Homeostasis of the gut barrier and potential biomarkers

The gut barrier plays a crucial role by spatially compartmentalizing bacteria to the lumen through the production of secreted mucus and is fortified by the production of secretory IgA (sIgA) and antimicrobial peptides and proteins. With the exception of sIgA, expression of these protective barrier f...

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Published inAmerican journal of physiology: Gastrointestinal and liver physiology Vol. 312; no. 3; pp. G171 - G193
Main Authors Wells, Jerry M., Brummer, Robert J., Derrien, Muriel, MacDonald, Thomas T., Troost, Freddy, Cani, Patrice D., Theodorou, Vassilia, Dekker, Jan, Méheust, Agnes, de Vos, Willem M., Mercenier, Annick, Nauta, Arjen, Garcia-Rodenas, Clara L.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Physiological Society 01.03.2017
SeriesMicrobiome and Host Interactions
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Abstract The gut barrier plays a crucial role by spatially compartmentalizing bacteria to the lumen through the production of secreted mucus and is fortified by the production of secretory IgA (sIgA) and antimicrobial peptides and proteins. With the exception of sIgA, expression of these protective barrier factors is largely controlled by innate immune recognition of microbial molecular ligands. Several specialized adaptations and checkpoints are operating in the mucosa to scale the immune response according to the threat and prevent overreaction to the trillions of symbionts inhabiting the human intestine. A healthy microbiota plays a key role influencing epithelial barrier functions through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and interactions with innate pattern recognition receptors in the mucosa, driving the steady-state expression of mucus and antimicrobial factors. However, perturbation of gut barrier homeostasis can lead to increased inflammatory signaling, increased epithelial permeability, and dysbiosis of the microbiota, which are recognized to play a role in the pathophysiology of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, gut-brain signaling may be affected by prolonged mucosal immune activation, leading to increased afferent sensory signaling and abdominal symptoms. In turn, neuronal mechanisms can affect the intestinal barrier partly by activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and both mast cell-dependent and mast cell-independent mechanisms. The modulation of gut barrier function through nutritional interventions, including strategies to manipulate the microbiota, is considered a relevant target for novel therapeutic and preventive treatments against a range of diseases. Several biomarkers have been used to measure gut permeability and loss of barrier integrity in intestinal diseases, but there remains a need to explore their use in assessing the effect of nutritional factors on gut barrier function. Future studies should aim to establish normal ranges of available biomarkers and their predictive value for gut health in human cohorts.
AbstractList The gut barrier plays a crucial role by spatially compartmentalizing bacteria to the lumen through the production of secreted mucus and is fortified by the production of secretory IgA (sIgA) and antimicrobial peptides and proteins. With the exception of sIgA, expression of these protective barrier factors is largely controlled by innate immune recognition of microbial molecular ligands. Several specialized adaptations and checkpoints are operating in the mucosa to scale the immune response according to the threat and prevent overreaction to the trillions of symbionts inhabiting the human intestine. A healthy microbiota plays a key role influencing epithelial barrier functions through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and interactions with innate pattern recognition receptors in the mucosa, driving the steady-state expression of mucus and antimicrobial factors. However, perturbation of gut barrier homeostasis can lead to increased inflammatory signaling, increased epithelial permeability, and dysbiosis of the microbiota, which are recognized to play a role in the pathophysiology of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, gut-brain signaling may be affected by prolonged mucosal immune activation, leading to increased afferent sensory signaling and abdominal symptoms. In turn, neuronal mechanisms can affect the intestinal barrier partly by activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and both mast cell-dependent and mast cell-independent mechanisms. The modulation of gut barrier function through nutritional interventions, including strategies to manipulate the microbiota, is considered a relevant target for novel therapeutic and preventive treatments against a range of diseases. Several biomarkers have been used to measure gut permeability and loss of barrier integrity in intestinal diseases, but there remains a need to explore their use in assessing the effect of nutritional factors on gut barrier function. Future studies should aim to establish normal ranges of available biomarkers and their predictive value for gut health in human cohorts.
