Frequency-domain EEG source analysis for acute tonic cold pain perception

• Published in: Clinical neurophysiology Vol. 123; no. 10; pp. 2042 - 2049
• Main Authors: Shao, Shiyun, Shen, Kaiquan, Yu, Ke, Wilder-Smith, Einar P.V., Li, Xiaoping
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ireland Ltd 01.10.2012; Elsevier
• Subjects: Acute tonic pain; Adult; Biological and medical sciences; Brain Mapping; Cingulate; Cold Temperature; EEG source localization; Electrodiagnosis. Electric activity recording; Electroencephalography; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects); Male; Medical sciences; Nervous system; Neurology; Pain - physiopathology; Pain Perception - physiology; Prefrontal; Prefrontal Cortex - physiology; sLORETA; Somesthesis and somesthetic pathways (proprioception, exteroception, nociception); interoception; electrolocation. Sensory receptors; Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs; EEG source localization; sLORETA; Acute tonic pain; Cingulate; Prefrontal; Temperature; Cold; Central nervous system; Electrophysiology; Environmental factor; Electroencephalography; Spectral analysis; Encephalon; Pain; Treatment; Frequency band; Modulation; Tomography; Perception; Multiple frequency; Power spectrum
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.02.084
• ISSN: 1388-2457; 1872-8952

► Tonic cold pain induces significantly decreased source activity in low-frequency (<12Hz) bands but mainly increased activity in high-frequency (>12Hz) bands in multiple brain regions. ► Neuronal electrical activities that significantly correlated with subjective pain ratings are localized in the prefrontal and cingulate cortices. ► The findings have important implications for developing objective pain assessment methods and cortical neuromodulation based pain interventions. To investigate electrocortical responses to tonic cold pain by frequency-domain electroencephalogram (EEG) source analysis, and to identify potential electrocortical indices of acute tonic pain. Scalp EEG data were recorded from 26 healthy subjects under tonic cold pain (CP) and no-pain control (NP) conditions. EEG power spectra and the standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) localized EEG cortical sources were compared between the two conditions in five frequency bands: 1–4Hz, 4–8Hz, 8–12Hz, 12–18Hz and 18–30Hz. In line with the EEG power spectral results, the source power significantly differed between the CP and NP conditions in 8–12Hz (CP<NP) and 18–30Hz (CP>NP) in extensive brain regions. Besides, there were also significantly different 4–8Hz and 12–18Hz source activities between the two conditions. Among the significant source activities, the left medial frontal and left superior frontal 4–8Hz activities, the anterior cingulate 8–12Hz activity and the posterior cingulate 12–18Hz activity showed significant negative correlations with subjective pain ratings. The brain’s perception of tonic cold pain was characterized by cortical source power changes across different frequency bands in multiple brain regions. Oscillatory activities that significantly correlated with subjective pain ratings were found in the prefrontal and cingulate regions. These findings may offer useful measures for objective pain assessment and provide a basis for pain treatment by modulation of neural oscillations at specific frequencies in specific brain regions.