From top to bottom: Do Lake Trout diversify along a depth gradient in Great Bear Lake, NT, Canada?
Depth is usually considered the main driver of Lake Trout intraspecific diversity across lakes in North America. Given that Great Bear Lake is one of the largest and deepest freshwater systems in North America, we predicted that Lake Trout intraspecific diversity to be organized along a depth axis w...
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Published in | PloS one Vol. 13; no. 3; p. e0193925 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
Public Library of Science
22.03.2018
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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Abstract | Depth is usually considered the main driver of Lake Trout intraspecific diversity across lakes in North America. Given that Great Bear Lake is one of the largest and deepest freshwater systems in North America, we predicted that Lake Trout intraspecific diversity to be organized along a depth axis within this system. Thus, we investigated whether a deep-water morph of Lake Trout co-existed with four shallow-water morphs previously described in Great Bear Lake. Morphology, neutral genetic variation, isotopic niches, and life-history traits of Lake Trout across depths (0-150 m) were compared among morphs. Due to the propensity of Lake Trout with high levels of morphological diversity to occupy multiple habitat niches, a novel multivariate grouping method using a suite of composite variables was applied in addition to two other commonly used grouping methods to classify individuals. Depth alone did not explain Lake Trout diversity in Great Bear Lake; a distinct fifth deep-water morph was not found. Rather, Lake Trout diversity followed an ecological continuum, with some evidence for adaptation to local conditions in deep-water habitat. Overall, trout caught from deep-water showed low levels of genetic and phenotypic differentiation from shallow-water trout, and displayed higher lipid content (C:N ratio) and occupied a higher trophic level that suggested an potential increase of piscivory (including cannibalism) than the previously described four morphs. Why phenotypic divergence between shallow- and deep-water Lake Trout was low is unknown, especially when the potential for phenotypic variation should be high in deep and large Great Bear Lake. Given that variation in complexity of freshwater environments has dramatic consequences for divergence, variation in the complexity in Great Bear Lake (i.e., shallow being more complex than deep), may explain the observed dichotomy in the expression of intraspecific phenotypic diversity between shallow- vs. deep-water habitats. The ambiguity surrounding mechanisms driving divergence of Lake Trout in Great Bear Lake should be seen as reflective of the highly variable nature of ecological opportunity and divergent natural selection itself. |
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AbstractList | Depth is usually considered the main driver of Lake Trout intraspecific diversity across lakes in North America. Given that Great Bear Lake is one of the largest and deepest freshwater systems in North America, we predicted that Lake Trout intraspecific diversity to be organized along a depth axis within this system. Thus, we investigated whether a deep-water morph of Lake Trout co-existed with four shallow-water morphs previously described in Great Bear Lake. Morphology, neutral genetic variation, isotopic niches, and life-history traits of Lake Trout across depths (0–150 m) were compared among morphs. Due to the propensity of Lake Trout with high levels of morphological diversity to occupy multiple habitat niches, a novel multivariate grouping method using a suite of composite variables was applied in addition to two other commonly used grouping methods to classify individuals. Depth alone did not explain Lake Trout diversity in Great Bear Lake; a distinct fifth deep-water morph was not found. Rather, Lake Trout diversity followed an ecological continuum, with some evidence for adaptation to local conditions in deep-water habitat. Overall, trout caught from deep-water showed low levels of genetic and phenotypic differentiation from shallow-water trout, and displayed higher lipid content (C:N ratio) and occupied a higher trophic level that suggested an potential increase of piscivory (including cannibalism) than the previously described four morphs. Why phenotypic divergence between shallow- and deep-water Lake Trout was low is unknown, especially when the potential for phenotypic variation should be high in deep and large Great Bear Lake. Given that variation in complexity of freshwater environments has dramatic consequences for divergence, variation in the complexity in Great Bear Lake (i.e., shallow being more complex than deep), may explain the observed dichotomy in the expression of intraspecific phenotypic diversity between shallow- vs. deep-water habitats. The ambiguity surrounding mechanisms driving divergence of Lake Trout in Great Bear Lake should be seen as reflective of the highly variable nature of ecological opportunity and divergent natural selection itself. |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Muir, Andrew M Gallagher, Colin P Hansen, Michael J Chavarie, Louise Tonn, William M Harris, Les N Krueger, Charles C Howland, Kimberly L Harford, William J Baillie, Shauna M Malley, Brendan |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America 6 Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada 3 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada 4 U.S. Geological Survey, Hammond Bay Biological Station, Millersburg, MI, United States of America 7 Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America 5 Cooperative Institute of Marine & Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America 2 Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Canada Southwest University, CHINA |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Canada – name: 5 Cooperative Institute of Marine & Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America – name: 7 Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America – name: 3 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada – name: Southwest University, CHINA – name: 4 U.S. Geological Survey, Hammond Bay Biological Station, Millersburg, MI, United States of America – name: 1 Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America – name: 6 Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Louise orcidid: 0000-0002-1327-7872 surname: Chavarie fullname: Chavarie, Louise organization: Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America – sequence: 2 givenname: Kimberly L surname: Howland fullname: Howland, Kimberly L organization: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada – sequence: 3 givenname: Les N surname: Harris fullname: Harris, Les N organization: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Canada – sequence: 4 givenname: Michael J surname: Hansen fullname: Hansen, Michael J organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Hammond Bay Biological Station, Millersburg, MI, United States of America – sequence: 5 givenname: William J surname: Harford fullname: Harford, William J organization: Cooperative Institute of Marine & Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America – sequence: 6 givenname: Colin P surname: Gallagher fullname: Gallagher, Colin P organization: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Canada – sequence: 7 givenname: Shauna M surname: Baillie fullname: Baillie, Shauna M organization: Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada – sequence: 8 givenname: Brendan surname: Malley fullname: Malley, Brendan organization: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Canada – sequence: 9 givenname: William M surname: Tonn fullname: Tonn, William M organization: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada – sequence: 10 givenname: Andrew M surname: Muir fullname: Muir, Andrew M organization: Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America – sequence: 11 givenname: Charles C surname: Krueger fullname: Krueger, Charles C organization: Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29566015$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1002_nafm_10829 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jglr_2023_06_002 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jglr_2024_102371 crossref_primary_10_1111_jfb_15621 crossref_primary_10_1139_cjfas_2019_0343 crossref_primary_10_1111_eva_12983 crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_7158 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00300_021_02901_9 crossref_primary_10_3996_102019_JFWM_096 crossref_primary_10_1111_eff_12470 |
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Snippet | Depth is usually considered the main driver of Lake Trout intraspecific diversity across lakes in North America. Given that Great Bear Lake is one of the... |
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SubjectTerms | Adaptation Adaptation, Physiological - genetics Animals Biodiversity Biology Biology and Life Sciences Canada Cannibalism Complexity Deep water Deep water habitats Divergence Earth Sciences Ecology and Environmental Sciences Ecosystem Evolution & development Fish Fisheries Fishing Freshwater environments Genetic diversity Genetic Variation - genetics Genetics, Population - methods Habitats Lakes Life history Morphology Natural selection Niches North America Phenotype Phenotypic variations Physical Sciences Research and Analysis Methods Salmo trutta Salvelinus namaycush Selection, Genetic - genetics Trends Trophic levels Trout Trout - genetics Water depth |
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Title | From top to bottom: Do Lake Trout diversify along a depth gradient in Great Bear Lake, NT, Canada? |
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