The gut barrier plays a crucial role by spatially compartmentalizing bacteria to the lumen through the production of secreted mucus and is fortified by the production of secretory IgA (sIgA) and antimicrobial peptides and proteins. With the exception of sIgA, expression of these protective barrier factors is largely controlled by innate immune recognition of microbial molecular ligands. Several specialized adaptations and checkpoints are operating in the mucosa to scale the immune response according to the threat and prevent overreaction to the trillions of symbionts inhabiting the human intestine. A healthy microbiota plays a key role influencing epithelial barrier functions through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and interactions with innate pattern recognition receptors in the mucosa, driving the steady-state expression of mucus and antimicrobial factors. However, perturbation of gut barrier homeostasis can lead to increased inflammatory signaling, increased epithelial permeability, and dysbiosis of the microbiota, which are recognized to play a role in the pathophysiology of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, gut-brain signaling may be affected by prolonged mucosal immune activation, leading to increased afferent sensory signaling and abdominal symptoms. In turn, neuronal mechanisms can affect the intestinal barrier partly by activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and both mast cell-dependent and mast cell-independent mechanisms. The modulation of gut barrier function through nutritional interventions, including strategies to manipulate the microbiota, is considered a relevant target for novel therapeutic and preventive treatments against a range of diseases. Several biomarkers have been used to measure gut permeability and loss of barrier integrity in intestinal diseases, but there remains a need to explore their use in assessing the effect of nutritional factors on gut barrier function. Future studies should aim to establish normal ranges of available biomarkers and their predictive value for gut health in human cohorts.The gut barrier plays a crucial role by spatially compartmentalizing bacteria to the lumen through the production of secreted mucus and is fortified by the production of secretory IgA (sIgA) and antimicrobial peptides and proteins. With the exception of sIgA, expression of these protective barrier factors is largely controlled by innate immune recognition of microbial molecular ligands. Several specialized adaptations and checkpoints are operating in the mucosa to scale the immune response according to the threat and prevent overreaction to the trillions of symbionts inhabiting the human intestine. A healthy microbiota plays a key role influencing epithelial barrier functions through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and interactions with innate pattern recognition receptors in the mucosa, driving the steady-state expression of mucus and antimicrobial factors. However, perturbation of gut barrier homeostasis can lead to increased inflammatory signaling, increased epithelial permeability, and dysbiosis of the microbiota, which are recognized to play a role in the pathophysiology of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, gut-brain signaling may be affected by prolonged mucosal immune activation, leading to increased afferent sensory signaling and abdominal symptoms. In turn, neuronal mechanisms can affect the intestinal barrier partly by activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and both mast cell-dependent and mast cell-independent mechanisms. The modulation of gut barrier function through nutritional interventions, including strategies to manipulate the microbiota, is considered a relevant target for novel therapeutic and preventive treatments against a range of diseases. Several biomarkers have been used to measure gut permeability and loss of barrier integrity in intestinal diseases, but there remains a need to explore their use in assessing the effect of nutritional factors on gut barrier function. Future studies should aim to establish normal ranges of available biomarkers and their predictive value for gut health in human cohorts.
The gut barrier plays a crucial role by spatially compartmentalizing bacteria to the lumen through the production of secreted mucus and is fortified by the production of secretory IgA (sIgA) and antimicrobial peptides and proteins. With the exception of sIgA, expression of these protective barrier factors is largely controlled by innate immune recognition of micro- bial molecular ligands. Several specialized adaptations and checkpoints are operating in the mucosa to scale the immune response according to the threat and prevent overre- action to the trillions of symbionts inhabiting the human intestine. A healthy microbiota plays a key role influencing epithelial barrier functions through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and interactions with innate pattern recognition receptors in the mucosa, driving the steady-state expression of mucus and antimicrobial factors. However, perturbation of gut barrier homeostasis can lead to increased inflammatory signaling, increased epithelial permeability, and dysbiosis of the micro- biota, which are recognized to play a role in the pathophysiology of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, gut-brain signaling may be affected by pro- longed mucosal immune activation, leading to increased afferent sensory signaling and abdominal symptoms. In turn, neuronal mechanisms can affect the intestinal barrier partly by activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and both mast cell- dependent and mast cell-independent mechanisms. The modulation of gut barrier function through nutritional interventions, including strategies to manipulate the microbiota, is considered a relevant target for novel therapeutic and preventive treatments against a range of diseases. Several biomarkers have been used to measure gut permeability and loss of barrier integrity in intestinal diseases, but there remains a need to explore their use in assessing the effect of nutritional factors on gut barrier function. Future studies should aim to establish normal ranges of available biomarkers and their predictive value for gut health in human cohorts.
