Long-term air pollution exposure and self-reported morbidity: A longitudinal analysis from the Thai cohort study (TCS)

Several studies have shown the health effects of air pollutants, especially in China, North American and Western European countries. But longitudinal cohort studies focused on health effects of long-term air pollution exposure are still limited in Southeast Asian countries where sources of air pollu...

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Published inEnvironmental research Vol. 192; p. 110330
Main Authors Paoin, Kanawat, Ueda, Kayo, Ingviya, Thammasin, Buya, Suhaimee, Phosri, Arthit, Seposo, Xerxes Tesoro, Seubsman, Sam-ang, Kelly, Matthew, Sleigh, Adrian, Honda, Akiko, Takano, Hirohisa, Chokhanapitak, Jaruwan, Churewong, Chaiyun, Hounthasarn, Suttanit, Khamman, Suwanee, Pandee, Daoruang, Pangsap, Suttinan, Prapamontol, Tippawan, Puengson, Janya, Rimpeekool, Wimalin, Sangrattanakul, Yodyiam, Somboonsook, Boonchai, Sripaiboonkij, Nintita, Somsamai, Pathumvadee, Tawatsupa, Benjawan, Tangmunkongvorakul, Arunrat, Vilainerun, Duangkae, Wimonwattanaphan, Wanee, Bain, Chris, Banks, Emily, Banwell, Cathy, Berecki-Gisolf, Janneke, Caldwell, Bruce, Carmichael, Gordon, Dellora, Tarie, Dixon, Jane, Friel, Sharon, Harley, David, Jordan, Susan, Kjellstrom, Tord, Lim, Lynette, McClure, Roderick, McMichael, Anthony, Mark, Tanya, Strazdins, Lyndall, Tran, Tam, Yiengprugsawan, Vasoontara, Zhao, Jiaying
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier Inc 01.01.2021
Elsevier
Subjects
air
Air Pollutants - analysis
Air Pollutants - toxicity
air pollution
Air Pollution - adverse effects
blood
carbon monoxide
Cardiovascular disease risk factors
China
cholesterol
chronic exposure
Cohort Studies
Diabetes
Environmental Exposure - adverse effects
Environmental Exposure - analysis
High blood cholesterol
High blood pressure
Humans
hypertension
kriging
Long-term air pollution exposure
Longitudinal Studies
Morbidity
nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen Dioxide - analysis
Nitrogen Dioxide - toxicity
ozone
Ozone - analysis
Particulate Matter - analysis
pollution control
Self Report
sulfur dioxide
Thailand - epidemiology
traffic
weather
Thailand
China
High blood cholesterol
Long-term air pollution exposure
High blood pressure
Diabetes
Cardiovascular disease risk factors
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0013-9351
1096-0953
1096-0953
DOI10.1016/j.envres.2020.110330

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Abstract Several studies have shown the health effects of air pollutants, especially in China, North American and Western European countries. But longitudinal cohort studies focused on health effects of long-term air pollution exposure are still limited in Southeast Asian countries where sources of air pollution, weather conditions, and demographic characteristics are different. The present study examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and self-reported morbidities in participants of the Thai cohort study (TCS) in Bangkok metropolitan region (BMR), Thailand. This longitudinal cohort study was conducted for 9 years from 2005 to 2013. Self-reported morbidities in this study included high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes. Air pollution data were obtained from the Thai government Pollution Control Department (PCD). Particles with diameters ≤10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO) exposures were estimated with ordinary kriging method using 22 background and 7 traffic monitoring stations in BMR during 2005–2013. Long-term exposure periods to air pollution for each subject was averaged as the same period of person-time. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between long-term air pollution exposure with self-reported high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes. Results of self-reported morbidity were presented as hazard ratios (HRs) per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO. After controlling for potential confounders, we found that an IQR increase in PM10 was significantly associated with self-reported high blood pressure (HR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.23) and high blood cholesterol (HR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.12), but not with diabetes (HR = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.91, 1.21). SO2 was also positively associated with self-reported high blood pressure (HR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.38), high blood cholesterol (HR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.30), and diabetes (HR = 1.21, 95%CI: 0.92, 1.60). Moreover, we observed a positive association between CO and self-reported high blood pressure (HR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.15), but not for other diseases. However, self-reported morbidities were not associated with O3 and NO2. Long-term exposure to air pollution, especially for PM10 and SO2 was associated with self-reported high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes in subjects of TCS. Our study supports that exposure to air pollution increases cardiovascular disease risk factors for younger population. •Evidence on health effects of long-term air pollution exposure are still limited in Southeast Asia.•SO2 was associated with an increased risks of self-reported high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes.•Increase of PM10 was also associated with the incidences of high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol.•The effects were observed even at the level below the National Standard Limit.•This study suggests air pollution increases cardiovascular disease risk factors for younger population.
