Neurohumoral responses during prolonged exercise in humans
1 Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences, August Krogh Institute, and Departments of 3 Infection Diseases and 4 Anesthesia, Rigshospitalet, The Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; and 2 University College of Phys...
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| Published in | JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY Vol. 95; no. 3; pp. 1125 - 1131 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article Publication |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Bethesda, MD
Am Physiological Soc
01.09.2003
American Physiological Society |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 8750-7587 1522-1601 1522-1601 |
| DOI | 10.1152/japplphysiol.00241.2003 |
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| Abstract | 1 Department of Human Physiology, Institute of
Exercise and Sport Sciences, August Krogh Institute, and Departments of
3 Infection Diseases and
4 Anesthesia, Rigshospitalet, The Copenhagen Muscle
Research Center, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; and
2 University College of Physical Education and Sports
and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77
Stockholm, Sweden
Submitted 7 March 2003
; accepted in final form 27 April 2003
This study examined neurohumoral alterations during prolonged exercise with
and without hyperthermia. The cerebral oxygen-to-carbohydrate uptake ratio
(O 2 /CHO = arteriovenous oxygen difference divided by arteriovenous
glucose difference plus one-half lactate), the cerebral balances of dopamine,
and the metabolic precursor of serotonin, tryptophan, were evaluated in eight
endurance-trained subjects during exercise randomized to be with or without
hyperthermia. The core temperature stabilized at 37.9 ± 0.1°C (mean
± SE) in the control trial, whereas it increased to 39.7 ±
0.2°C in the hyperthermic trial, with a concomitant increase in perceived
exertion ( P < 0.05). At rest, the brain had a small release of
tryptophan (arteriovenous difference of -1.2 ± 0.3 µmol/l), whereas
a net balance was obtained during the two exercise trials. Both the arterial
and jugular venous dopamine levels became elevated during the hyperthermic
trial, but the net release from the brain was unchanged. During exercise, the
O 2 /CHO was similar across trials, but, during recovery from the
hyperthermic trial, the ratio decreased to 3.8 ± 0.3 ( P <
0.05), whereas it returned to the baseline level of 6 within 5 min after
the control trial. The lowering of O 2 /CHO was established by an
increased arteriovenous glucose difference (1.1 ± 0.1 mmol/l during
recovery from hyperthermia vs. 0.7 ± 0.1 mmol/l in control; P
< 0.05). The present findings indicate that the brain has an increased need
for carbohydrates during recovery from strenuous exercise, whereas enhanced
perception of effort as observed during exercise with hyperthermia was not
related to alterations in the cerebral balances of dopamine or tryptophan.
brain; dopamine; hyperthermia; tryptophan
Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: L. Nybo, Dept. of Human
Physiology, Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences, August Krogh Institute,
Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark (E-mail:
lnnielsen{at}aki.ku.dk ). |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | This study examined neurohumoral alterations during prolonged exercise with and without hyperthermia. The cerebral oxygen-to-carbohydrate uptake ratio (O
2
/CHO = arteriovenous oxygen difference divided by arteriovenous glucose difference plus one-half lactate), the cerebral balances of dopamine, and the metabolic precursor of serotonin, tryptophan, were evaluated in eight endurance-trained subjects during exercise randomized to be with or without hyperthermia. The core temperature stabilized at 37.9 ± 0.1°C (mean ± SE) in the control trial, whereas it increased to 39.7 ± 0.2°C in the hyperthermic trial, with a concomitant increase in perceived exertion ( P < 0.05). At rest, the brain had a small release of tryptophan (arteriovenous difference of -1.2 ± 0.3 μmol/l), whereas a net balance was obtained during the two exercise trials. Both the arterial and jugular venous dopamine levels became elevated during the hyperthermic trial, but the net release from the brain was unchanged. During exercise, the O
2
/CHO was similar across trials, but, during recovery from the hyperthermic trial, the ratio decreased to 3.8 ± 0.3 ( P < 0.05), whereas it returned to the baseline level of ∼6 within 5 min after the control trial. The lowering of O
2
