Prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis and its association with milking practices in an intensive dairy production region of Uganda

A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) in Mbarara District, an intensive dairy production region of Uganda where hand-milking is dominant. In 30 farms, herd-level milking practices and SCM prevalence were studied. The SCM prevalences wer...

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Published inJournal of Veterinary Medical Science Vol. 82; no. 4; pp. 488 - 493
Main Authors MIYAMA, Takeshi, BYARUHANGA, Joseph, OKAMURA, Ikuo, NAGAHATA, Hajime, MURATA, Ryo, MWEBEMBEZI, William, MURAMATSU, Yasukazu, MAKITA, Kohei
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Japan JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE 01.04.2020
Japan Science and Technology Agency
The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science
Subjects
dairy cattle
Farms
hand-milking
Internal Medicine
Mastitis
Milking
milking practice
Risk factors
sub-clinical mastitis
Uganda
Uganda
hand-milking
milking practice
Uganda
dairy cattle
sub-clinical mastitis
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Abstract A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) in Mbarara District, an intensive dairy production region of Uganda where hand-milking is dominant. In 30 farms, herd-level milking practices and SCM prevalence were studied. The SCM prevalences were 68.6% (417/608, 95% confidence interval (CI): 64.9–72.2%) and 39.2% (946/2,411, 37.3–41.2%) at the cow- and quarter-levels, respectively. A preventive factor for SCM was cow calmness at the end of milking (OR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.05–0.79, P=0.021); a risk factor was rough teat-end (OR: 1.75, 95%CI: 1.14–2.68, P=0.011). Good cow hygiene was negatively associated with environmental mastitis (P=0.002). Appropriate hand-milking practices that avoid teat damage are expected to reduce SCM in Uganda.
AbstractList A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) in Mbarara District, an intensive dairy production region of Uganda where hand-milking is dominant. In 30 farms, herd-level milking practices and SCM prevalence were studied. The SCM prevalences were 68.6% (417/608, 95% confidence interval (CI): 64.9–72.2%) and 39.2% (946/2,411, 37.3–41.2%) at the cow- and quarter-levels, respectively. A preventive factor for SCM was cow calmness at the end of milking (OR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.05–0.79, P=0.021); a risk factor was rough teat-end (OR: 1.75, 95%CI: 1.14–2.68, P=0.011). Good cow hygiene was negatively associated with environmental mastitis (P=0.002). Appropriate hand-milking practices that avoid teat damage are expected to reduce SCM in Uganda.
A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) in Mbarara District, an intensive dairy production region of Uganda where hand-milking is dominant. In 30 farms, herd-level milking practices and SCM prevalence were studied. The SCM prevalences were 68.6% (417/608, 95% confidence interval (CI): 64.9-72.2%) and 39.2% (946/2,411, 37.3-41.2%) at the cow- and quarter-levels, respectively. A preventive factor for SCM was cow calmness at the end of milking (OR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.05-0.79, P=0.021); a risk factor was rough teat-end (OR: 1.75, 95%CI: 1.14-2.68, P=0.011). Good cow hygiene was negatively associated with environmental mastitis (P=0.002). Appropriate hand-milking practices that avoid teat damage are expected to reduce SCM in Uganda.A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) in Mbarara District, an intensive dairy production region of Uganda where hand-milking is dominant. In 30 farms, herd-level milking practices and SCM prevalence were studied. The SCM prevalences were 68.6% (417/608, 95% confidence interval (CI): 64.9-72.2%) and 39.2% (946/2,411, 37.3-41.2%) at the cow- and quarter-levels, respectively. A preventive factor for SCM was cow calmness at the end of milking (OR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.05-0.79, P=0.021); a risk factor was rough teat-end (OR: 1.75, 95%CI: 1.14-2.68, P=0.011). Good cow hygiene was negatively associated with environmental mastitis (P=0.002). Appropriate hand-milking practices that avoid teat damage are expected to reduce SCM in Uganda.
