Resilience of S309 and AZD7442 monoclonal antibody treatments against infection by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage strains

Omicron variant strains encode large numbers of changes in the spike protein compared to historical SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Although in vitro studies have suggested that several monoclonal antibody therapies lose neutralizing activity against Omicron variants, the effects in vivo remain largely unknown...

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Published inNature communications Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 3824 - 11
Main Authors Case, James Brett, Mackin, Samantha, Errico, John M., Chong, Zhenlu, Madden, Emily A., Whitener, Bradley, Guarino, Barbara, Schmid, Michael A., Rosenthal, Kim, Ren, Kuishu, Dang, Ha V., Snell, Gyorgy, Jung, Ana, Droit, Lindsay, Handley, Scott A., Halfmann, Peter J., Kawaoka, Yoshihiro, Crowe, James E., Fremont, Daved H., Virgin, Herbert W., Loo, Yueh-Ming, Esser, Mark T., Purcell, Lisa A., Corti, Davide, Diamond, Michael S.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 02.07.2022
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects
13
13/1
13/106
13/31
631/250/2152/2153/1291
631/326/596/4130
64
64/60
82/1
82/103
ACE2
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
Animals
Antibodies, Monoclonal - pharmacology
Antibodies, Monoclonal - therapeutic use
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antibodies, Viral - therapeutic use
Biotechnology
Bronchopulmonary infection
Cell culture
Correlation analysis
COVID-19
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Drug Combinations
Glycoprotein S
Glycoproteins
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Immunotherapy
Infections
Lungs
Membrane Glycoproteins
Mice
Monoclonal antibodies
multidisciplinary
Mutation
Neutralization
Neutralization Tests
Neutralizing
Resilience
SARS-CoV-2
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
Spike protein
Transgenic mice
Viral diseases
Viral Envelope Proteins
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Omicron variant strains encode large numbers of changes in the spike protein compared to historical SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Although in vitro studies have suggested that several monoclonal antibody therapies lose neutralizing activity against Omicron variants, the effects in vivo remain largely unknown. Here, we report on the protective efficacy against three SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage strains (BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2) of two monoclonal antibody therapeutics (S309 [Vir Biotechnology] monotherapy and AZD7442 [AstraZeneca] combination), which correspond to ones used to treat or prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans. Despite losses in neutralization potency in cell culture, S309 or AZD7442 treatments reduced BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2 lung infection in susceptible mice that express human ACE2 (K18-hACE2) in prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Correlation analyses between in vitro neutralizing activity and reductions in viral burden in K18-hACE2 or human FcγR transgenic mice suggest that S309 and AZD7442 have different mechanisms of protection against Omicron variants, with S309 utilizing Fc effector function interactions and AZD7442 acting principally by direct neutralization. Our data in mice demonstrate the resilience of S309 and AZD7442 mAbs against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant strains and provide insight into the relationship between loss of antibody neutralization potency and retained protection in vivo. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern are less susceptible to therapeutic neutralizing antibodies, given mutations in the surface glycoprotein S. Here, Case et al. show that therapeutic antibodies S309 and AZD7442 reduce lung infection with SARSCoV-2 Omicron lineages in humanized mouse model despite the loss of neutralizing potency in vitro.