/CHO was established by an increased arteriovenous glucose difference (1.1 ± 0.1 mmol/l during recovery from hyperthermia vs. 0.7 ± 0.1 mmol/l in control; P < 0.05). The present findings indicate that the brain has an increased need for carbohydrates during recovery from strenuous exercise, whereas enhanced perception of effort as observed during exercise with hyperthermia was not related to alterations in the cerebral balances of dopamine or tryptophan. This study examined neurohumoral alterations during prolonged exercise with and without hyperthermia. The cerebral oxygen-to-carbohydrate uptake ratio (O2/CHO = arteriovenous oxygen difference divided by arteriovenous glucose difference plus one-half lactate), the cerebral balances of dopamine, and the metabolic precursor of serotonin, tryptophan, were evaluated in eight endurance-trained subjects during exercise randomized to be with or without hyperthermia. The core temperature stabilized at 37.9 +/- 0.1 degrees C (mean +/- SE) in the control trial, whereas it increased to 39.7 +/- 0.2 degrees C in the hyperthermic trial, with a concomitant increase in perceived exertion (P < 0.05). At rest, the brain had a small release of tryptophan (arteriovenous difference of -1.2 +/- 0.3 micromol/l), whereas a net balance was obtained during the two exercise trials. Both the arterial and jugular venous dopamine levels became elevated during the hyperthermic trial, but the net release from the brain was unchanged. During exercise, the O2/CHO was similar across trials, but, during recovery from the hyperthermic trial, the ratio decreased to 3.8 +/- 0.3 (P < 0.05), whereas it returned to the baseline level of approximately 6 within 5 min after the control trial. The lowering of O2/CHO was established by an increased arteriovenous glucose difference (1.1 +/- 0.1 mmol/l during recovery from hyperthermia vs. 0.7 +/- 0.1 mmol/l in control; P < 0.05). The present findings indicate that the brain has an increased need for carbohydrates during recovery from strenuous exercise, whereas enhanced perception of effort as observed during exercise with hyperthermia was not related to alterations in the cerebral balances of dopamine or tryptophan. This study examined neurohumoral alterations during prolonged exercise with and without hyperthermia. The cerebral oxygen-to-carbohydrate uptake ratio (O2/CHO = arteriovenous oxygen difference divided by arteriovenous glucose difference plus one-half lactate), the cerebral balances of dopamine, and the metabolic precursor of serotonin, tryptophan, were evaluated in eight endurance-trained subjects during exercise randomized to be with or without hyperthermia. The core temperature stabilized at 37.9 +/- 0.1 degrees C (mean +/- SE) in the control trial, whereas it increased to 39.7 +/- 0.2 degrees C in the hyperthermic trial, with a concomitant increase in perceived exertion (P < 0.05). At rest, the brain had a small release of tryptophan (arteriovenous difference of -1.2 +/- 0.3 micro mol/l), whereas a net balance was obtained during the two exercise trials. Both the arterial and jugular venous dopamine levels became elevated during the hyperthermic trial, but the net release from the brain was unchanged. During exercise, the O2/CHO was similar across trials, but, during recovery from the hyperthermic trial, the ratio decreased to 3.8 +/- 0.3 (P < 0.05), whereas it returned to the baseline level of approximately 6 within 5 min after the control trial. The lowering of O2/CHO was established by an increased arteriovenous glucose difference (1.1 +/- 0.1 mmol/l during recovery from hyperthermia vs. 0.7 +/- 0.1 mmol/l in control; P < 0.05). The present findings indicate that the brain has an increased need for carbohydrates during recovery from strenuous exercise, whereas enhanced perception of effort as observed during exercise with hyperthermia was not related to alterations in the cerebral balances of dopamine or tryptophan. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] This study examined neurohumoral alterations during prolonged exercise with and without hyperthermia. The cerebral oxygen-to-carbohydrate uptake ratio (O sub(2)/CHO = arteriovenous oxygen difference divided by arteriovenous glucose difference plus one-half lactate), the cerebral balances of dopamine, and the metabolic precursor of serotonin, tryptophan, were evaluated in eight endurance-trained subjects during exercise randomized to be with or without hyperthermia. The core temperature stabilized at 37.9 plus or minus 0.1 degree C (mean plus or minus SE) in the control trial, whereas it increased to 39.7 plus or minus 0.2 degree C in the hyperthermic trial, with a concomitant increase in perceived exertion (P < 0.05). At rest, the brain had a small release of tryptophan (arteriovenous difference of -1.2 plus or minus 0.3 mu mol/l), whereas a net balance was obtained during the two exercise trials. Both the arterial and jugular venous dopamine levels became elevated during the hyperthermic trial, but the net release from the brain was unchanged. During exercise, the O sub(2)/CHO was similar across trials, but, during recovery from the hyperthermic trial, the ratio decreased to 3.8 plus or minus 0.3 (P < 0.05), whereas it returned to the baseline level of approximately 6 within 5 min after the control trial. The lowering of O sub(2)/CHO was established by an increased arteriovenous glucose difference (1.1 plus or minus 0.1 mmol/l during recovery from hyperthermia vs. 0.7 plus or minus 0.1 mmol/l in control; P < 0.05). The present findings indicate that the brain has an increased need for carbohydrates during recovery from strenuous exercise, whereas enhanced perception of effort as observed during exercise with hyperthermia was not related to alterations in the cerebral balances of dopamine or tryptophan. 