A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) in Mbarara District, an intensive dairy production region of Uganda where hand-milking is dominant. In 30 farms, herd-level milking practices and SCM prevalence were studied. The SCM prevalences were 68.6% (417/608, 95% confidence interval (CI): 64.9–72.2%) and 39.2% (946/2,411, 37.3–41.2%) at the cow- and quarter-levels, respectively. A preventive factor for SCM was cow calmness at the end of milking (OR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.05–0.79, P =0.021); a risk factor was rough teat-end (OR: 1.75, 95%CI: 1.14–2.68, P =0.011). Good cow hygiene was negatively associated with environmental mastitis ( P =0.002). Appropriate hand-milking practices that avoid teat damage are expected to reduce SCM in Uganda.
Author BYARUHANGA, Joseph
OKAMURA, Ikuo
MIYAMA, Takeshi
MURAMATSU, Yasukazu
MWEBEMBEZI, William
NAGAHATA, Hajime
MURATA, Ryo
MAKITA, Kohei
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  organization: Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
– sequence: 2
  fullname: BYARUHANGA, Joseph
  organization: Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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  fullname: OKAMURA, Ikuo
  organization: Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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  fullname: NAGAHATA, Hajime
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  fullname: MURATA, Ryo
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  fullname: MWEBEMBEZI, William
  organization: Mbarara District Veterinary Office, Mbarara District Local Government, P.O. Box 1, Mbarara, Uganda
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  fullname: MURAMATSU, Yasukazu
  organization: Zoonotic Diseases Unit, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
– sequence: 8
  fullname: MAKITA, Kohei
  organization: Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Issue 4
Keywords hand-milking
milking practice
Uganda
dairy cattle
sub-clinical mastitis
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References 10. Hogan, J. S., White, D. G. and Pankey, J. W. 1987. Effects of teat dipping on intramammary infections by staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus. J. Dairy Sci. 70: 873–879.
5. Byarugaba, D. K., Nakavuma, J. L., Vaarst, M. and Laker, C. 2008. Mastitis occurrence and constraints to mastitis control in smallholder dairy farming systems in Uganda. Livest. Res. Rural Dev. 20: 5.
20. R Core Team 2019. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. https://www.r-project.org/ [accessed on September 19, 2019].
13. Kasozi, K. I., Tingiira, J. B. and Vudriko, P. 2014. High prevalence of subclinical mastitis and multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus are a threat to dairy cattle production in Kiboga district (Uganda). Open J. Vet. Med. 04: 35–43.
21. Ruegg, P. 2005. California Mastitis Test (CMT) Fact Sheet 1. http://milkquality.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/california-mastitis-test-fact-sheet.pdf [accessed on February 20, 2018].
3. Björk, S. 2013. Clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle in Kampala, Uganda. https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/5631/ [accessed on April 2, 2018].
14. Lam, T. J., van Vliet, J. H., Schukken, Y. H., Grommers, F. J., van Velden-Russcher, A., Barkema, H. W. and Brand, A. 1997. The effect of discontinuation of postmilking teat disinfection in low somatic cell count herds. II. Dynamics of intramammary infections. Vet. Q. 19: 47–53.
2. Bernard, F., Vincent, C., Matthieu, L., David, R. and James, D. 2005. Tuberculosis and brucellosis prevalence survey on dairy cattle in Mbarara milk basin (Uganda). Prev. Vet. Med. 67: 267–281.
22. Ruegg, P. 2002. Udder hygiene scoring chart. https://milkquality.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/212/2011/09/udder-hygiene-scoring-chart.pdf [accessed on March 15, 2019].
9. FAO 2014. Impact of mastitis in small scale dairy production systems. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3377e.pdf [accessed on March 23, 2018].
1. Abrahmsén, M., Persson, Y., Kanyima, B. M. and Båge, R. 2014. Prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy farms in urban and peri-urban areas of Kampala, Uganda. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 46: 99–105.
8. Dohoo, I., Martin, W. and Stryhn, H. 2014. Mixed models for discrete data. pp. 579–606. In: Veterinary Epidemiologic Research, 2nd ed., VER Inc., Charlottetown.
15. McDougall, S. 1999. Prevalence of clinical mastitis in 38 Waikato dairy herds in early lactation. N. Z. Vet. J. 47: 143–149.
16. National Mastitis Council 2017. Laboratory handbook on bovine mastitis, 3rd ed., National Mastitis Council, Inc., New Prague.
17. Neijenhuis, F., Barkema, H. W., Hogeveen, H. and Noordhuizen, J. P. 2000. Classification and longitudinal examination of callused teat ends in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83: 2795–2804.
