Development of outdoor exposure model of traffic-related air pollution for epidemiologic research in Japan

We developed an exposure estimation model for an epidemiological study on the effect of traffic-related air pollutants on respiratory diseases. The model estimates annual average outdoor concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and elemental carbon (EC). The model is composed of three nested plume dis...

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Published in	Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology Vol. 23; no. 5; pp. 487 - 497
Main Authors	Kanda, Isao, Ohara, Toshimasa, Nataami, Taro, Nitta, Hiroshi, Tamura, Kenji, Hasegawa, Shuichi, Shima, Masayuki, Nakai, Satoshi, Sakamoto, Kazuhiko, Yokota, Hisashi
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.09.2013 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects	692/700/478/174 704/172 Air Pollution Emission measurements Emissions Environmental aspects Environmental Exposure Epidemiology Estimates Freeways Health aspects Humans Japan Local government Measuring instruments Medicine Medicine & Public Health Models, Theoretical Nitrogen oxides original-article Photochemicals Pollutants Respiratory diseases Risk factors Roads Roads & highways Roadsides Shape effects Spatial discrimination Spatial resolution Traffic Traffic models Traffic signals Vehicle Emissions Japan exposure modeling particulate matter environmental monitoring criteria pollutants
Online Access	Get full text
ISSN	1559-0631 1559-064X 1559-064X
DOI	10.1038/jes.2013.29