1 Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences, August Krogh Institute, and Departments of 3 Infection Diseases and 4 Anesthesia, Rigshospitalet, The Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; and 2 University College of Physical Education and Sports and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden Submitted 7 March 2003 ; accepted in final form 27 April 2003 This study examined neurohumoral alterations during prolonged exercise with and without hyperthermia. The cerebral oxygen-to-carbohydrate uptake ratio (O 2 /CHO = arteriovenous oxygen difference divided by arteriovenous glucose difference plus one-half lactate), the cerebral balances of dopamine, and the metabolic precursor of serotonin, tryptophan, were evaluated in eight endurance-trained subjects during exercise randomized to be with or without hyperthermia. The core temperature stabilized at 37.9 ± 0.1°C (mean ± SE) in the control trial, whereas it increased to 39.7 ± 0.2°C in the hyperthermic trial, with a concomitant increase in perceived exertion ( P < 0.05). At rest, the brain had a small release of tryptophan (arteriovenous difference of -1.2 ± 0.3 µmol/l), whereas a net balance was obtained during the two exercise trials. Both the arterial and jugular venous dopamine levels became elevated during the hyperthermic trial, but the net release from the brain was unchanged. During exercise, the O 2 /CHO was similar across trials, but, during recovery from the hyperthermic trial, the ratio decreased to 3.8 ± 0.3 ( P < 0.05), whereas it returned to the baseline level of 6 within 5 min after the control trial. The lowering of O 2 /CHO was established by an increased arteriovenous glucose difference (1.1 ± 0.1 mmol/l during recovery from hyperthermia vs. 0.7 ± 0.1 mmol/l in control; P < 0.05). The present findings indicate that the brain has an increased need for carbohydrates during recovery from strenuous exercise, whereas enhanced perception of effort as observed during exercise with hyperthermia was not related to alterations in the cerebral balances of dopamine or tryptophan. brain; dopamine; hyperthermia; tryptophan Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: L. Nybo, Dept. of Human Physiology, Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences, August Krogh Institute, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark (E-mail: lnnielsen{at}aki.ku.dk ). This study examined neurohumoral alterations during prolonged exercise with and without hyperthermia. The cerebral oxygen-to-carbohydrate uptake ratio (O2/CHO = arteriovenous oxygen difference divided by arteriovenous glucose difference plus one-half lactate), the cerebral balances of dopamine, and the metabolic precursor of serotonin, tryptophan, were evaluated in eight endurance-trained subjects during exercise randomized to be with or without hyperthermia. The core temperature stabilized at 37.9 +/- 0.1 degrees C (mean +/- SE) in the control trial, whereas it increased to 39.7 +/- 0.2 degrees C in the hyperthermic trial, with a concomitant increase in perceived exertion (P < 0.05). At rest, the brain had a small release of tryptophan (arteriovenous difference of -1.2 +/- 0.3 micromol/l), whereas a net balance was obtained during the two exercise trials. Both the arterial and jugular venous dopamine levels became elevated during the hyperthermic trial, but the net release from the brain was unchanged. During exercise, the O2/CHO was similar across trials, but, during recovery from the hyperthermic trial, the ratio decreased to 3.8 +/- 0.3 (P < 0.05), whereas it returned to the baseline level of approximately 6 within 5 min after the control trial. The lowering of O2/CHO was established by an increased arteriovenous glucose difference (1.1 +/- 0.1 mmol/l during recovery from hyperthermia vs. 0.7 +/- 0.1 mmol/l in control; P < 0.05). The present findings indicate that the brain has an increased need for carbohydrates during recovery from strenuous exercise, whereas enhanced perception of effort as observed during exercise with hyperthermia was not related to alterations in the cerebral balances of dopamine or tryptophan.This study examined neurohumoral alterations during prolonged exercise with and without hyperthermia. The cerebral oxygen-to-carbohydrate uptake ratio (O2/CHO = arteriovenous oxygen difference divided by arteriovenous glucose difference plus one-half lactate), the cerebral balances of dopamine, and the metabolic precursor of serotonin, tryptophan, were evaluated in eight endurance-trained subjects during exercise randomized to be with or without hyperthermia. The core temperature stabilized at 37.9 +/- 0.1 degrees C (mean +/- SE) in the control trial, whereas it increased to 