Anti-SARS CoV-2 IgG in COVID-19 Patients with Hematological Diseases: A Single-center, Retrospective Study in Japan

Objective Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread globally. Although the relationship between anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and COVID-19 severity has been reported, information is lacking regarding the ser...

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Published in	Internal Medicine Vol. 61; no. 11; pp. 1681 - 1686
Main Authors	Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Kiyoko, Yasuhara, Atsuhiro, Nakashima, Shiori, Ohara, Shin, Mitamura, Keiko, Uchida, Tomoyuki, Fujii, Takayuki, Murakami, Jurika, Yamayoshi, Seiya, Hagihara, Masao, Okuda, Moe, Kawaoka, Yoshihiro, Inoue, Morihiro, Duong, Calvin
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Japan The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine 01.06.2022 Japan Science and Technology Agency
Subjects	Adult Antibodies, Viral Coronaviruses COVID-19 Hematologic Diseases - complications Hematologic Diseases - epidemiology Hematological diseases Hematology Humans Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin M Internal medicine Japan - epidemiology Original Retrospective Studies Risk groups Rituximab SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Spike protein Japan COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies SARS-CoV-2
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Abstract	Objective Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread globally. Although the relationship between anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and COVID-19 severity has been reported, information is lacking regarding the seropositivity of patients with particular types of diseases, including hematological diseases. Methods In this single-center, retrospective study, we compared SARS-CoV-2 IgG positivity between patients with hematological diseases and those with non-hematological diseases. Results In total, 77 adult COVID-19 patients were enrolled. Of these, 30 had hematological disorders, and 47 had non-hematological disorders. The IgG antibody against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein was detected less frequently in patients with hematological diseases (60.0%) than in those with non-hematological diseases (91.5%; p=0.029). Rituximab use was significantly associated with seronegativity (p=0.010). Conclusion Patients with hematological diseases are less likely to develop anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies than those with non-hematological diseases, which may explain the poor outcomes of COVID-19 patients in this high-risk group.
AbstractList	Objective Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread globally. Although the relationship between anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and COVID-19 severity has been reported, information is lacking regarding the seropositivity of patients with particular types of diseases, including hematological diseases. Methods In this single-center, retrospective study, we compared SARS-CoV-2 IgG positivity between patients with hematological diseases and those with non-hematological diseases. Results In total, 77 adult COVID-19 patients were enrolled. Of these, 30 had hematological disorders, and 47 had non-hematological disorders. The IgG antibody against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein was detected less frequently in patients with hematological diseases (60.0%) than in those with non-hematological diseases (91.5%; p=0.029). Rituximab use was significantly associated with seronegativity (p=0.010). Conclusion Patients with hematological diseases are less likely to develop anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies than those with non-hematological diseases, which may explain the poor outcomes of COVID-19 patients in this high-risk group. Objective Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread globally. Although the relationship between anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and COVID-19 severity has been reported, information is lacking regarding the seropositivity of patients with particular types of diseases, including hematological diseases. Methods In this single-center, retrospective study, we compared SARS-CoV-2 IgG positivity between patients with hematological diseases and those with non-hematological diseases. Results In total, 77 adult COVID-19 patients were enrolled. Of these, 30 had hematological disorders, and 47 had non-hematological disorders. The IgG antibody against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein was detected less frequently in patients with hematological diseases (60.0%) than in those with non-hematological diseases (91.5%; p=0.029). Rituximab use was significantly associated with seronegativity (p=0.010). Conclusion Patients with hematological diseases are less likely to develop anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies than those with non-hematological diseases, which may explain the poor outcomes of COVID-19 patients in this high-risk group.Objective Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread globally. Although the relationship between anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and COVID-19 severity has been reported, information is lacking regarding the seropositivity of patients with particular types of diseases, including hematological diseases. Methods In this single-center, retrospective study, we compared SARS-CoV-2 IgG positivity between patients with hematological diseases and those with non-hematological diseases. Results In total, 77 adult COVID-19 patients were enrolled. Of these, 30 had hematological disorders, and 47 had non-hematological disorders. The IgG antibody against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein was detected less frequently in patients with hematological diseases (60.0%) than in those with non-hematological diseases (91.5%; p=0.029). Rituximab use was significantly associated with seronegativity (p=0.010). Conclusion Patients with hematological diseases are less likely to develop anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies than those with non-hematological diseases, which may explain the poor outcomes of COVID-19 patients in this high-risk group.
