Differences among epitopes recognized by neutralizing antibodies induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination

SARS-CoV-2 has gradually acquired amino acid substitutions in its S protein that reduce the potency of neutralizing antibodies, leading to decreased vaccine efficacy. Here, we attempted to obtain mutant viruses by passaging SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of plasma samples from convalescent patients or v...

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Published iniScience Vol. 26; no. 7; p. 107208
Main Authors Yamamoto, Shinya, Yamayoshi, Seiya, Ito, Mutsumi, Sakai-Tagawa, Yuko, Nakachi, Ichiro, Baba, Rie, Kamimoto, Shigenobu, Ogura, Takayuki, Hagiwara, Shigehiro, Kato, Hideaki, Nakajima, Hideaki, Uwamino, Yoshifumi, Yagi, Kazuma, Sugaya, Norio, Nagai, Hiroyuki, Saito, Makoto, Adachi, Eisuke, Koga, Michiko, Tsutsumi, Takeya, Duong, Calvin, Okuda, Moe, Murakami, Jurika, Furusawa, Yuri, Ujie, Michiko, Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Kiyoko, Yotsuyanagi, Hiroshi, Kawaoka, Yoshihiro
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 21.07.2023
Elsevier BV
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Elsevier
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Immunology
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Virology
Immunology
Virology
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Abstract SARS-CoV-2 has gradually acquired amino acid substitutions in its S protein that reduce the potency of neutralizing antibodies, leading to decreased vaccine efficacy. Here, we attempted to obtain mutant viruses by passaging SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of plasma samples from convalescent patients or vaccinees to determine which amino acid substitutions affect the antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2. Several amino acid substitutions in the S2 region, as well as the N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor-binding domain (RBD), affected the neutralization potency of plasma samples collected from vaccinees, indicating that amino acid substitutions in the S2 region as well as those in the NTD and RBD affect neutralization by vaccine-induced antibodies. Furthermore, the neutralizing potency of vaccinee plasma samples against mutant viruses we obtained or circulating viruses differed among individuals. These findings suggest that genetic backgrounds of vaccinees influence the recognition of neutralizing epitopes. [Display omitted] •Amino acid changes in the S2 region alter the reactivity with vaccinee plasma samples•The neutralizing potency of convalescent or vaccinee plasmas varies among individuals•Genetic and immunological backgrounds affect the neutralizing epitope recognition Immunology; Virology
AbstractList SARS-CoV-2 has gradually acquired amino acid substitutions in its S protein that reduce the potency of neutralizing antibodies, leading to decreased vaccine efficacy. Here, we attempted to obtain mutant viruses by passaging SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of plasma samples from convalescent patients or vaccinees to determine which amino acid substitutions affect the antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2. Several amino acid substitutions in the S2 region, as well as the N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor-binding domain (RBD), affected the neutralization potency of plasma samples collected from vaccinees, indicating that amino acid substitutions in the S2 region as well as those in the NTD and RBD affect neutralization by vaccine-induced antibodies. Furthermore, the neutralizing potency of vaccinee plasma samples against mutant viruses we obtained or circulating viruses differed among individuals. These findings suggest that genetic backgrounds of vaccinees influence the recognition of neutralizing epitopes.
SARS-CoV-2 has gradually acquired amino acid substitutions in its S protein that reduce the potency of neutralizing antibodies, leading to decreased vaccine efficacy. Here, we attempted to obtain mutant viruses by passaging SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of plasma samples from convalescent patients or vaccinees to determine which amino acid substitutions affect the antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2. Several amino acid substitutions in the S2 region, as well as the N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor-binding domain (RBD), affected the neutralization potency of plasma samples collected from vaccinees, indicating that amino acid substitutions in the S2 region as well as those in the NTD and RBD affect neutralization by vaccine-induced antibodies. Furthermore, the neutralizing potency of vaccinee plasma samples against mutant viruses we obtained or circulating viruses differed among individuals. These findings suggest that genetic backgrounds of vaccinees influence the recognition of neutralizing epitopes.SARS-CoV-2 has gradually acquired amino acid substitutions in its S protein that reduce the potency of neutralizing antibodies, leading to decreased vaccine efficacy. Here, we attempted to obtain mutant viruses by passaging SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of plasma samples from convalescent patients or vaccinees to determine which amino acid substitutions affect the antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2. Several amino acid substitutions in the S2 region, as well as the N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor-binding domain (RBD), affected the neutralization potency of plasma samples collected from vaccinees, indicating that amino acid substitutions in the S2 region as well as those in the NTD and RBD affect neutralization by vaccine-induced antibodies. Furthermore, the neutralizing potency of vaccinee plasma samples against mutant viruses we obtained or circulating viruses differed among individuals. These findings suggest that genetic backgrounds of vaccinees influence the recognition of neutralizing epitopes.
SARS-CoV-2 has gradually acquired amino acid substitutions in its S protein that reduce the potency of neutralizing antibodies, leading to decreased vaccine efficacy. Here, we attempted to obtain mutant viruses by passaging SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of plasma samples from convalescent patients or vaccinees to determine which amino acid substitutions affect the antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2. Several amino acid substitutions in the S2 region, as well as the N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor-binding domain (RBD), affected the neutralization potency of plasma samples collected from vaccinees, indicating that amino acid substitutions in the S2 region as well as those in the NTD and RBD affect neutralization by vaccine-induced antibodies. Furthermore, the neutralizing potency of vaccinee plasma samples against mutant viruses we obtained or circulating viruses differed among individuals. These findings suggest that genetic backgrounds of vaccinees influence the recognition of neutralizing epitopes. [Display omitted] •Amino acid changes in the S2 region alter the reactivity with vaccinee plasma samples•The neutralizing potency of convalescent or vaccinee plasmas varies among individuals•Genetic and immunological backgrounds affect the neutralizing epitope recognition Immunology; Virology
ArticleNumber 107208
Author Koga, Michiko
Yotsuyanagi, Hiroshi
Adachi, Eisuke
Nakachi, Ichiro
Baba, Rie
Saito, Makoto
Yamayoshi, Seiya
Yagi, Kazuma
Furusawa, Yuri
Uwamino, Yoshifumi
Yamamoto, Shinya
Duong, Calvin
Murakami, Jurika
Sugaya, Norio
Okuda, Moe
Ujie, Michiko
Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Kiyoko
Kato, Hideaki
Nagai, Hiroyuki
Hagiwara, Shigehiro
Nakajima, Hideaki
Tsutsumi, Takeya
Kamimoto, Shigenobu
Kawaoka, Yoshihiro
Ogura, Takayuki
Sakai-Tagawa, Yuko
Ito, Mutsumi
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Snippet SARS-CoV-2 has gradually acquired amino acid substitutions in its S protein that reduce the potency of neutralizing antibodies, leading to decreased vaccine...
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SubjectTerms Immunology
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Science
Virology
Title Differences among epitopes recognized by neutralizing antibodies induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.107208
https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1873961343017044736
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