AbstractList • Evidence on health effects of long-term air pollution exposure are still limited in Southeast Asia. • SO 2 was associated with an increased risks of self-reported high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes. • Increase of PM 10 was also associated with the incidences of high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol. • The effects were observed even at the level below the National Standard Limit. • This study suggests air pollution increases cardiovascular disease risk factors for younger population.
Several studies have shown the health effects of air pollutants, especially in China, North American and Western European countries. But longitudinal cohort studies focused on health effects of long-term air pollution exposure are still limited in Southeast Asian countries where sources of air pollution, weather conditions, and demographic characteristics are different. The present study examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and self-reported morbidities in participants of the Thai cohort study (TCS) in Bangkok metropolitan region (BMR), Thailand. This longitudinal cohort study was conducted for 9 years from 2005 to 2013. Self-reported morbidities in this study included high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes. Air pollution data were obtained from the Thai government Pollution Control Department (PCD). Particles with diameters ≤10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO) exposures were estimated with ordinary kriging method using 22 background and 7 traffic monitoring stations in BMR during 2005–2013. Long-term exposure periods to air pollution for each subject was averaged as the same period of person-time. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between long-term air pollution exposure with self-reported high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes. Results of self-reported morbidity were presented as hazard ratios (HRs) per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO. After controlling for potential confounders, we found that an IQR increase in PM10 was significantly associated with self-reported high blood pressure (HR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.23) and high blood cholesterol (HR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.12), but not with diabetes (HR = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.91, 1.21). SO2 was also positively associated with self-reported high blood pressure (HR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.38), high blood cholesterol (HR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.30), and diabetes (HR = 1.21, 95%CI: 0.92, 1.60). Moreover, we observed a positive association between CO and self-reported high blood pressure (HR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.15), but not for other diseases. However, self-reported morbidities were not associated with O3 and NO2. Long-term exposure to air pollution, especially for PM10 and SO2 was associated with self-reported high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes in subjects of TCS. Our study supports that exposure to air pollution increases cardiovascular disease risk factors for younger population. •Evidence on health effects of long-term air pollution exposure are still limited in Southeast Asia.•SO2 was associated with an increased risks of self-reported high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes.•Increase of PM10 was also associated with the incidences of high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol.•The effects were observed even at the level below the National Standard Limit.•This study suggests air pollution increases cardiovascular disease risk factors for younger population.
Several studies have shown the health effects of air pollutants, especially in China, North American and Western European countries. But longitudinal cohort studies focused on health effects of long-term air pollution exposure are still limited in Southeast Asian countries where sources of air pollution, weather conditions, and demographic characteristics are different. The present study examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and self-reported morbidities in participants of the Thai cohort study (TCS) in Bangkok metropolitan region (BMR), Thailand.BACKGROUNDSeveral studies have shown the health effects of air pollutants, especially in China, North American and Western European countries. But longitudinal cohort studies focused on health effects of long-term air pollution exposure are still limited in Southeast Asian countries where sources of air pollution, weather conditions, and demographic characteristics are different. The present study examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and self-reported morbidities in participants of the Thai cohort study (TCS) in Bangkok metropolitan region (BMR), Thailand.This longitudinal cohort study was conducted for 9 years from 2005 to 2013. Self-reported morbidities in this study included high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes. Air pollution data were obtained from the Thai government Pollution Control Department (PCD). Particles with diameters ≤10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO) exposures were estimated with ordinary kriging method using 22 background and 7 traffic monitoring stations in BMR during 2005-2013. Long-term exposure periods to air pollution for each subject was averaged as the same period of person-time. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between long-term air pollution exposure with self-reported high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes. Results of self-reported morbidity were presented as hazard ratios (HRs) per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO.METHODSThis longitudinal cohort study was conducted for 9 years from 2005 to 2013. Self-reported morbidities in this study included high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes. Air pollution data were obtained from the Thai government Pollution Control Department (PCD). Particles with diameters ≤10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO) exposures were estimated with ordinary kriging method using 22 background and 7 traffic monitoring stations in BMR during 2005-2013. Long-term exposure periods to air pollution for each subject was averaged as the same period of person-time. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between long-term air pollution exposure with self-reported high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes. Results of self-reported morbidity were presented as hazard ratios (HRs) per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO.After controlling for potential confounders, we found that an IQR increase in PM10 was significantly associated with self-reported high blood pressure (HR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.23) and high blood cholesterol (HR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.12), but not with diabetes (HR = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.91, 1.21). SO2 was also positively associated with self-reported high blood pressure (HR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.38), high blood cholesterol (HR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.30), and diabetes (HR = 1.21, 95%CI: 0.92, 1.60). Moreover, we observed a positive association between CO and self-reported high blood pressure (HR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.15), but not for other diseases. However, self-reported morbidities were not associated with O3 and NO2.RESULTSAfter controlling for potential confounders, we found that an IQR increase in PM10 was significantly associated with self-reported high blood pressure (HR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.23) and high blood cholesterol (HR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.12), but not with diabetes (HR = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.91, 1.21). SO2 was also positively associated with self-reported high blood pressure (HR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.38), high blood cholesterol (HR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.30), and diabetes (HR = 1.21, 95%CI: 0.92, 1.60). Moreover, we observed a positive association between CO and self-reported high blood pressure (HR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.15), but not for other diseases. However, self-reported morbidities were not associated with O3 and NO2.Long-term exposure to air pollution, especially for PM10 and SO2 was associated with self-reported high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes in subjects of TCS. Our study supports that exposure to air pollution increases cardiovascular disease risk factors for younger population.CONCLUSIONSLong-term exposure to air pollution, especially for PM10 and SO2 was associated with self-reported high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes in subjects of TCS. Our study supports that exposure to air pollution increases cardiovascular disease risk factors for younger population.
Several studies have shown the health effects of air pollutants, especially in China, North American and Western European countries. But longitudinal cohort studies focused on health effects of long-term air pollution exposure are still limited in Southeast Asian countries where sources of air pollution, weather conditions, and demographic characteristics are different. The present study examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and self-reported morbidities in participants of the Thai cohort study (TCS) in Bangkok metropolitan region (BMR), Thailand. This longitudinal cohort study was conducted for 9 years from 2005 to 2013. Self-reported morbidities in this study included high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes. Air pollution data were obtained from the Thai government Pollution Control Department (PCD). Particles with diameters ≤10 μm (PM ), sulfur dioxide (SO ), nitrogen dioxide (NO ), ozone (O ), and carbon monoxide (CO) exposures were estimated with ordinary kriging method using 22 background and 7 traffic monitoring stations in BMR during 2005-2013. Long-term exposure periods to air pollution for each subject was averaged as the same period of person-time. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between long-term air pollution exposure with self-reported high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes. Results of self-reported morbidity were presented as hazard ratios (HRs) per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM , O , NO , SO , and CO. After controlling for potential confounders, we found that an IQR increase in PM was significantly associated with self-reported high blood pressure (HR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.23) and high blood cholesterol (HR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.12), but not with diabetes (HR = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.91, 1.21). SO was also positively associated with self-reported high blood pressure (HR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.38), high blood cholesterol (HR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.30), and diabetes (HR = 1.21, 95%CI: 0.92, 1.60). Moreover, we observed a positive association between CO and self-reported high blood pressure (HR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.15), but not for other diseases. However, self-reported morbidities were not associated with O and NO . Long-term exposure to air pollution, especially for PM and SO was associated with self-reported high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes in subjects of TCS. Our study supports that exposure to air pollution increases cardiovascular disease risk factors for younger population.
