Molecular probes reveal deviations from Amontons’ law in multi-asperity frictional contacts

Amontons’ law defines the friction coefficient as the ratio between friction force and normal force, and assumes that both these forces depend linearly on the real contact area between the two sliding surfaces. However, experimental testing of frictional contact models has proven difficult, because...

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Published inNature communications Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 888 - 7
Main Authors Weber, B., Suhina, T., Junge, T., Pastewka, L., Brouwer, A. M., Bonn, D.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.03.2018
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Abstract Amontons’ law defines the friction coefficient as the ratio between friction force and normal force, and assumes that both these forces depend linearly on the real contact area between the two sliding surfaces. However, experimental testing of frictional contact models has proven difficult, because few in situ experiments are able to resolve this real contact area. Here, we present a contact detection method with molecular-level sensitivity. We find that while the friction force is proportional to the real contact area, the real contact area does not increase linearly with normal force. Contact simulations show that this is due to both elastic interactions between asperities on the surface and contact plasticity of the asperities. We reproduce the contact area and fine details of the measured contact geometry by including plastic hardening into the simulations. These new insights will pave the way for a quantitative microscopic understanding of contact mechanics and tribology. Amontons’ law assumes that friction and normal forces depend linearly on the contact area. Here, the authors use a new contact detection method to show that the law is broken because asperities interact and deform in the contact area to change it, thereby also changing the friction force.
AbstractList Amontons’ law defines the friction coefficient as the ratio between friction force and normal force, and assumes that both these forces depend linearly on the real contact area between the two sliding surfaces. However, experimental testing of frictional contact models has proven difficult, because few in situ experiments are able to resolve this real contact area. Here, we present a contact detection method with molecular-level sensitivity. We find that while the friction force is proportional to the real contact area, the real contact area does not increase linearly with normal force. Contact simulations show that this is due to both elastic interactions between asperities on the surface and contact plasticity of the asperities. We reproduce the contact area and fine details of the measured contact geometry by including plastic hardening into the simulations. These new insights will pave the way for a quantitative microscopic understanding of contact mechanics and tribology. Amontons’ law assumes that friction and normal forces depend linearly on the contact area. Here, the authors use a new contact detection method to show that the law is broken because asperities interact and deform in the contact area to change it, thereby also changing the friction force.
Abstract Amontons’ law defines the friction coefficient as the ratio between friction force and normal force, and assumes that both these forces depend linearly on the real contact area between the two sliding surfaces. However, experimental testing of frictional contact models has proven difficult, because few in situ experiments are able to resolve this real contact area. Here, we present a contact detection method with molecular-level sensitivity. We find that while the friction force is proportional to the real contact area, the real contact area does not increase linearly with normal force. Contact simulations show that this is due to both elastic interactions between asperities on the surface and contact plasticity of the asperities. We reproduce the contact area and fine details of the measured contact geometry by including plastic hardening into the simulations. These new insights will pave the way for a quantitative microscopic understanding of contact mechanics and tribology.
Amontons’ law assumes that friction and normal forces depend linearly on the contact area. Here, the authors use a new contact detection method to show that the law is broken because asperities interact and deform in the contact area to change it, thereby also changing the friction force.
Amontons' law defines the friction coefficient as the ratio between friction force and normal force, and assumes that both these forces depend linearly on the real contact area between the two sliding surfaces. However, experimental testing of frictional contact models has proven difficult, because few in situ experiments are able to resolve this real contact area. Here, we present a contact detection method with molecular-level sensitivity. We find that while the friction force is proportional to the real contact area, the real contact area does not increase linearly with normal force. Contact simulations show that this is due to both elastic interactions between asperities on the surface and contact plasticity of the asperities. We reproduce the contact area and fine details of the measured contact geometry by including plastic hardening into the simulations. These new insights will pave the way for a quantitative microscopic understanding of contact mechanics and tribology.
ArticleNumber 888
Author Brouwer, A. M.
Pastewka, L.
Junge, T.
Bonn, D.
Suhina, T.
Weber, B.
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  surname: Pastewka
  fullname: Pastewka, L.
  organization: Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, MicroTribology Center, Fraunhofer IWM, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg
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SSID ssj0000391844
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Snippet Amontons’ law defines the friction coefficient as the ratio between friction force and normal force, and assumes that both these forces depend linearly on the...
Amontons' law defines the friction coefficient as the ratio between friction force and normal force, and assumes that both these forces depend linearly on the...
Abstract Amontons’ law defines the friction coefficient as the ratio between friction force and normal force, and assumes that both these forces depend...
Amontons’ law assumes that friction and normal forces depend linearly on the contact area. Here, the authors use a new contact detection method to show that...
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SubjectTerms 132/124
147/3
639/301/119/544
639/301/357/537
Asperity
Coefficient of friction
Computer simulation
Friction
Humanities and Social Sciences
Legal issues
multidisciplinary
Plasticity
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Tribology
Ultrasonic testing
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Title Molecular probes reveal deviations from Amontons’ law in multi-asperity frictional contacts
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41467-018-02981-y
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29497030
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2009579213
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2010368183
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5832787
https://doaj.org/article/7a0d3552b744403896fb48b28836be0c
Volume 9
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