39.7 +/- 0.2 degrees C in the hyperthermic trial, with a concomitant increase in perceived exertion (P < 0.05). At rest, the brain had a small release of tryptophan (arteriovenous difference of -1.2 +/- 0.3 micromol/l), whereas a net balance was obtained during the two exercise trials. Both the arterial and jugular venous dopamine levels became elevated during the hyperthermic trial, but the net release from the brain was unchanged. During exercise, the O2/CHO was similar across trials, but, during recovery from the hyperthermic trial, the ratio decreased to 3.8 +/- 0.3 (P < 0.05), whereas it returned to the baseline level of approximately 6 within 5 min after the control trial. The lowering of O2/CHO was established by an increased arteriovenous glucose difference (1.1 +/- 0.1 mmol/l during recovery from hyperthermia vs. 0.7 +/- 0.1 mmol/l in control; P < 0.05). The present findings indicate that the brain has an increased need for carbohydrates during recovery from strenuous exercise, whereas enhanced perception of effort as observed during exercise with hyperthermia was not related to alterations in the cerebral balances of dopamine or tryptophan. This study examined neurohumoral alterations during prolonged exercise with and without hyperthermia. The cerebral oxygen-to-carbohydrate uptake ratio (O2/CHO = arteriovenous oxygen difference divided by arteriovenous glucose difference plus one-half lactate), the cerebral balances of dopamine, and the metabolic precursor of serotonin, tryptophan, were evaluated in eight endurance-trained subjects during exercise randomized to be with or without hyperthermia. The core temperature stabilized at 37.9 +/- 0.1 degrees C (mean +/- SE) in the control trial, whereas it increased to 39.7 +/- 0.2 degrees C in the hyperthermic trial, with a concomitant increase in perceived exertion (P < 0.05). At rest, the brain had a small release of tryptophan (arteriovenous difference of -1.2 +/- 0.3 micromol/l), whereas a net balance was obtained during the two exercise trials. Both the arterial and jugular venous dopamine levels became elevated during the hyperthermic trial, but the net release from the brain was unchanged. During exercise, the O2/CHO was similar across trials, but, during recovery from the hyperthermic trial, the ratio decreased to 3.8 +/- 0.3 (P < 0.05), whereas it returned to the baseline level of approximately 6 within 5 min after the control trial. The lowering of O2/CHO was established by an increased arteriovenous glucose difference (1.1 +/- 0.1 mmol/l during recovery from hyperthermia vs. 0.7 +/- 0.1 mmol/l in control; P < 0.05). The present findings indicate that the brain has an increased need for carbohydrates during recovery from strenuous exercise, whereas enhanced perception of effort as observed during exercise with hyperthermia was not related to alterations in the cerebral balances of dopamine or tryptophan. |
| Author | Nielsen, Bodil Nybo, Lars Blomstrand, Eva Moller, Kirsten Secher, Niels |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Nybo, Lars – sequence: 2 fullname: Nielsen, Bodil – sequence: 3 fullname: Blomstrand, Eva – sequence: 4 fullname: Moller, Kirsten – sequence: 5 fullname: Secher, Niels |
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| Keywords | Physical exercise Human Dopamine Body temperature Central nervous system Bicycle ergometer Neuroendocrine regulation Tryptophan Catecholamine brain Recovery Encephalon Aminoacid Dopamine agonist Neurotransmitter Hyperthermia Prolonged |
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| Snippet | 1 Department of Human Physiology, Institute of
Exercise and Sport Sciences, August Krogh Institute, and Departments of
3 Infection Diseases and
4 Anesthesia,... This study examined neurohumoral alterations during prolonged exercise with and without hyperthermia. The cerebral oxygen-to-carbohydrate uptake ratio (O 2... This study examined neurohumoral alterations during prolonged exercise with and without hyperthermia. The cerebral oxygen-to-carbohydrate uptake ratio (O2/CHO... This study examined neurohumoral alterations during prolonged exercise with and without hyperthermia. The cerebral oxygen-to-carbohydrate uptake ratio (O... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Biological and medical sciences Blood Gas Analysis Blood Glucose - metabolism Body Temperature - physiology Brain Brain Chemistry - physiology Carbohydrates Cerebrovascular Circulation Dietary Carbohydrates - metabolism Dopamine - metabolism Exercise Exercise - physiology Exercise Test Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Fysiologi Fysiologi och farmakologi Human subjects Humans Male MEDICIN MEDICINE Muscle Fatigue - physiology Neurotransmitter Agents - metabolism Oxygen Consumption - physiology Physiology Physiology and pharmacology Temperature Tryptophan - metabolism Tyrosine - metabolism Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports |
| Title | Neurohumoral responses during prolonged exercise in humans |
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