Several studies have shown the health effects of air pollutants, especially in China, North American and Western European countries. But longitudinal cohort studies focused on health effects of long-term air pollution exposure are still limited in Southeast Asian countries where sources of air pollution, weather conditions, and demographic characteristics are different. The present study examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and self-reported morbidities in participants of the Thai cohort study (TCS) in Bangkok metropolitan region (BMR), Thailand.This longitudinal cohort study was conducted for 9 years from 2005 to 2013. Self-reported morbidities in this study included high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes. Air pollution data were obtained from the Thai government Pollution Control Department (PCD). Particles with diameters ≤10 μm (PM₁₀), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), ozone (O₃), and carbon monoxide (CO) exposures were estimated with ordinary kriging method using 22 background and 7 traffic monitoring stations in BMR during 2005–2013. Long-term exposure periods to air pollution for each subject was averaged as the same period of person-time. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between long-term air pollution exposure with self-reported high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes. Results of self-reported morbidity were presented as hazard ratios (HRs) per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM₁₀, O₃, NO₂, SO₂, and CO.After controlling for potential confounders, we found that an IQR increase in PM₁₀ was significantly associated with self-reported high blood pressure (HR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.23) and high blood cholesterol (HR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.12), but not with diabetes (HR = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.91, 1.21). SO₂ was also positively associated with self-reported high blood pressure (HR = 1.22, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.38), high blood cholesterol (HR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.30), and diabetes (HR = 1.21, 95%CI: 0.92, 1.60). Moreover, we observed a positive association between CO and self-reported high blood pressure (HR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.15), but not for other diseases. However, self-reported morbidities were not associated with O₃ and NO₂.Long-term exposure to air pollution, especially for PM₁₀ and SO₂ was associated with self-reported high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes in subjects of TCS. Our study supports that exposure to air pollution increases cardiovascular disease risk factors for younger population.
ArticleNumber 110330
Author Strazdins, Lyndall
Somsamai, Pathumvadee
Puengson, Janya
Vilainerun, Duangkae
Honda, Akiko
Tawatsupa, Benjawan
Friel, Sharon
Kelly, Matthew
Pandee, Daoruang
Ingviya, Thammasin
Churewong, Chaiyun
Tran, Tam
Rimpeekool, Wimalin
Sangrattanakul, Yodyiam
Sleigh, Adrian
Bain, Chris
Dellora, Tarie
Zhao, Jiaying
Lim, Lynette
Takano, Hirohisa
Yiengprugsawan, Vasoontara
Paoin, Kanawat
Prapamontol, Tippawan
Tangmunkongvorakul, Arunrat
Phosri, Arthit
Seposo, Xerxes Tesoro
Caldwell, Bruce
Khamman, Suwanee
Pangsap, Suttinan
Mark, Tanya
McMichael, Anthony
Dixon, Jane
Hounthasarn, Suttanit
Banwell, Cathy
Chokhanapitak, Jaruwan
Carmichael, Gordon
Sripaiboonkij, Nintita
Banks, Emily
Jordan, Susan
Buya, Suhaimee
Somboonsook, Boonchai
Berecki-Gisolf, Janneke
McClure, Roderick
Wimonwattanaphan, Wanee
Ueda, Kayo
Harley, David
Seubsman, Sam-ang
Kjellstrom, Tord
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  surname: Paoin
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  organization: Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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  givenname: Kayo
  surname: Ueda
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  organization: School of Human Ecology, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Nonthaburi, Thailand
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  givenname: Matthew
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  surname: Kelly
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  organization: Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33068582$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords High blood cholesterol
Long-term air pollution exposure
High blood pressure
Diabetes
Cardiovascular disease risk factors
Language English
License This is an open access article under the CC BY license.
Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Snippet Several studies have shown the health effects of air pollutants, especially in China, North American and Western European countries. But longitudinal cohort...
• Evidence on health effects of long-term air pollution exposure are still limited in Southeast Asia. • SO 2 was associated with an increased risks of...
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StartPage 110330
SubjectTerms air
Air Pollutants - analysis
Air Pollutants - toxicity
air pollution
Air Pollution - adverse effects
blood
carbon monoxide
Cardiovascular disease risk factors
China
cholesterol
chronic exposure
Cohort Studies
Diabetes
Environmental Exposure - adverse effects
Environmental Exposure - analysis
High blood cholesterol
High blood pressure
Humans
hypertension
kriging
Long-term air pollution exposure
Longitudinal Studies
Morbidity
nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen Dioxide - analysis
Nitrogen Dioxide - toxicity
ozone
Ozone - analysis
Particulate Matter - analysis
pollution control
Self Report
sulfur dioxide
Thailand - epidemiology
traffic
weather
Title Long-term air pollution exposure and self-reported morbidity: A longitudinal analysis from the Thai cohort study (TCS)
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110330
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33068582
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2451857877
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2552039024
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7768181
Volume 192
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