present in EDTA‐plasma compared to ACD‐plasma and to serum, and the presence of CD41a on these EVs suggests that they were released from platelets. Furthermore, only a very small number of EVs in blood were double‐positive for CD63 and CD81. The CD63+ EVs were enriched in serum, while CD81+ vesicles were the rarest subpopulation in both plasma and serum. Additionally, EDTA‐plasma contained more residual platelets than ACD‐plasma and serum, and two centrifugation steps were crucial to reduce the number of platelets in plasma prior to EV isolation. Conclusion: These results show that human blood contains multiple subpopulations of EVs that carry different tetraspanins. Blood sampling methods, including the use of anti‐coagulants and choice of centrifugation protocols, can affect EV analyses and should always be reported in detail.
Background : The ability to isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from blood is vital in the development of EVs as disease biomarkers. Both serum and plasma can be used, but few studies have compared these sources in terms of the type of EVs that are obtained. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of different subpopulations of EVs in plasma and serum. Method : Blood was collected from healthy subjects, and plasma and serum were isolated in parallel. ACD or EDTA tubes were used for the collection of plasma, while serum was obtained in clot activator tubes. EVs were isolated utilising a combination of density cushion and SEC, a combination of density cushion and gradient or by a bead antibody capturing system (anti‐CD63, anti‐CD9 and anti‐CD81 beads). The subpopulations of EVs were analysed by NTA, Western blot, SP‐IRIS, conventional and nano flow cytometry, magnetic bead ELISA and mass spectrometry. Additionally, different isolation protocols for plasma were compared to determine the contribution of residual platelets in the analysis. Results : This study shows that a higher number of CD9 + EVs were present in EDTA‐plasma compared to ACD‐plasma and to serum, and the presence of CD41a on these EVs suggests that they were released from platelets. Furthermore, only a very small number of EVs in blood were double‐positive for CD63 and CD81. The CD63 + EVs were enriched in serum, while CD81 + vesicles were the rarest subpopulation in both plasma and serum. Additionally, EDTA‐plasma contained more residual platelets than ACD‐plasma and serum, and two centrifugation steps were crucial to reduce the number of platelets in plasma prior to EV isolation. Conclusion : These results show that human blood contains multiple subpopulations of EVs that carry different tetraspanins. Blood sampling methods, including the use of anti‐coagulants and choice of centrifugation protocols, can affect EV analyses and should always be reported in detail.
Author Lässer, Cecilia
Lötvall, Jan
Dias, Tomás
Karimi, Nasibeh
Dalirfardouei, Razieh
AuthorAffiliation 4 Mursla Ltd. Cambridge UK
1 Krefting Research Centre Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
3 Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biotechnology Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
2 Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran
– name: 3 Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biotechnology Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
– name: 4 Mursla Ltd. Cambridge UK
– name: 1 Krefting Research Centre Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Institute of Medicine Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Nasibeh
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1499-6876
  surname: Karimi
  fullname: Karimi, Nasibeh
  email: nasibeh.karimi@gu.se
  organization: University of Gothenburg
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Razieh
  surname: Dalirfardouei
  fullname: Dalirfardouei, Razieh
  organization: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Tomás
  surname: Dias
  fullname: Dias, Tomás
  organization: Mursla Ltd
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Jan
  surname: Lötvall
  fullname: Lötvall, Jan
  organization: University of Gothenburg
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Cecilia
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1279-1746
  surname: Lässer
  fullname: Lässer, Cecilia
  email: cecilia.lasser@gu.se
  organization: University of Gothenburg
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35524458$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/316397$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2022 The Authors. published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles.
2022 The Authors. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles.
2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the "License"). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml – notice: 2022 The Authors. published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles.
– notice: 2022 The Authors. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles.
– notice: 2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the "License"). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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Keywords extracellular vesicles
biomarkers
exosomes
subpopulations
microvesicles
plasma
serum
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2022 The Authors. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles.
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Snippet Background: The ability to isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from blood is vital in the development of EVs as disease biomarkers. Both serum and plasma can...
Background : The ability to isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from blood is vital in the development of EVs as disease biomarkers. Both serum and plasma can...
The ability to isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from blood is vital in the development of EVs as disease biomarkers. Both serum and plasma can be used, but...
Abstract Background: The ability to isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from blood is vital in the development of EVs as disease biomarkers. Both serum and...
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SubjectTerms activated platelets
Biomarkers
Blood
Blood Platelets
CD63 antigen
CD81 antigen
cd9
CD9 antigen
Cell Biology
Cell culture
Centrifugation
Clinical Laboratory Medicine
Coagulants
Edetic acid
Edetic Acid - analysis
exosomes
Extracellular vesicles
Extracellular Vesicles - chemistry
Flow cytometry
Humans
integrin
Klinisk laboratoriemedicin
Laboratories
Lipoproteins
Mass Spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
microvesicles
multiplex
Neurosciences
Neurovetenskaper
Plasma
Platelets
protein
Proteins
rna
secretion
serum
subpopulations
surface
Tetraspanins - analysis
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Title Tetraspanins distinguish separate extracellular vesicle subpopulations in human serum and plasma – Contributions of platelet extracellular vesicles in plasma samples
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Volume 11
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