rRNA Operon Copy Number Reflects Ecological Strategies of Bacteria
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| Published in | Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 66; no. 4; pp. 1328 - 1333 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Washington, DC
American Society for Microbiology
01.04.2000
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| AbstractList | Although natural selection appears to favor the elimination of gene redundancy in prokaryotes, multiple copies of each rRNA-encoding gene are common on bacterial chromosomes. Despite this conspicuous deviation from single-copy genes, no phenotype has been consistently associated with rRNA gene copy number. We found that the number of rRNA genes correlates with the rate at which phylogenetically diverse bacteria respond to resource availability. Soil bacteria that formed colonies rapidly upon exposure to a nutritionally complex medium contained an average of 5.5 copies of the small subunit rRNA gene, whereas bacteria that responded slowly contained an average of 1.4 copies. In soil microcosms pulsed with the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), indigenous populations of 2,4-D-degrading bacteria with multiple rRNA genes (
x̄
= 5.4) became dominant, whereas populations with fewer rRNA genes (
x̄
= 2.7) were favored in unamended controls. These findings demonstrate phenotypic effects associated with rRNA gene copy number that are indicative of ecological strategies influencing the structure of natural microbial communities. Although natural selection appears to favor the elimination of gene redundancy in prokaryotes, multiple copies of each rRNA-encoding gene are common on bacterial chromosomes. Despite this conspicuous deviation from single-copy genes, no phenotype has been consistently associated with rRNA gene copy number. ABSTRACT Although natural selection appears to favor the elimination of gene redundancy in prokaryotes, multiple copies of each rRNA-encoding gene are common on bacterial chromosomes. Despite this conspicuous deviation from single-copy genes, no phenotype has been consistently associated with rRNA gene copy number. We found that the number of rRNA genes correlates with the rate at which phylogenetically diverse bacteria respond to resource availability. Soil bacteria that formed colonies rapidly upon exposure to a nutritionally complex medium contained an average of 5.5 copies of the small subunit rRNA gene, whereas bacteria that responded slowly contained an average of 1.4 copies. In soil microcosms pulsed with the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), indigenous populations of 2,4-D-degrading bacteria with multiple rRNA genes ( x ¯ = 5.4) became dominant, whereas populations with fewer rRNA genes ( x ¯ = 2.7) were favored in unamended controls. These findings demonstrate phenotypic effects associated with rRNA gene copy number that are indicative of ecological strategies influencing the structure of natural microbial communities. Although natural selection appears to favor the elimination of gene redundancy in prokaryotes, multiple copies of each rRNA-encoding gene are common on bacterial chromosomes. Despite this conspicuous deviation from single-copy genes, no phenotype has been consistently associated with rRNA gene copy number. We found that the number of rRNA genes correlates with the rate at which phylogenetically diverse bacteria respond to resource availability. Soil bacteria that formed colonies rapidly upon exposure to a nutritionally complex medium contained an average of 5.5 copies of the small subunit rRNA gene, whereas bacteria that responded slowly contained an average of 1.4 copies. In soil microcosms pulsed with the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), indigenous populations of 2,4-D-degrading bacteria with multiple rRNA genes ( = 5.4) became dominant, whereas populations with fewer rRNA genes ( = 2.7) were favored in unamended controls. These findings demonstrate phenotypic effects associated with rRNA gene copy number that are indicative of ecological strategies influencing the structure of natural microbial communities. Classifications Services AEM Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue Spotlights in the Current Issue AEM About AEM Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy AEM RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 0099-2240 Online ISSN: 1098-5336 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology. For an alternate route to AEM .asm.org, visit: AEM |
| Author | Joel A. Klappenbach Thomas M. Schmidt John M. Dunbar |
| AuthorAffiliation | Department of Microbiology and Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1101 |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Department of Microbiology and Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1101 |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: J. A surname: KLAPPENBACH fullname: KLAPPENBACH, J. A organization: Department of Microbiology and Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1101, United States – sequence: 2 givenname: J. M surname: DUNBAR fullname: DUNBAR, J. M organization: Department of Microbiology and Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1101, United States – sequence: 3 givenname: T. M surname: SCHMIDT fullname: SCHMIDT, T. M organization: Department of Microbiology and Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1101, United States |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1326268$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10742207$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Notes | Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, 202 Giltner Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824-1101. Phone: (517) 353-1796. Fax: (517) 353-8957. E-mail: tschmidt@pilot.msu.edu. Present address: Life Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, NM 87545. |
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Reddit... Although natural selection appears to favor the elimination of gene redundancy in prokaryotes, multiple copies of each rRNA-encoding gene are common on... ABSTRACT Although natural selection appears to favor the elimination of gene redundancy in prokaryotes, multiple copies of each rRNA-encoding gene are common... |
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| SubjectTerms | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid - metabolism Animal, plant and microbial ecology Bacteria Bacteria - genetics Bacteria - growth & development Bacteria - isolation & purification Bacteria - metabolism Biological and medical sciences Ecosystem Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene Dosage Genes Genes, rRNA - genetics Herbicides - metabolism Microbial Ecology Microbiology Molecular Sequence Data Phylogeny Ribonucleic acid RNA rRNA Operon - genetics Soil Soil Microbiology |
| Title | rRNA Operon Copy Number Reflects Ecological Strategies of Bacteria |
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