ArticleNumber	9209-21
Author	Mitamura, Keiko Duong, Calvin Murakami, Jurika Hagihara, Masao Okuda, Moe Yasuhara, Atsuhiro Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Kiyoko Yamayoshi, Seiya Nakashima, Shiori Inoue, Morihiro Uchida, Tomoyuki Kawaoka, Yoshihiro Fujii, Takayuki Ohara, Shin
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 fullname: Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Kiyoko organization: Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: Yasuhara, Atsuhiro organization: Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: Nakashima, Shiori organization: Department of Hematology, Eiju General Hospital, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: Ohara, Shin organization: Department of Hematology, Eiju General Hospital, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: Mitamura, Keiko organization: Division of Infection Control, Eiju General Hospital, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: Uchida, Tomoyuki organization: Department of Hematology, Eiju General Hospital, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: Fujii, Takayuki organization: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: Murakami, Jurika organization: Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: Yamayoshi, Seiya organization: The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: Hagihara, Masao organization: Department of Hematology, Eiju General Hospital, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: Okuda, Moe organization: Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: Kawaoka, Yoshihiro organization: The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: Inoue, Morihiro organization: Department of Hematology, Eiju General Hospital, Japan – sequence: 1 fullname: Duong, Calvin organization: Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan
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References_xml	– reference: 18. Li K, Huang B, Wu M, et al. Dynamic changes in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies during SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovery from COVID-19. Nat Commun 11: 60, 2020. – reference: 34. Tepasse PR, Hafezi W, Lutz M, et al. Persisting SARS-CoV-2 viraemia after rituximab therapy: two cases with fatal outcome and a review of the literature. Br J Haematol 190: 185-188, 2020. – reference: 12. Zhang G, Nie S, Zhang Z, Zhang Z. Longitudinal change of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. J Infect Dis 222: 183-188, 2020. – reference: 30. Nazi I, Kelton JG, Larché M, et al. The effect of rituximab on vaccine responses in patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Blood 122: 1946-1953, 2013. – reference: 6. Long QX, Liu BZ, Deng HJ, et al. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19. Nat Med 26: 845-848, 2020. – reference: 23. Liu T, Zeng G, Tao H, et al. Low prevalence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in cancer patients with COVID-19. Int J Cancer 147: 3267-3269, 2020. – reference: 17. Zost SJ, Gilchuk P, Case JB, et al. Potently neutralizing and protective human anti-bodies against SARS-CoV-2. Nature 584: 443-449, 2020. – reference: 19. Garcia-Beltran WF, Lam EC, Astudillo MG, et al. COVID-19-neutralizing antibodies predict disease severity and survival. Cell 184: 476-488, 2021. – reference: 35. Koff AG, Laurent-Rolle M, Hsu JCC, Malinis M. Prolonged incubation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a patient on rituximab therapy. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 42: 1286-1288, 2020. – reference: 13. Thakkar A, Pradhan K, Jindal S, et al. Patterns of seroconversion for SARS-CoV2-IgG in patients with malignant disease and association with anticancer therapy. Nat Cancer 2: 392-399, 2021. – reference: 1. Uchida T, Takagi Y, Mizuno A, et al. Retrospective analysis of nosocomial COVID-19: a comparison between patients with hematological disorders and other diseases. Rinsho Ketsueki 61: 857-864, 2020. – reference: 36. Jeyanathan M, Afkhami S, Smaill F, Miller MS, Lichty BD, Xing Z. Immunological considerations for COVID-19 vaccine strategies. Nat Rev Immunol 20: 615-632, 2020. – reference: 22. Marra A, Generali D, Zagami P, et al. Seroconversion in patients with cancer and oncology health care workers infected by SARS-CoV-2. Ann Oncol 32: 113-119, 2021. – reference: 11. Wang B, Oekelen OV, Mouhieddine TH, et al. A tertiary center experience of multiple myeloma patients with COVID-19: lessons learned and the path forward. J Hematol Oncol 13: 94, 2020. – reference: 31. Gea-Banacloche JC. Rituximab-associated infections. Semin Hematol 47: 187-198, 2010. – reference: 32. Yasuda H, Tsukune Y, Watanabe N, et al. Persistent COVID-19 pneumonia and failure to develop anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies during rituximab maintenance therapy for follicular lymphoma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 20: 774-776, 2020. – reference: 33. Choi B, Choudhary MC, Regan J, et al. Persistence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in an immunocompromised host. N Engl J Med 383: 2291-2293, 2020. – reference: 8. Yamayoshi S, Yasuhara A, Ito M, et al. Antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 decline, but do not disappear for several months. eClinicalMedicine 32: 100734, 2021. – reference: 2. Kuderer NM, Choueiri TK, Shah DP, et al. Clinical impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer (CCC19): a cohort study. Lancet 395: 1907-1918, 2020. – reference: 20. Liang W, Guan W, Chen R, et al. Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China. Lancet Oncol 21: 335-337, 2020. – reference: 10. Zhao J, Quan Y, Wang H, et al. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019. Clin Infect Dis 71: 2027-2034, 2020. – reference: 7. Xiang F, Wang X, He X, et al. Antibody detection and dynamic characteristics in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Clin Infect Dis 71: 1930-1934, 2020. – reference: 26. Mehta V, Goel S, Kabarriti R, et al. Case fatality rate of cancer patients with COVID-19 in a New York hospital system. Cancer Discov 10: 935-941, 2020. – reference: 21. Zhang L, Zhu F, Xie L, et al. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China. Ann Oncol 31: 894-901, 2020. – reference: 16. Yuan M, Liu HL, Wu NC, et al. Structural basis of a shared antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. Science 369: 1119-1123, 2020. – reference: 27. Luetkens L, Metcalf R, Planelles V, et al. Successful transfer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity using convalescent plasma in an MM patient with hypogammaglobulinemia and COVID-19. Blood Adv 4: 4864-4868, 2020. – reference: 15. Kanda Y. 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Snippet	Objective Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread globally. Although the...
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SubjectTerms	Adult Antibodies, Viral Coronaviruses COVID-19 Hematologic Diseases - complications Hematologic Diseases - epidemiology Hematological diseases Hematology Humans Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin M Internal medicine Japan - epidemiology Original Retrospective Studies Risk groups Rituximab SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Spike protein
Title	Anti-SARS CoV-2 IgG in COVID-19 Patients with Hematological Diseases: A Single-center, Retrospective Study in Japan
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