Dielectric Study on Supramolecular Gels by Fiber Structure Formation from Low-Molecular-Weight Gelator/Water Mixtures

• Published in: Gels Vol. 9; no. 5; p. 408
• Main Authors: Shimizu, Kenta, Abe, Fumiya, Kishi, Yasuhiro, Kita, Rio, Shinyashiki, Naoki, Yagihara, Shin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 12.05.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Analysis; Behavior; Broadband; Chemistry; Crosslinking; Dielectric properties; Experimental methods; Gelation; Gels; General. Including alchemy; heterogeneity; High temperature; Hydrogels; Hydrogen; Hydrogen bonding; Inorganic chemistry; Low molecular weights; Micelles; Mixtures; molecular dynamics; Molecular structure; Parameters; Physical properties; Polymers; Q; QD1-65; QD1-999; QD146-197; Research methodology; Science; Sol-gel processes; sol–gel transition; Spectrum analysis; structure formation; structure formation; heterogeneity; hydrogels; supramolecular gel; sol–gel transition; molecular dynamics; broadband dielectric spectroscopy; Supramolecular compounds; supramolecular gel; Transition temperature; Water; Water chemistry; Japan; California; broadband dielectric spectroscopy; sol–gel transition; structure formation; hydrogels; molecular dynamics; heterogeneity; supramolecular gel
• DOI: 10.3390/gels9050408
• ISSN: 2310-2861

There are various types of gel materials used in a wide range of fields, and their gelation mechanisms are extremely diverse. Furthermore, in the case of hydrogels, there exist some difficulties in understanding complicated molecular mechanisms especially with water molecules interacting through hydrogen bonding as solvents. In the present work, the molecular mechanism of the structural formation of fibrous super-molecular gel by the low molecular weight gelator, N-oleyl lactobionamide/water mixture was elucidated using the broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) method. The dynamic behaviors observed for the solute and water molecules indicated hierarchical structure formation processes in various time scales. The relaxation curves obtained at various temperatures in the cooling and heating processes showed relaxation processes respectively reflecting the dynamic behaviors of water molecules in the 10 GHz frequency region, solute molecules interacting with water in MHz region, and ion-reflecting structures of the sample and electrode in kHz region. These relaxation processes, characterized by the relaxation parameters, showed remarkable changes around the sol–gel transition temperature, 37.8 °C, determined by the falling ball method and over the temperature range, around 53 °C. The latter change suggested a structure formation of rod micelles appearing as precursors before cross-linking into the three-dimensional network of the supramolecular gels. These results clearly demonstrate how effective relaxation parameter analysis is for understanding the gelation mechanism in detail.