Rapid microwave-assisted transesterification of yellow horn oil to biodiesel using a heteropolyacid solid catalyst

An efficient microwave-assisted transesterification (MAT) technique was developed to prepare biodiesel from yellow horn ( Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.) oil with a heteropolyacid (HPA) catalyst namely Cs 2.5H 0.5PW 12O 40. A study for optimizing the reaction conditions such as reaction temperature,...

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Published in	Bioresource technology Vol. 101; no. 3; pp. 931 - 936
Main Authors	Zhang, Su, Zu, Yuan-Gang, Fu, Yu-Jie, Luo, Meng, Zhang, Dong-Yang, Efferth, Thomas
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.02.2010 [New York, NY]: Elsevier Ltd Elsevier
Subjects	Biodiesel Biofuel production Biofuels Biological and medical sciences Biotechnology Biotechnology - methods Catalysis Catalysts cesium cesium salt of 12-tungstophosphoric acid cesium salt of dodecatungstophosphoric acid chemistry Energy Energy-Generating Resources enzymology Esters Esters - chemistry fatty acid esters fatty acid methyl esters Fatty Acids Fatty Acids - chemistry Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Heteropolyacid Horns Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects Methanol Methanol - chemistry methanolysis methods Methyl alcohol microwave radiation Microwave-assisted Microwaves Oils Oils - chemistry Optimization phosphoric acid physical properties physicochemical properties Plant Oils Plant Oils - chemistry renewable energy sources Sapindaceae Sapindaceae - enzymology seed oils Temperature Time Factors Transesterification tungsten Xanthoceras sorbifolia Yellow horn Heteropolyacid Microwave-assisted Transesterification Biodiesel Yellow horn Microwave Catalyst
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Abstract	An efficient microwave-assisted transesterification (MAT) technique was developed to prepare biodiesel from yellow horn ( Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.) oil with a heteropolyacid (HPA) catalyst namely Cs 2.5H 0.5PW 12O 40. A study for optimizing the reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, time, molar ratio of methanol/oil, catalyst amount, and recycle number of catalyst has been performed. The maximum yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) reached 96.22% under optimal conditions of temperature 60 °C, 10 min, molar ratio of methanol/oil 12:1, 1% (w/w of oil) catalyst and minimum recycle number nine times. The final product of biodiesel, obtained after the new catalyzed process, was analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that the Cs 2.5H 0.5PW 12O 40 heterogeneous acid catalyst had higher efficiency for transesterification under microwave irradiation compared with the conventional method. The product properties of yellow horn biodiesel are found to be in agreement with EN 14214 standard.
AbstractList	An efficient microwave-assisted transesterification (MAT) technique was developed to prepare biodiesel from yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.) oil with a heteropolyacid (HPA) catalyst namely Cs₂.₅H₀.₅PW₁₂O₄₀. A study for optimizing the reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, time, molar ratio of methanol/oil, catalyst amount, and recycle number of catalyst has been performed. The maximum yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) reached 96.22% under optimal conditions of temperature 60°C, 10min, molar ratio of methanol/oil 12:1, 1% (w/w of oil) catalyst and minimum recycle number nine times. The final product of biodiesel, obtained after the new catalyzed process, was analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that the Cs₂.₅H₀.₅PW₁₂O₄₀ heterogeneous acid catalyst had higher efficiency for transesterification under microwave irradiation compared with the conventional method. The product properties of yellow horn biodiesel are found to be in agreement with EN 14214 standard. An efficient microwave-assisted transesterification (MAT) technique was developed to prepare biodiesel from yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.) oil with a heteropolyacid (HPA) catalyst namely Cs sub(2.5H) sub(0).5PW sub(12O) sub(4)0. A study for optimizing the reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, time, molar ratio of methanol/oil, catalyst amount, and recycle number of catalyst has been performed. The maximum yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) reached 96.22% under optimal conditions of temperature 60 degree C, 10 min, molar ratio of methanol/oil 12:1, 1% (w/w of oil) catalyst and minimum recycle number nine times. The final product of biodiesel, obtained after the new catalyzed process, was analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that the Cs sub(2.5H) sub(0).5PW sub(12O) sub(4)0 heterogeneous acid catalyst had higher efficiency for transesterification under microwave irradiation compared with the conventional method. The product properties of yellow horn biodiesel are found to be in agreement with EN 14214 standard. An efficient microwave-assisted transesterification (MAT) technique was developed to prepare biodiesel from yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.) oil with a heteropolyacid (HPA) catalyst namely Cs sub(2.5)H sub(0.5)PW sub(12)O sub(40). A study for optimizing the reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, time, molar ratio of methanol/oil, catalyst amount, and recycle number of catalyst has been performed. The maximum yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) reached 96.22% under optimal conditions of temperature 60 degree C, 10 min, molar ratio of methanol/oil 12:1, 1% (w/w of oil) catalyst and minimum recycle number nine times. The final product of biodiesel, obtained after the new catalyzed process, was analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that the Cs sub(2.5)H sub(0.5)PW sub(12)O sub(40) heterogeneous acid catalyst had higher efficiency for transesterification under microwave irradiation compared with the conventional method. The product properties of yellow horn biodiesel are found to be in agreement with EN 14214 standard. An efficient microwave-assisted transesterification (MAT) technique was developed to prepare biodiesel from yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.) oil with a heteropolyacid (HPA) catalyst namely Cs(2.5)H(0.5)PW(12)O(40). A study for optimizing the reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, time, molar ratio of methanol/oil, catalyst amount, and recycle number of catalyst has been performed. The maximum yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) reached 96.22% under optimal conditions of temperature 60 degrees C, 10 min, molar ratio of methanol/oil 12:1, 1% (w/w of oil) catalyst and minimum recycle number nine times. The final product of biodiesel, obtained after the new catalyzed process, was analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that the Cs(2.5)H(0.5)PW(12)O(40) heterogeneous acid catalyst had higher efficiency for transesterification under microwave irradiation compared with the conventional method. The product properties of yellow horn biodiesel are found to be in agreement with EN 14214 standard.An efficient microwave-assisted transesterification (MAT) technique was developed to prepare biodiesel from yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.) oil with a heteropolyacid (HPA) catalyst namely Cs(2.5)H(0.5)PW(12)O(40). A study for optimizing the reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, time, molar ratio of methanol/oil, catalyst amount, and recycle number of catalyst has been performed. The maximum yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) reached 96.22% under optimal conditions of temperature 60 degrees C, 10 min, molar ratio of methanol/oil 12:1, 1% (w/w of oil) catalyst and minimum recycle number nine times. The final product of biodiesel, obtained after the new catalyzed process, was analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that the Cs(2.5)H(0.5)PW(12)O(40) heterogeneous acid catalyst had higher efficiency for transesterification under microwave irradiation compared with the conventional method. The product properties of yellow horn biodiesel are found to be in agreement with EN 14214 standard. An efficient microwave-assisted transesterification (MAT) technique was developed to prepare biodiesel from yellow horn ( Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.) oil with a heteropolyacid (HPA) catalyst namely Cs 2.5H 0.5PW 12O 40. A study for optimizing the reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, time, molar ratio of methanol/oil, catalyst amount, and recycle number of catalyst has been performed. The maximum yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) reached 96.22% under optimal conditions of temperature 60 °C, 10 min, molar ratio of methanol/oil 12:1, 1% (w/w of oil) catalyst and minimum recycle number nine times. The final product of biodiesel, obtained after the new catalyzed process, was analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that the Cs 2.5H 0.5PW 12O 40 heterogeneous acid catalyst had higher efficiency for transesterification under microwave irradiation compared with the conventional method. The product properties of yellow horn biodiesel are found to be in agreement with EN 14214 standard. An efficient microwave-assisted transesterification (MAT) technique was developed to prepare biodiesel from yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.) oil with a heteropolyacid (HPA) catalyst namely Cs(2.5)H(0.5)PW(12)O(40). A study for optimizing the reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, time, molar ratio of methanol/oil, catalyst amount, and recycle number of catalyst has been performed. The maximum yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) reached 96.22% under optimal conditions of temperature 60 degrees C, 10 min, molar ratio of methanol/oil 12:1, 1% (w/w of oil) catalyst and minimum recycle number nine times. The final product of biodiesel, obtained after the new catalyzed process, was analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that the Cs(2.5)H(0.5)PW(12)O(40) heterogeneous acid catalyst had higher efficiency for transesterification under microwave irradiation compared with the conventional method. The product properties of yellow horn biodiesel are found to be in agreement with EN 14214 standard.
Author	Zhang, Su Luo, Meng Fu, Yu-Jie Zhang, Dong-Yang Efferth, Thomas Zu, Yuan-Gang
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Su surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Su organization: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China – sequence: 2 givenname: Yuan-Gang surname: Zu fullname: Zu, Yuan-Gang organization: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China – sequence: 3 givenname: Yu-Jie surname: Fu fullname: Fu, Yu-Jie email: yujie_fu2002@yahoo.com organization: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China – sequence: 4 givenname: Meng surname: Luo fullname: Luo, Meng organization: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China – sequence: 5 givenname: Dong-Yang surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Dong-Yang organization: Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China – sequence: 6 givenname: Thomas surname: Efferth fullname: Efferth, Thomas organization: German Cancer Research Center, Pharmaceutical Biology (C015), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Keywords	Heteropolyacid Microwave-assisted Transesterification Biodiesel Yellow horn Microwave Catalyst
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Snippet	An efficient microwave-assisted transesterification (MAT) technique was developed to prepare biodiesel from yellow horn ( Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.) oil... An efficient microwave-assisted transesterification (MAT) technique was developed to prepare biodiesel from yellow horn (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.) oil...
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SubjectTerms	Biodiesel Biofuel production Biofuels Biological and medical sciences Biotechnology Biotechnology - methods Catalysis Catalysts cesium cesium salt of 12-tungstophosphoric acid cesium salt of dodecatungstophosphoric acid chemistry Energy Energy-Generating Resources enzymology Esters Esters - chemistry fatty acid esters fatty acid methyl esters Fatty Acids Fatty Acids - chemistry Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Heteropolyacid Horns Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects Methanol Methanol - chemistry methanolysis methods Methyl alcohol microwave radiation Microwave-assisted Microwaves Oils Oils - chemistry Optimization phosphoric acid physical properties physicochemical properties Plant Oils Plant Oils - chemistry renewable energy sources Sapindaceae Sapindaceae - enzymology seed oils Temperature Time Factors Transesterification tungsten Xanthoceras sorbifolia Yellow horn
Title	Rapid microwave-assisted transesterification of yellow horn oil to biodiesel using a heteropolyacid solid catalyst
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