Maternal DNMT3A-dependent de novo methylation of the paternal genome inhibits gene expression in the early embryo

De novo DNA methylation (DNAme) during mammalian spermatogenesis yields a densely methylated genome, with the exception of CpG islands (CGIs), which are hypomethylated in sperm. While the paternal genome undergoes widespread DNAme loss before the first S-phase following fertilization, recent mass sp...

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Published inNature communications Vol. 11; no. 1; pp. 5417 - 12
Main Authors Richard Albert, Julien, Au Yeung, Wan Kin, Toriyama, Keisuke, Kobayashi, Hisato, Hirasawa, Ryutaro, Brind’Amour, Julie, Bogutz, Aaron, Sasaki, Hiroyuki, Lorincz, Matthew
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 27.10.2020
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects
14/35
38/39
38/91
45/15
45/23
631/136/2086
631/208/176/1968
631/208/176/1988
631/208/200
631/337/176/1988
64/60
Alleles
Blastocysts
CpG islands
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Developmental stages
DNA
DNA methylation
Embryos
Epigenetics
Fertilization
Gene deletion
Gene expression
Gene sequencing
Gene silencing
Genomes
Humanities and Social Sciences
Life Sciences
Loci
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
multidisciplinary
Promoters
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Spermatogenesis
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Abstract De novo DNA methylation (DNAme) during mammalian spermatogenesis yields a densely methylated genome, with the exception of CpG islands (CGIs), which are hypomethylated in sperm. While the paternal genome undergoes widespread DNAme loss before the first S-phase following fertilization, recent mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the zygotic paternal genome is paradoxically also subject to a low level of de novo DNAme. However, the loci involved, and impact on transcription were not addressed. Here, we employ allele-specific analysis of whole-genome bisulphite sequencing data and show that a number of genomic regions, including several dozen CGI promoters, are de novo methylated on the paternal genome by the 2-cell stage. A subset of these promoters maintains DNAme through development to the blastocyst stage. Consistent with paternal DNAme acquisition, many of these loci are hypermethylated in androgenetic blastocysts but hypomethylated in parthenogenetic blastocysts. Paternal DNAme acquisition is lost following maternal deletion of Dnmt3a , with a subset of promoters, which are normally transcribed from the paternal allele in blastocysts, being prematurely transcribed at the 4-cell stage in maternal Dnmt3a knockout embryos. These observations uncover a role for maternal DNMT3A activity in post-fertilization epigenetic reprogramming and transcriptional silencing of the paternal genome. The paternal genome in mice undergoes widespread DNA methylation loss post-fertilization. Here, the authors apply allele-specific analysis of WGBS data to show that a number of genomic regions are simultaneously de novo methylated on the paternal genome dependent on maternal DNMT3A activity, which induces transcriptional silencing of this allele in the early embryo.
AbstractList Abstract De novo DNA methylation (DNAme) during mammalian spermatogenesis yields a densely methylated genome, with the exception of CpG islands (CGIs), which are hypomethylated in sperm. While the paternal genome undergoes widespread DNAme loss before the first S-phase following fertilization, recent mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the zygotic paternal genome is paradoxically also subject to a low level of de novo DNAme. However, the loci involved, and impact on transcription were not addressed. Here, we employ allele-specific analysis of whole-genome bisulphite sequencing data and show that a number of genomic regions, including several dozen CGI promoters, are de novo methylated on the paternal genome by the 2-cell stage. A subset of these promoters maintains DNAme through development to the blastocyst stage. Consistent with paternal DNAme acquisition, many of these loci are hypermethylated in androgenetic blastocysts but hypomethylated in parthenogenetic blastocysts. Paternal DNAme acquisition is lost following maternal deletion of Dnmt3a , with a subset of promoters, which are normally transcribed from the paternal allele in blastocysts, being prematurely transcribed at the 4-cell stage in maternal Dnmt3a knockout embryos. These observations uncover a role for maternal DNMT3A activity in post-fertilization epigenetic reprogramming and transcriptional silencing of the paternal genome.