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Abstract	We developed an exposure estimation model for an epidemiological study on the effect of traffic-related air pollutants on respiratory diseases. The model estimates annual average outdoor concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and elemental carbon (EC). The model is composed of three nested plume dispersion type submodels treating different spatial scales from a few meters to tens of kilometers. The emissions from road traffic was estimated at high spatial resolution along the paths of roads taking into account the effects of individual building shape and traffic signals to secure accuracy near trunk roads where most of the subjects of the epidemiological study resided. Model performance was confirmed by field measurements at permanent local government stations and purpose-built temporary stations; the latter supplemented roadside monitoring points and provided EC concentrations, which are not measured routinely. We infer that EC emissions were underestimated by using the available database because there were significant contributions to EC concentrations from sources that did not emit much NOx. An adjustment concentration yielded good agreement between model estimates and field measurements.
AbstractList	We developed an exposure estimation model for an epidemiological study on the effect of traffic-related air pollutants on respiratory diseases. The model estimates annual average outdoor concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and elemental carbon (EC). The model is composed of three nested plume dispersion type submodels treating different spatial scales from a few meters to tens of kilometers. The emissions from road traffic was estimated at high spatial resolution along the paths of roads taking into account the effects of individual building shape and traffic signals to secure accuracy near trunk roads where most of the subjects of the epidemiological study resided. Model performance was confirmed by field measurements at permanent local government stations and purpose-built temporary stations; the latter supplemented roadside monitoring points and provided EC concentrations, which are not measured routinely. We infer that EC emissions were underestimated by using the available database because there were significant contributions to EC concentrations from sources that did not emit much NOx. An adjustment concentration yielded good agreement between model estimates and field measurements. We developed an exposure estimation model for an epidemiological study on the effect of traffic-related air pollutants on respiratory diseases. The model estimates annual average outdoor concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and elemental carbon (EC). The model is composed of three nested plume dispersion type submodels treating different spatial scales from a few meters to tens of kilometers. The emissions from road traffic was estimated at high spatial resolution along the paths of roads taking into account the effects of individual building shape and traffic signals to secure accuracy near trunk roads where most of the subjects of the epidemiological study resided. Model performance was confirmed by field measurements at permanent local government stations and purpose-built temporary stations; the latter supplemented roadside monitoring points and provided EC concentrations, which are not measured routinely. We infer that EC emissions were underestimated by using the available database because there were significant contributions to EC concentrations from sources that did not emit much NOx. An adjustment concentration yielded good agreement between model estimates and field measurements. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2013) 23, 487-497; doi: 10.1038/jes.2013.29; published online 29 May 2013 Keywords: exposure modeling; environmental monitoring; criteria pollutants; particulate matter We developed an exposure estimation model for an epidemiological study on the effect of traffic-related air pollutants on respiratory diseases. The model estimates annual average outdoor concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and elemental carbon (EC). The model is composed of three nested plume dispersion type submodels treating different spatial scales from a few meters to tens of kilometers. The emissions from road traffic was estimated at high spatial resolution along the paths of roads taking into account the effects of individual building shape and traffic signals to secure accuracy near trunk roads where most of the subjects of the epidemiological study resided. Model performance was confirmed by field measurements at permanent local government stations and purpose-built temporary stations; the latter supplemented roadside monitoring points and provided EC concentrations, which are not measured routinely. We infer that EC emissions were underestimated by using the available database because there were significant contributions to EC concentrations from sources that did not emit much NOx. An adjustment concentration yielded good agreement between model estimates and field measurements.We developed an exposure estimation model for an epidemiological study on the effect of traffic-related air pollutants on respiratory diseases. The model estimates annual average outdoor concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and elemental carbon (EC). The model is composed of three nested plume dispersion type submodels treating different spatial scales from a few meters to tens of kilometers. The emissions from road traffic was estimated at high spatial resolution along the paths of roads taking into account the effects of individual building shape and traffic signals to secure accuracy near trunk roads where most of the subjects of the epidemiological study resided. Model performance was confirmed by field measurements at permanent local government stations and purpose-built temporary stations; the latter supplemented roadside monitoring points and provided EC concentrations, which are not measured routinely. We infer that EC emissions were underestimated by using the available database because there were significant contributions to EC concentrations from sources that did not emit much NOx. An adjustment concentration yielded good agreement between model estimates and field measurements.
Audience	Academic
Author	Yokota, Hisashi Sakamoto, Kazuhiko Hasegawa, Shuichi Nataami, Taro Kanda, Isao Nitta, Hiroshi Ohara, Toshimasa Tamura, Kenji Nakai, Satoshi Shima, Masayuki
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Isao surname: Kanda fullname: Kanda, Isao organization: Ehime University – sequence: 2 givenname: Toshimasa surname: Ohara fullname: Ohara, Toshimasa email: tohara@nies.go.jp organization: National Institute for Environmental Studies – sequence: 3 givenname: Taro surname: Nataami fullname: Nataami, Taro organization: HAO Engineering Consultant Office – sequence: 4 givenname: Hiroshi surname: Nitta fullname: Nitta, Hiroshi organization: National Institute for Environmental Studies – sequence: 5 givenname: Kenji surname: Tamura fullname: Tamura, Kenji organization: National Institute for Environmental Studies – sequence: 6 givenname: Shuichi surname: Hasegawa fullname: Hasegawa, Shuichi organization: Center for Environmental Science in Saitama – sequence: 7 givenname: Masayuki surname: Shima fullname: Shima, Masayuki organization: Hyogo College of Medicine – sequence: 8 givenname: Satoshi surname: Nakai fullname: Nakai, Satoshi organization: Yokohama National University – sequence: 9 givenname: Kazuhiko surname: Sakamoto fullname: Sakamoto, Kazuhiko organization: Center for Environmental Science in Saitama – sequence: 10 givenname: Hisashi surname: Yokota fullname: Yokota, Hisashi organization: Tokyo Metropolitan Research Institute
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Snippet	We developed an exposure estimation model for an epidemiological study on the effect of traffic-related air pollutants on respiratory diseases. The model...
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SubjectTerms	692/700/478/174 704/172 Air Pollution Emission measurements Emissions Environmental aspects Environmental Exposure Epidemiology Estimates Freeways Health aspects Humans Japan Local government Measuring instruments Medicine Medicine & Public Health Models, Theoretical Nitrogen oxides original-article Photochemicals Pollutants Respiratory diseases Risk factors Roads Roads & highways Roadsides Shape effects Spatial discrimination Spatial resolution Traffic Traffic models Traffic signals Vehicle Emissions
Title	Development of outdoor exposure model of traffic-related air pollution for epidemiologic research in Japan
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