AbstractList Omicron variant strains encode large numbers of changes in the spike protein compared to historical SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Although in vitro studies have suggested that several monoclonal antibody therapies lose neutralizing activity against Omicron variants, the effects in vivo remain largely unknown. Here, we report on the protective efficacy against three SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage strains (BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2) of two monoclonal antibody therapeutics (S309 [Vir Biotechnology] monotherapy and AZD7442 [AstraZeneca] combination), which correspond to ones used to treat or prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans. Despite losses in neutralization potency in cell culture, S309 or AZD7442 treatments reduced BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2 lung infection in susceptible mice that express human ACE2 (K18-hACE2) in prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Correlation analyses between in vitro neutralizing activity and reductions in viral burden in K18-hACE2 or human FcγR transgenic mice suggest that S309 and AZD7442 have different mechanisms of protection against Omicron variants, with S309 utilizing Fc effector function interactions and AZD7442 acting principally by direct neutralization. Our data in mice demonstrate the resilience of S309 and AZD7442 mAbs against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant strains and provide insight into the relationship between loss of antibody neutralization potency and retained protection in vivo.Omicron variant strains encode large numbers of changes in the spike protein compared to historical SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Although in vitro studies have suggested that several monoclonal antibody therapies lose neutralizing activity against Omicron variants, the effects in vivo remain largely unknown. Here, we report on the protective efficacy against three SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage strains (BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2) of two monoclonal antibody therapeutics (S309 [Vir Biotechnology] monotherapy and AZD7442 [AstraZeneca] combination), which correspond to ones used to treat or prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans. Despite losses in neutralization potency in cell culture, S309 or AZD7442 treatments reduced BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2 lung infection in susceptible mice that express human ACE2 (K18-hACE2) in prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Correlation analyses between in vitro neutralizing activity and reductions in viral burden in K18-hACE2 or human FcγR transgenic mice suggest that S309 and AZD7442 have different mechanisms of protection against Omicron variants, with S309 utilizing Fc effector function interactions and AZD7442 acting principally by direct neutralization. Our data in mice demonstrate the resilience of S309 and AZD7442 mAbs against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant strains and provide insight into the relationship between loss of antibody neutralization potency and retained protection in vivo.
SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern are less susceptible to therapeutic neutralizing antibodies, given mutations in the surface glycoprotein S. Here, Case et al. show that therapeutic antibodies S309 and AZD7442 reduce lung infection with SARSCoV-2 Omicron lineages in humanized mouse model despite the loss of neutralizing potency in vitro.
Omicron variant strains encode large numbers of changes in the spike protein compared to historical SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Although in vitro studies have suggested that several monoclonal antibody therapies lose neutralizing activity against Omicron variants, the effects in vivo remain largely unknown. Here, we report on the protective efficacy against three SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage strains (BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2) of two monoclonal antibody therapeutics (S309 [Vir Biotechnology] monotherapy and AZD7442 [AstraZeneca] combination), which correspond to ones used to treat or prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans. Despite losses in neutralization potency in cell culture, S309 or AZD7442 treatments reduced BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2 lung infection in susceptible mice that express human ACE2 (K18-hACE2) in prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Correlation analyses between in vitro neutralizing activity and reductions in viral burden in K18-hACE2 or human FcγR transgenic mice suggest that S309 and AZD7442 have different mechanisms of protection against Omicron variants, with S309 utilizing Fc effector function interactions and AZD7442 acting principally by direct neutralization. Our data in mice demonstrate the resilience of S309 and AZD7442 mAbs against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant strains and provide insight into the relationship between loss of antibody neutralization potency and retained protection in vivo. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern are less susceptible to therapeutic neutralizing antibodies, given mutations in the surface glycoprotein S. Here, Case et al. show that therapeutic antibodies S309 and AZD7442 reduce lung infection with SARSCoV-2 Omicron lineages in humanized mouse model despite the loss of neutralizing potency in vitro.
Omicron variant strains encode large numbers of changes in the spike protein compared to historical SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Although in vitro studies have suggested that several monoclonal antibody therapies lose neutralizing activity against Omicron variants, the effects in vivo remain largely unknown. Here, we report on the protective efficacy against three SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage strains (BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2) of two monoclonal antibody therapeutics (S309 [Vir Biotechnology] monotherapy and AZD7442 [AstraZeneca] combination), which correspond to ones used to treat or prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans. Despite losses in neutralization potency in cell culture, S309 or AZD7442 treatments reduced BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2 lung infection in susceptible mice that express human ACE2 (K18-hACE2) in prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Correlation analyses between in vitro neutralizing activity and reductions in viral burden in K18-hACE2 or human FcγR transgenic mice suggest that S309 and AZD7442 have different mechanisms of protection against Omicron variants, with S309 utilizing Fc effector function interactions and AZD7442 acting principally by direct neutralization. Our data in mice demonstrate the resilience of S309 and AZD7442 mAbs against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant strains and provide insight into the relationship between loss of antibody neutralization potency and retained protection in vivo.SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern are less susceptible to therapeutic neutralizing antibodies, given mutations in the surface glycoprotein S. Here, Case et al. show that therapeutic antibodies S309 and AZD7442 reduce lung infection with SARSCoV-2 Omicron lineages in humanized mouse model despite the loss of neutralizing potency in vitro.