De novo DNA methylation (DNAme) during mammalian spermatogenesis yields a densely methylated genome, with the exception of CpG islands (CGIs), which are hypomethylated in sperm. While the paternal genome undergoes widespread DNAme loss before the first S-phase following fertilization, recent mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the zygotic paternal genome is paradoxically also subject to a low level of de novo DNAme. However, the loci involved, and impact on transcription were not addressed. Here, we employ allele-specific analysis of whole-genome bisulphite sequencing data and show that a number of genomic regions, including several dozen CGI promoters, are de novo methylated on the paternal genome by the 2-cell stage. A subset of these promoters maintains DNAme through development to the blastocyst stage. Consistent with paternal DNAme acquisition, many of these loci are hypermethylated in androgenetic blastocysts but hypomethylated in parthenogenetic blastocysts. Paternal DNAme acquisition is lost following maternal deletion of Dnmt3a , with a subset of promoters, which are normally transcribed from the paternal allele in blastocysts, being prematurely transcribed at the 4-cell stage in maternal Dnmt3a knockout embryos. These observations uncover a role for maternal DNMT3A activity in post-fertilization epigenetic reprogramming and transcriptional silencing of the paternal genome. The paternal genome in mice undergoes widespread DNA methylation loss post-fertilization. Here, the authors apply allele-specific analysis of WGBS data to show that a number of genomic regions are simultaneously de novo methylated on the paternal genome dependent on maternal DNMT3A activity, which induces transcriptional silencing of this allele in the early embryo.
De novo DNA methylation (DNAme) during mammalian spermatogenesis yields a densely methylated genome, with the exception of CpG islands (CGIs), which are hypomethylated in sperm. While the paternal genome undergoes widespread DNAme loss before the first S-phase following fertilization, recent mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the zygotic paternal genome is paradoxically also subject to a low level of de novo DNAme. However, the loci involved, and impact on transcription were not addressed. Here, we employ allele-specific analysis of whole-genome bisulphite sequencing data and show that a number of genomic regions, including several dozen CGI promoters, are de novo methylated on the paternal genome by the 2-cell stage. A subset of these promoters maintains DNAme through development to the blastocyst stage. Consistent with paternal DNAme acquisition, many of these loci are hypermethylated in androgenetic blastocysts but hypomethylated in parthenogenetic blastocysts. Paternal DNAme acquisition is lost following maternal deletion of Dnmt3a, with a subset of promoters, which are normally transcribed from the paternal allele in blastocysts, being prematurely transcribed at the 4-cell stage in maternal Dnmt3a knockout embryos. These observations uncover a role for maternal DNMT3A activity in post-fertilization epigenetic reprogramming and transcriptional silencing of the paternal genome.The paternal genome in mice undergoes widespread DNA methylation loss post-fertilization. Here, the authors apply allele-specific analysis of WGBS data to show that a number of genomic regions are simultaneously de novo methylated on the paternal genome dependent on maternal DNMT3A activity, which induces transcriptional silencing of this allele in the early embryo.
De novo DNA methylation (DNAme) during mammalian spermatogenesis yields a densely methylated genome, with the exception of CpG islands (CGIs), which are hypomethylated in sperm. While the paternal genome undergoes widespread DNAme loss before the first S-phase following fertilization, recent mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the zygotic paternal genome is paradoxically also subject to a low level of de novo DNAme. However, the loci involved, and impact on transcription were not addressed. Here, we employ allele-specific analysis of whole-genome bisulphite sequencing data and show that a number of genomic regions, including several dozen CGI promoters, are de novo methylated on the paternal genome by the 2-cell stage. A subset of these promoters maintains DNAme through development to the blastocyst stage. Consistent with paternal DNAme acquisition, many of these loci are hypermethylated in androgenetic blastocysts but hypomethylated in parthenogenetic blastocysts. Paternal DNAme acquisition is lost following maternal deletion of Dnmt3a, with a subset of promoters, which are normally transcribed from the paternal allele in blastocysts, being prematurely transcribed at the 4-cell stage in maternal Dnmt3a knockout embryos. These observations uncover a role for maternal DNMT3A activity in post-fertilization epigenetic reprogramming and transcriptional silencing of the paternal genome.De novo DNA methylation (DNAme) during mammalian spermatogenesis yields a densely methylated genome, with the exception of CpG islands (CGIs), which are hypomethylated in sperm. While the paternal genome undergoes widespread DNAme loss before the first S-phase following fertilization, recent mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the zygotic paternal genome is paradoxically also subject to a low level of de novo DNAme. However, the loci involved, and impact on transcription were not addressed. Here, we employ allele-specific analysis of whole-genome bisulphite sequencing data and show that a number of genomic regions, including several dozen CGI promoters, are de novo methylated on the paternal genome by the 2-cell stage. A subset of these promoters maintains DNAme through development to the blastocyst stage. Consistent with paternal DNAme acquisition, many of these loci are hypermethylated in androgenetic blastocysts but hypomethylated in parthenogenetic blastocysts. Paternal DNAme acquisition is lost following maternal deletion of Dnmt3a, with a subset of promoters, which are normally transcribed from the paternal allele in blastocysts, being prematurely transcribed at the 4-cell stage in maternal Dnmt3a knockout embryos. These observations uncover a role for maternal DNMT3A activity in post-fertilization epigenetic reprogramming and transcriptional silencing of the paternal genome.