6. Directorate Agricultural Information Services 2008. Rules for clean hand-milking. http://www.daff.gov.za/daffweb3/Portals/0/InfoPaks/Cattle_handmilking.pdf [accessed on April 12, 2018].
23. Ssajjakambwe, P., Bahizi, G., Setumba, C., Kisaka, S. M. B., Vudriko, P., Atuheire, C., Kabasa, J. D. and Kaneene, J. B. 2017. Milk hygiene in rural southwestern Uganda: Prevalence of mastitis and antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial contaminants of milk and milk products. Vet. Med. Int. 2017: 8710758.
11. Hulsen, J. 2007. Cow Signals, UK (Irela ed.), Roodbont Publishers, Zutphen.
19. Pyörälä, S. and Taponen, S. 2009. Coagulase-negative staphylococci-emerging mastitis pathogens. Vet. Microbiol. 134: 3–8.
12. Karimuribo, E. D., Fitzpatrick, J. L., Swai, E. S., Bell, C., Bryant, M. J., Ogden, N. H., Kambarage, D. M. and French, N. P. 2008. Prevalence of subclinical mastitis and associated risk factors in smallholder dairy cows in Tanzania. Vet. Rec. 163: 16–21.
25. van Buuren, S. 2018. Multilevel multiple imutation. In: Flexible Imputation of Missing Data, 2nd ed., Chapman & Hall/CRC, Vancouver.
4. Blowey, R. and Edmondson, P. 2010. Mastitis control in dairy herds, 2nd ed., CAB International, Wallingford.
7. Dohoo, I., Martin, W. and Stryhn, H. 2014. Confounding: detection and control. pp. 271–322. In: Veterinary Epidemiologic Research, 2nd ed., VER Inc., Charlottetown.
18. Pastell, M., Aisla, A. M., Hautala, M., Poikalainen, V., Praks, J., Veermäe, I. and Ahokas, J. 2006. Contactless measurement of cow behavior in a milking robot. Behav. Res. Methods 38: 479–486.
24. Textor, J., Hardt, J. and Knüppel, S. 2011. DAGitty: a graphical tool for analyzing causal diagrams. Epidemiology 22: 745.
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References_xml – reference: 16. National Mastitis Council 2017. Laboratory handbook on bovine mastitis, 3rd ed., National Mastitis Council, Inc., New Prague.
– reference: 19. Pyörälä, S. and Taponen, S. 2009. Coagulase-negative staphylococci-emerging mastitis pathogens. Vet. Microbiol. 134: 3–8.
– reference: 8. Dohoo, I., Martin, W. and Stryhn, H. 2014. Mixed models for discrete data. pp. 579–606. In: Veterinary Epidemiologic Research, 2nd ed., VER Inc., Charlottetown.
– reference: 1. Abrahmsén, M., Persson, Y., Kanyima, B. M. and Båge, R. 2014. Prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy farms in urban and peri-urban areas of Kampala, Uganda. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 46: 99–105.
– reference: 14. Lam, T. J., van Vliet, J. H., Schukken, Y. H., Grommers, F. J., van Velden-Russcher, A., Barkema, H. W. and Brand, A. 1997. The effect of discontinuation of postmilking teat disinfection in low somatic cell count herds. II. Dynamics of intramammary infections. Vet. Q. 19: 47–53.
– reference: 10. Hogan, J. S., White, D. G. and Pankey, J. W. 1987. Effects of teat dipping on intramammary infections by staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus. J. Dairy Sci. 70: 873–879.
– reference: 21. Ruegg, P. 2005. California Mastitis Test (CMT) Fact Sheet 1. http://milkquality.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/california-mastitis-test-fact-sheet.pdf [accessed on February 20, 2018].
– reference: 2. Bernard, F., Vincent, C., Matthieu, L., David, R. and James, D. 2005. Tuberculosis and brucellosis prevalence survey on dairy cattle in Mbarara milk basin (Uganda). Prev. Vet. Med. 67: 267–281.
– reference: 4. Blowey, R. and Edmondson, P. 2010. Mastitis control in dairy herds, 2nd ed., CAB International, Wallingford.