Omicron variant strains encode large numbers of changes in the spike protein compared to historical SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Although in vitro studies have suggested that several monoclonal antibody therapies lose neutralizing activity against Omicron variants, the effects in vivo remain largely unknown. Here, we report on the protective efficacy against three SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage strains (BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2) of two monoclonal antibody therapeutics (S309 [Vir Biotechnology] monotherapy and AZD7442 [AstraZeneca] combination), which correspond to ones used to treat or prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans. Despite losses in neutralization potency in cell culture, S309 or AZD7442 treatments reduced BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2 lung infection in susceptible mice that express human ACE2 (K18-hACE2) in prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Correlation analyses between in vitro neutralizing activity and reductions in viral burden in K18-hACE2 or human FcγR transgenic mice suggest that S309 and AZD7442 have different mechanisms of protection against Omicron variants, with S309 utilizing Fc effector function interactions and AZD7442 acting principally by direct neutralization. Our data in mice demonstrate the resilience of S309 and AZD7442 mAbs against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant strains and provide insight into the relationship between loss of antibody neutralization potency and retained protection in vivo.
ArticleNumber 3824
Author Errico, John M.
Snell, Gyorgy
Jung, Ana
Whitener, Bradley
Diamond, Michael S.
Loo, Yueh-Ming
Ren, Kuishu
Rosenthal, Kim
Virgin, Herbert W.
Dang, Ha V.
Droit, Lindsay
Guarino, Barbara
Crowe, James E.
Mackin, Samantha
Handley, Scott A.
Chong, Zhenlu
Esser, Mark T.
Halfmann, Peter J.
Kawaoka, Yoshihiro
Corti, Davide
Schmid, Michael A.
Purcell, Lisa A.
Case, James Brett
Madden, Emily A.
Fremont, Daved H.
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35780162$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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References_xml – reference: Cobb, R. R. et al. A combination of two human neutralizing antibodies prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection in cynomolgus macaques. Med (N Y), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2022.01.004 (2022).
– reference: UllahILive imaging of SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice reveals that neutralizing antibodies require Fc function for optimal efficacyImmunity20215421432158.e21151:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhvV2rtLrN10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.015
– reference: Zang, R. et al. TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes. Sci. Immunol.5, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abc3582 (2020).
– reference: Liu, L. et al. Striking Antibody Evasion Manifested by the Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2. Nature, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04388-0 (2021).
– reference: Saunders, K. O. Conceptual Approaches to Modulating Antibody Effector Functions and Circulation Half-Life. Fron. Immunol.10, https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01296 (2019).
– reference: Halfmann, P. J. et al. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron virus causes attenuated disease in mice and hamsters. Nature,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04441-6 (2022).
– reference: CameroniEBroadly neutralizing antibodies overcome SARS-CoV-2 Omicron antigenic shiftNature20226026646702022Natur.602..664C1:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XjvFOktLY%3D10.1038/s41586-021-04386-2
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Snippet Omicron variant strains encode large numbers of changes in the spike protein compared to historical SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Although in vitro studies have...
SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern are less susceptible to therapeutic neutralizing antibodies, given mutations in the surface glycoprotein S. Here, Case et al....
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ACE2
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
Animals
Antibodies, Monoclonal - pharmacology
Antibodies, Monoclonal - therapeutic use
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antibodies, Viral - therapeutic use
Biotechnology
Bronchopulmonary infection
Cell culture
Correlation analysis
COVID-19
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Drug Combinations
Glycoprotein S
Glycoproteins
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Immunotherapy
Infections
Lungs
Membrane Glycoproteins
Mice
Monoclonal antibodies
multidisciplinary
Mutation
Neutralization
Neutralization Tests
Neutralizing
Resilience
SARS-CoV-2
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
Spike protein
Transgenic mice
Viral diseases
Viral Envelope Proteins
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Title Resilience of S309 and AZD7442 monoclonal antibody treatments against infection by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage strains
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35780162
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