Identifying the Most Probable Mammal Reservoir Hosts for Monkeypox Virus Based on Ecological Niche Comparisons

Previous human cases or epidemics have suggested that Monkeypox virus (MPXV) can be transmitted through contact with animals of African rainforests. Although MPXV has been identified in many mammal species, most are likely secondary hosts, and the reservoir host has yet to be discovered. In this stu...

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Published inViruses Vol. 15; no. 3; p. 727
Main Authors Curaudeau, Manon, Besombes, Camille, Nakouné, Emmanuel, Fontanet, Arnaud, Gessain, Antoine, Hassanin, Alexandre
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 11.03.2023
MDPI
Subjects
Analysis
animal reservoir
Animals
basins
Disease transmission
Distribution
DNA viruses
ecological niche model
Ecosystem
evergreen forests
Geographical distribution
georeferencing
Host-virus relationships
Humans
Laboratories
Life Sciences
Mammals
Monkeypox
Monkeypox virus
Mpox
Mpox (monkeypox) - diagnosis
museums
National parks
Niche overlap
niches
Rainforests
Sciuridae
Species
tropical Africa
Viruses
France
Liberia
Gabon
Cameroon
United States > US
West Africa
Africa
Denmark
Sierra Leone
Ghana
Central Africa
Nigeria
animal reservoir
tropical Africa
ecological niche model
Sciuridae
Monkeypox
evergreen forests
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Abstract Previous human cases or epidemics have suggested that Monkeypox virus (MPXV) can be transmitted through contact with animals of African rainforests. Although MPXV has been identified in many mammal species, most are likely secondary hosts, and the reservoir host has yet to be discovered. In this study, we provide the full list of African mammal genera (and species) in which MPXV was previously detected, and predict the geographic distributions of all species of these genera based on museum specimens and an ecological niche modelling (ENM) method. Then, we reconstruct the ecological niche of MPXV using georeferenced data on animal MPXV sequences and human index cases, and conduct overlap analyses with the ecological niches inferred for 99 mammal species, in order to identify the most probable animal reservoir. Our results show that the MPXV niche covers three African rainforests: the Congo Basin, and Upper and Lower Guinean forests. The four mammal species showing the best niche overlap with MPXV are all arboreal rodents, including three squirrels: Funisciurus anerythrus, Funisciurus pyrropus, Heliosciurus rufobrachium, and Graphiurus lorraineus. We conclude that the most probable MPXV reservoir is F. anerythrus based on two niche overlap metrics, the areas of higher probabilities of occurrence, and available data on MPXV detection.
AbstractList Previous human cases or epidemics have suggested that Monkeypox virus (MPXV) can be transmitted through contact with animals of African rainforests. Although MPXV has been identified in many mammal species, most are likely secondary hosts, and the reservoir host has yet to be discovered. In this study, we provide the full list of African mammal genera (and species) in which MPXV was previously detected, and predict the geographic distributions of all species of these genera based on museum specimens and an ecological niche modelling (ENM) method. Then, we reconstruct the ecological niche of MPXV using georeferenced data on animal MPXV sequences and human index cases, and conduct overlap analyses with the ecological niches inferred for 99 mammal species, in order to identify the most probable animal reservoir. Our results show that the MPXV niche covers three African rainforests: the Congo Basin, and Upper and Lower Guinean forests. The four mammal species showing the best niche overlap with MPXV are all arboreal rodents, including three squirrels: Funisciurus anerythrus , Funisciurus pyrropus , Heliosciurus rufobrachium , and Graphiurus lorraineus . We conclude that the most probable MPXV reservoir is F . anerythrus based on two niche overlap metrics, the areas of higher probabilities of occurrence, and available data on MPXV detection.
Previous human cases or epidemics have suggested that Monkeypox virus (MPXV) can be transmitted through contact with animals of African rainforests. Although MPXV has been identified in many mammal species, most are likely secondary hosts, and the reservoir host has yet to be discovered. In this study, we provide the full list of African mammal genera (and species) in which MPXV was previously detected, and predict the geographic distributions of all species of these genera based on museum specimens and an ecological niche modelling (ENM) method. Then, we reconstruct the ecological niche of MPXV using georeferenced data on animal MPXV sequences and human index cases, and conduct overlap analyses with the ecological niches inferred for 99 mammal species, in order to identify the most probable animal reservoir. Our results show that the MPXV niche covers three African rainforests: the Congo Basin, and Upper and Lower Guinean forests. The four mammal species showing the best niche overlap with MPXV are all arboreal rodents, including three squirrels: Funisciurus anerythrus, Funisciurus pyrropus, Heliosciurus rufobrachium, and Graphiurus lorraineus. We conclude that the most probable MPXV reservoir is F. anerythrus based on two niche overlap metrics, the areas of higher probabilities of occurrence, and available data on MPXV detection.