– reference: 5. Byarugaba, D. K., Nakavuma, J. L., Vaarst, M. and Laker, C. 2008. Mastitis occurrence and constraints to mastitis control in smallholder dairy farming systems in Uganda. Livest. Res. Rural Dev. 20: 5.
– reference: 22. Ruegg, P. 2002. Udder hygiene scoring chart. https://milkquality.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/212/2011/09/udder-hygiene-scoring-chart.pdf [accessed on March 15, 2019].
– reference: 18. Pastell, M., Aisla, A. M., Hautala, M., Poikalainen, V., Praks, J., Veermäe, I. and Ahokas, J. 2006. Contactless measurement of cow behavior in a milking robot. Behav. Res. Methods 38: 479–486.
– reference: 12. Karimuribo, E. D., Fitzpatrick, J. L., Swai, E. S., Bell, C., Bryant, M. J., Ogden, N. H., Kambarage, D. M. and French, N. P. 2008. Prevalence of subclinical mastitis and associated risk factors in smallholder dairy cows in Tanzania. Vet. Rec. 163: 16–21.
– reference: 3. Björk, S. 2013. Clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle in Kampala, Uganda. https://stud.epsilon.slu.se/5631/ [accessed on April 2, 2018].
– reference: 15. McDougall, S. 1999. Prevalence of clinical mastitis in 38 Waikato dairy herds in early lactation. N. Z. Vet. J. 47: 143–149.
– reference: 6. Directorate Agricultural Information Services 2008. Rules for clean hand-milking. http://www.daff.gov.za/daffweb3/Portals/0/InfoPaks/Cattle_handmilking.pdf [accessed on April 12, 2018].
– reference: 25. van Buuren, S. 2018. Multilevel multiple imutation. In: Flexible Imputation of Missing Data, 2nd ed., Chapman & Hall/CRC, Vancouver.
– reference: 9. FAO 2014. Impact of mastitis in small scale dairy production systems. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3377e.pdf [accessed on March 23, 2018].
– reference: 17. Neijenhuis, F., Barkema, H. W., Hogeveen, H. and Noordhuizen, J. P. 2000. Classification and longitudinal examination of callused teat ends in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 83: 2795–2804.
– reference: 11. Hulsen, J. 2007. Cow Signals, UK (Irela ed.), Roodbont Publishers, Zutphen.
– reference: 20. R Core Team 2019. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. https://www.r-project.org/ [accessed on September 19, 2019].
– reference: 24. Textor, J., Hardt, J. and Knüppel, S. 2011. DAGitty: a graphical tool for analyzing causal diagrams. Epidemiology 22: 745.
– reference: 13. Kasozi, K. I., Tingiira, J. B. and Vudriko, P. 2014. High prevalence of subclinical mastitis and multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus are a threat to dairy cattle production in Kiboga district (Uganda). Open J. Vet. Med. 04: 35–43.
– reference: 23. Ssajjakambwe, P., Bahizi, G., Setumba, C., Kisaka, S. M. B., Vudriko, P., Atuheire, C., Kabasa, J. D. and Kaneene, J. B. 2017. Milk hygiene in rural southwestern Uganda: Prevalence of mastitis and antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial contaminants of milk and milk products. Vet. Med. Int. 2017: 8710758.
– reference: 7. Dohoo, I., Martin, W. and Stryhn, H. 2014. Confounding: detection and control. pp. 271–322. In: Veterinary Epidemiologic Research, 2nd ed., VER Inc., Charlottetown.
– ident: 15
  doi: 10.1080/00480169.1999.36131
– ident: 1
  doi: 10.1007/s11250-013-0455-7
– ident: 24
  doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e318225c2be
– ident: 16
– ident: 17
  doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)75177-0
– ident: 10
  doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(87)80086-3
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Snippet A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) in Mbarara District, an intensive dairy production region...
A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) in Mbarara District, an intensive dairy production region...
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SubjectTerms dairy cattle
Farms
hand-milking
Internal Medicine
Mastitis
Milking
milking practice
Risk factors
sub-clinical mastitis
Uganda
Title Prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis and its association with milking practices in an intensive dairy production region of Uganda
URI https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jvms/82/4/82_19-0588/_article/-char/en
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32132316
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2397245555
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2371855362
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7192731
Volume 82
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