Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Responses of Young Tomato Plants (cv. Micro-Tom) to Single and Combined Mild Nitrogen and Water Deficit: Not the Sum of the Parts

• Published in: Antioxidants Vol. 12; no. 2; p. 375
• Main Authors: Machado, Joana, Vasconcelos, Marta W., Soares, Cristiano, Fidalgo, Fernanda, Heuvelink, Ep, Carvalho, Susana M. P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 04.02.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Agricultural production; Anthocyanins; Antioxidants; ascorbate peroxidase; Ascorbic acid; biomarkers; Catalase; combined abiotic stresses; enzymatic components; Enzymes; Experiments; Flavonoids; Gene expression; Homeostasis; Hydrogen peroxide; L-Ascorbate peroxidase; Lignin; Lipid peroxidation; Metabolism; Metabolites; Micro-Tom cv; Nitrogen; non-enzymatic components; Oxidation; oxidative stress biomarkers; Physiological aspects; Physiology; Salinity; Seedlings; superoxide dismutase; Tomatoes; Water shortages; Netherlands; combined abiotic stresses; non-enzymatic components; enzymatic components; oxidative stress biomarkers; Micro-Tom cv
• DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020375
• ISSN: 2076-3921

This study aims to perform a broad analysis of the antioxidant (AOX) responses of young tomato plants exposed to single and combined mild nitrogen (N) and water deficits through the evaluation of oxidative biomarkers, non-enzymatic and enzymatic AOX components. ‘Micro-Tom’ seedlings were subjected to four treatments: control (CTR; 100%N + 100%W), N deficit (N; 50%N), water deficit (W; 50%W), and combined deficits (N + W; 50%N + 50%W). An enhancement of several non-enzymatic and enzymatic components was found in plants subjected to N + W deficit, which presented higher anthocyanins accumulation (up to 103%) as well as higher levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) transcripts at root level and of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) transcripts at shoot level. This increase in the gene expression was also translated in augmented SOD (up to 202%), APX (up to 155%) and CAT (up to 108%) activity compared to CTR plants and the single deficits. Overall, tomato plants were able to employ defense strategies to cope with this combined deficit, as demonstrated by the higher total AOX capacity (up to 87%) compared to the single deficits, which contributed to the maintenance of their redox homeostasis, with unchanged values of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide compared with CTR plants.