Overview of complement activation and regulation

Complement is an important component of the innate immune system that is crucial for defense from microbial infections and for clearance of immune complexes and injured cells. In normal conditions complement is tightly controlled by a number of fluid-phase and cell surface proteins to avoid injury t...

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Published inSeminars in nephrology Vol. 33; no. 6; p. 479
Main Authors Noris, Marina, Remuzzi, Giuseppe
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States 01.11.2013
Subjects
Online AccessGet more information
ISSN1558-4488
DOI10.1016/j.semnephrol.2013.08.001

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Abstract Complement is an important component of the innate immune system that is crucial for defense from microbial infections and for clearance of immune complexes and injured cells. In normal conditions complement is tightly controlled by a number of fluid-phase and cell surface proteins to avoid injury to autologous tissues. When complement is hyperactivated, as occurs in autoimmune diseases or in subjects with dysfunctional regulatory proteins, it drives a severe inflammatory response in numerous organs. The kidney appears to be particularly vulnerable to complement-mediated inflammatory injury. Injury may derive from deposition of circulating active complement fragments in glomeruli, but complement locally produced and activated in the kidney also may have a role. Many kidney disorders have been linked to abnormal complement activation, including immune-complex-mediated glomerulonephritis and rare genetic kidney diseases, but also tubulointerstitial injury associated with progressive proteinuric diseases or ischemia-reperfusion.
AbstractList Complement is an important component of the innate immune system that is crucial for defense from microbial infections and for clearance of immune complexes and injured cells. In normal conditions complement is tightly controlled by a number of fluid-phase and cell surface proteins to avoid injury to autologous tissues. When complement is hyperactivated, as occurs in autoimmune diseases or in subjects with dysfunctional regulatory proteins, it drives a severe inflammatory response in numerous organs. The kidney appears to be particularly vulnerable to complement-mediated inflammatory injury. Injury may derive from deposition of circulating active complement fragments in glomeruli, but complement locally produced and activated in the kidney also may have a role. Many kidney disorders have been linked to abnormal complement activation, including immune-complex-mediated glomerulonephritis and rare genetic kidney diseases, but also tubulointerstitial injury associated with progressive proteinuric diseases or ischemia-reperfusion.
Author Noris, Marina
Remuzzi, Giuseppe
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Marina
  surname: Noris
  fullname: Noris, Marina
  email: marina.noris@marionegri.it
  organization: IRCCS- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Bergamo, Italy. Electronic address: marina.noris@marionegri.it
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Giuseppe
  surname: Remuzzi
  fullname: Remuzzi, Giuseppe
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24161035$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords kidney
complement regulators
Complement
innate immunity
kidney diseases
adaptive immunity
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Snippet Complement is an important component of the innate immune system that is crucial for defense from microbial infections and for clearance of immune complexes...
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SubjectTerms Adaptive Immunity - physiology
Complement Activating Enzymes - metabolism
Complement Activation - physiology
Complement System Proteins
Humans
Immunity, Innate - physiology
Kidney Diseases - immunology
Kidney Diseases - metabolism
Title Overview of complement activation and regulation
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