The paternal genome in mice undergoes widespread DNA methylation loss post-fertilization. Here, the authors apply allele-specific analysis of WGBS data to show that a number of genomic regions are simultaneously de novo methylated on the paternal genome dependent on maternal DNMT3A activity, which induces transcriptional silencing of this allele in the early embryo.
De novo DNA methylation (DNAme) during mammalian spermatogenesis yields a densely methylated genome, with the exception of CpG islands (CGIs), which are hypomethylated in sperm. While the paternal genome undergoes widespread DNAme loss before the first S-phase following fertilization, recent mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the zygotic paternal genome is paradoxically also subject to a low level of de novo DNAme. However, the loci involved, and impact on transcription were not addressed. Here, we employ allele-specific analysis of whole-genome bisulphite sequencing data and show that a number of genomic regions, including several dozen CGI promoters, are de novo methylated on the paternal genome by the 2-cell stage. A subset of these promoters maintains DNAme through development to the blastocyst stage. Consistent with paternal DNAme acquisition, many of these loci are hypermethylated in androgenetic blastocysts but hypomethylated in parthenogenetic blastocysts. Paternal DNAme acquisition is lost following maternal deletion of Dnmt3a , with a subset of promoters, which are normally transcribed from the paternal allele in blastocysts, being prematurely transcribed at the 4-cell stage in maternal Dnmt3a knockout embryos. These observations uncover a role for maternal DNMT3A activity in post-fertilization epigenetic reprogramming and transcriptional silencing of the paternal genome.
ArticleNumber 5417
Author Brind’Amour, Julie
Toriyama, Keisuke
Kobayashi, Hisato
Sasaki, Hiroyuki
Lorincz, Matthew
Au Yeung, Wan Kin
Richard Albert, Julien
Hirasawa, Ryutaro
Bogutz, Aaron
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Snippet De novo DNA methylation (DNAme) during mammalian spermatogenesis yields a densely methylated genome, with the exception of CpG islands (CGIs), which are...
Abstract De novo DNA methylation (DNAme) during mammalian spermatogenesis yields a densely methylated genome, with the exception of CpG islands (CGIs), which...
The paternal genome in mice undergoes widespread DNA methylation loss post-fertilization. Here, the authors apply allele-specific analysis of WGBS data to show...
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Alleles
Blastocysts
CpG islands
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Developmental stages
DNA
DNA methylation
Embryos
Epigenetics
Fertilization
Gene deletion
Gene expression
Gene sequencing
Gene silencing
Genomes
Humanities and Social Sciences
Life Sciences
Loci
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
multidisciplinary
Promoters
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Spermatogenesis
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Title Maternal DNMT3A-dependent de novo methylation of the paternal genome inhibits gene expression in the early embryo
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41467-020-19279-7
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2471526360
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2455171939
https://hal.science/hal-04388348
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7591512
https://doaj.org/article/128797e6956e467bae7bb0618d815a9b
Volume 11
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