Previous human cases or epidemics have suggested that Monkeypox virus (MPXV) can be transmitted through contact with animals of African rainforests. Although MPXV has been identified in many mammal species, most are likely secondary hosts, and the reservoir host has yet to be discovered. In this study, we provide the full list of African mammal genera (and species) in which MPXV was previously detected, and predict the geographic distributions of all species of these genera based on museum specimens and an ecological niche modelling (ENM) method. Then, we reconstruct the ecological niche of MPXV using georeferenced data on animal MPXV sequences and human index cases, and conduct overlap analyses with the ecological niches inferred for 99 mammal species, in order to identify the most probable animal reservoir. Our results show that the MPXV niche covers three African rainforests: the Congo Basin, and Upper and Lower Guinean forests. The four mammal species showing the best niche overlap with MPXV are all arboreal rodents, including three squirrels: Funisciurus anerythrus, Funisciurus pyrropus, Heliosciurus rufobrachium, and Graphiurus lorraineus. We conclude that the most probable MPXV reservoir is F. anerythrus based on two niche overlap metrics, the areas of higher probabilities of occurrence, and available data on MPXV detection.Previous human cases or epidemics have suggested that Monkeypox virus (MPXV) can be transmitted through contact with animals of African rainforests. Although MPXV has been identified in many mammal species, most are likely secondary hosts, and the reservoir host has yet to be discovered. In this study, we provide the full list of African mammal genera (and species) in which MPXV was previously detected, and predict the geographic distributions of all species of these genera based on museum specimens and an ecological niche modelling (ENM) method. Then, we reconstruct the ecological niche of MPXV using georeferenced data on animal MPXV sequences and human index cases, and conduct overlap analyses with the ecological niches inferred for 99 mammal species, in order to identify the most probable animal reservoir. Our results show that the MPXV niche covers three African rainforests: the Congo Basin, and Upper and Lower Guinean forests. The four mammal species showing the best niche overlap with MPXV are all arboreal rodents, including three squirrels: Funisciurus anerythrus, Funisciurus pyrropus, Heliosciurus rufobrachium, and Graphiurus lorraineus. We conclude that the most probable MPXV reservoir is F. anerythrus based on two niche overlap metrics, the areas of higher probabilities of occurrence, and available data on MPXV detection.
Previous human cases or epidemics have suggested that Monkeypox virus (MPXV) can be transmitted through contact with animals of African rainforests. Although MPXV has been identified in many mammal species, most are likely secondary hosts, and the reservoir host has yet to be discovered. In this study, we provide the full list of African mammal genera (and species) in which MPXV was previously detected, and predict the geographic distributions of all species of these genera based on museum specimens and an ecological niche modelling (ENM) method. Then, we reconstruct the ecological niche of MPXV using georeferenced data on animal MPXV sequences and human index cases, and conduct overlap analyses with the ecological niches inferred for 99 mammal species, in order to identify the most probable animal reservoir. Our results show that the MPXV niche covers three African rainforests: the Congo Basin, and Upper and Lower Guinean forests. The four mammal species showing the best niche overlap with MPXV are all arboreal rodents, including three squirrels: , , , and . We conclude that the most probable MPXV reservoir is . based on two niche overlap metrics, the areas of higher probabilities of occurrence, and available data on MPXV detection.
Audience Academic
Author Curaudeau, Manon
Besombes, Camille
Nakouné, Emmanuel
Fontanet, Arnaud
Gessain, Antoine
Hassanin, Alexandre
AuthorAffiliation 3 Unité d’Épidémiologie des Maladies Émergentes, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; camille.besombes@pasteur.fr (C.B.); arnaud.fontanet@pasteur.fr (A.F.)
2 Unité Épidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, 75015 Paris, France; antoine.gessain@pasteur.fr
1 Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, UA, 75005 Paris, France; manon.curaudeau1@mnhn.fr
5 Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Unité PACRI, 75003 Paris, France
4 Department of Arboviruses, Emerging Viruses and Zoonosis, Institut Pasteur, Bangui BP 923, Central African Republic; emmanuel.nakoune@pasteur-bangui.cf
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  surname: Hassanin
  fullname: Hassanin, Alexandre
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Issue 3
Keywords animal reservoir
tropical Africa
ecological niche model
Sciuridae
Monkeypox
evergreen forests
Language English
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Snippet Previous human cases or epidemics have suggested that Monkeypox virus (MPXV) can be transmitted through contact with animals of African rainforests. Although...
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StartPage 727
SubjectTerms Analysis
animal reservoir
Animals
basins
Disease transmission
Distribution
DNA viruses
ecological niche model
Ecosystem
evergreen forests
Geographical distribution
georeferencing
Host-virus relationships
Humans
Laboratories
Life Sciences
Mammals
Monkeypox
Monkeypox virus
Mpox
Mpox (monkeypox) - diagnosis
museums
National parks
Niche overlap
niches
Rainforests
Sciuridae
Species
tropical Africa
Viruses
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Title Identifying the Most Probable Mammal Reservoir Hosts for Monkeypox Virus Based on Ecological Niche Comparisons
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36992436
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https://pasteur.hal.science/pasteur-04079251
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Volume 15
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