The gut barrier plays a crucial role by spatially compartmentalizing bacteria to the lumen through the production of secreted mucus and is fortified by the production of sIgA and antimicrobial peptides and proteins. With exception of sIgA the expression of these protective barrier factors is largely controlled by innate immune recognition of microbial molecular ligands. Several specialized adaptations and checkpoints are operating in the mucosa to scale the immune response according to the threat and prevent overreaction to the trillions of symbionts inhabiting the human intestine. A healthy microbiota plays a key role influencing epithelial barrier functions. However, perturbation of gut barrier homeostasis can lead to increased inflammatory signaling, increased epithelial permeability and dysbiosis of the microbiota, which are recognized to play a role in the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, the gut-brain signaling may be affected by prolonged mucosal immune activation, leading to increased afferent sensory signaling and abdominal symptoms. In turn, neuronal mechanisms can affect the intestinal barrier partly by activation of the HPA-axis and both mast cell-dependent as well as mast cell- independent mechanisms. Several biomarkers have been used to measure gut permeability and loss of barrier integrity in patients but there remains a need to explore their use in assessing impact of nutritional factors on gut barrier function. Future studies should aim to establish normal ranges of the available biomarkers and their predictive value for gut health in human cohorts.
Author Troost, Freddy
Méheust, Agnes
de Vos, Willem M.
Mercenier, Annick
Garcia-Rodenas, Clara L.
Brummer, Robert J.
Cani, Patrice D.
Theodorou, Vassilia
MacDonald, Thomas T.
Derrien, Muriel
Wells, Jerry M.
Nauta, Arjen
Dekker, Jan
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Jerry M.
  surname: Wells
  fullname: Wells, Jerry M.
  organization: Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Robert J.
  surname: Brummer
  fullname: Brummer, Robert J.
  organization: Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Muriel
  surname: Derrien
  fullname: Derrien, Muriel
  organization: Centre Daniel Carasso, Danone Research, Palaiseau, France
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Thomas T.
  surname: MacDonald
  fullname: MacDonald, Thomas T.
  organization: Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London, United Kingdom
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Freddy
  surname: Troost
  fullname: Troost, Freddy
  organization: Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Patrice D.
  surname: Cani
  fullname: Cani, Patrice D.
  organization: Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Vassilia
  surname: Theodorou
  fullname: Theodorou, Vassilia
  organization: Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Toulouse, France
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Jan
  surname: Dekker
  fullname: Dekker, Jan
  organization: Host-Microbe Interactomics, Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Agnes
  surname: Méheust
  fullname: Méheust, Agnes
  organization: Danone, Paris, France
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Willem M.
  surname: de Vos
  fullname: de Vos, Willem M.
  organization: Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Annick
  surname: Mercenier
  fullname: Mercenier, Annick
  organization: Institute of Nutritional Science, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Arjen
  surname: Nauta
  fullname: Nauta, Arjen
  organization: FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Clara L.
  surname: Garcia-Rodenas
  fullname: Garcia-Rodenas, Clara L.
  organization: Institute of Nutritional Science, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27908847$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
https://hal.science/hal-01602268$$DView record in HAL
https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-53756$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index
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DocumentTitleAlternate GUT BARRIER FUNCTION AND POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS
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Keywords microbiota
epithelial permeability
gut barrier
antimicrobial peptides
moyen de prévention
perméabilité intestinale
microbiote digestif
barrière intestinale
human health
toxicologie alimentaire
peptide antimicrobien
trouble gastrointestinal
santé humaine
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Snippet The gut barrier plays a crucial role by spatially compartmentalizing bacteria to the lumen through the production of secreted mucus and is fortified by the...
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SubjectTerms Animals
Antimicrobial agents
Antimicrobial peptides
Bacteria
Biomarkers
Epithelial permeability
Gastrointestinal diseases
Gastrointestinal Diseases - microbiology
Gastrointestinal Diseases - physiopathology
Gastrointestinal Tract - microbiology
Gastrointestinal Tract - physiology
Gut barrier
Homeostasis
Homeostasis - physiology
Humans
Life Sciences
Microbiota
Microbiota - physiology
Permeability
Review
Title Homeostasis of the gut barrier and potential biomarkers
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27908847
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Volume 312
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