Arterial endothelial function in a porcine model of early stage atherosclerotic vascular disease

Summary Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and is projected to become the leading cause of mortality in the world. Atherosclerosis is the most important single factor contributing to this disease burden. In this study, we characterize re...

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Published inInternational journal of experimental pathology Vol. 86; no. 5; pp. 335 - 345
Main Authors Turk, James R., Henderson, Kyle K., Vanvickle, Gregory D., Watkins, Justin, Laughlin, M. Harold
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford, UK; Malden, USA Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc 01.10.2005
Blackwell Science
Blackwell Science Inc
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Pig
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Abstract Summary Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and is projected to become the leading cause of mortality in the world. Atherosclerosis is the most important single factor contributing to this disease burden. In this study, we characterize relationships between endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease in an animal model of diet‐induced, early‐stage atherosclerotic vascular disease. We tested the hypothesis that hypercholesterolaemia induces vascular disease and impairs endothelium‐dependent relaxation (EDR) in conduit arteries of adult male Yucatan pigs. Pigs were fed a normal fat (NF) or high fat cholesterol (HFC) diet for 20–24 weeks. Results indicate that, while the HFC diet did not alter EDR in femoral or brachial arteries, EDR was significantly decreased in both carotid and coronary arteries. Sudanophilic fatty streaks were significantly present in the abdominal aorta and common carotid artery. Histopathology revealed increased intima‐media thickness (IMT) and foam cell accumulation in Stary Stage I–III lesions in the abdominal aorta, common carotid artery and femoral arteries. In the coronary arteries, the accumulation of foam cells in Stary Stage I and II lesions resulted in a trend for increased IMT. There was no evidence of vascular disease in the brachial arteries. These results indicate that early stages of CVD (Stary Stage I–III) precede decreases in EDR induced by HFC diet, because femoral arteries exhibited foam cell accumulation and an increased IMT but no change in endothelial function.
AbstractList Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and is projected to become the leading cause of mortality in the world. Atherosclerosis is the most important single factor contributing to this disease burden. In this study, we characterize relationships between endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease in an animal model of diet-induced, early-stage atherosclerotic vascular disease. We tested the hypothesis that hypercholesterolaemia induces vascular disease and impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) in conduit arteries of adult male Yucatan pigs. Pigs were fed a normal fat (NF) or high fat cholesterol (HFC) diet for 20-24 weeks. Results indicate that, while the HFC diet did not alter EDR in femoral or brachial arteries, EDR was significantly decreased in both carotid and coronary arteries. Sudanophilic fatty streaks were significantly present in the abdominal aorta and common carotid artery. Histopathology revealed increased intima-media thickness (IMT) and foam cell accumulation in Stary Stage I-III lesions in the abdominal aorta, common carotid artery and femoral arteries. In the coronary arteries, the accumulation of foam cells in Stary Stage I and II lesions resulted in a trend for increased IMT. There was no evidence of vascular disease in the brachial arteries. These results indicate that early stages of CVD (Stary Stage I-III) precede decreases in EDR induced by HFC diet, because femoral arteries exhibited foam cell accumulation and an increased IMT but no change in endothelial function.
Summary Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and is projected to become the leading cause of mortality in the world. Atherosclerosis is the most important single factor contributing to this disease burden. In this study, we characterize relationships between endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease in an animal model of diet‐induced, early‐stage atherosclerotic vascular disease. We tested the hypothesis that hypercholesterolaemia induces vascular disease and impairs endothelium‐dependent relaxation (EDR) in conduit arteries of adult male Yucatan pigs. Pigs were fed a normal fat (NF) or high fat cholesterol (HFC) diet for 20–24 weeks. Results indicate that, while the HFC diet did not alter EDR in femoral or brachial arteries, EDR was significantly decreased in both carotid and coronary arteries. Sudanophilic fatty streaks were significantly present in the abdominal aorta and common carotid artery. Histopathology revealed increased intima‐media thickness (IMT) and foam cell accumulation in Stary Stage I–III lesions in the abdominal aorta, common carotid artery and femoral arteries. In the coronary arteries, the accumulation of foam cells in Stary Stage I and II lesions resulted in a trend for increased IMT. There was no evidence of vascular disease in the brachial arteries. These results indicate that early stages of CVD (Stary Stage I–III) precede decreases in EDR induced by HFC diet, because femoral arteries exhibited foam cell accumulation and an increased IMT but no change in endothelial function.
Author Vanvickle, Gregory D.
Turk, James R.
Watkins, Justin
Henderson, Kyle K.
Laughlin, M. Harold
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: James R.
  surname: Turk
  fullname: Turk, James R.
  email: turkj@missouri.edu
  organization: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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  givenname: Kyle K.
  surname: Henderson
  fullname: Henderson, Kyle K.
  organization: Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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  givenname: Gregory D.
  surname: Vanvickle
  fullname: Vanvickle, Gregory D.
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  givenname: Justin
  surname: Watkins
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  surname: Laughlin
  fullname: Laughlin, M. Harold
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Issue 5
Keywords Endothelial cell
Femur
Cardiovascular disease
Lipids
Early stage
Hyperlipoproteinemia
Lipoprotein
endothelial dysfunction
Vascular disease
femoral
Blood vessel
Atherosclerosis
Aorta
Dyslipemia
Ungulata
coronary
Coronary artery
porcine
Metabolic diseases
Coronary heart disease
Cholesterol
Endothelium
Pig
Vertebrata
Anatomic pathology
Clinical stage
Mammalia
Hypercholesterolemia
Dysfunction
Animal
Carotid
Models
Circulatory system
Artiodactyla
Language English
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Snippet Summary Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and is projected to become the leading cause of...
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and is projected to become the leading cause of mortality in...
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SourceType Open Access Repository
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StartPage 335
SubjectTerms Acetylcholine - pharmacology
Animals
aorta
Aorta, Abdominal
atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research)
Atherosclerosis - pathology
Atherosclerosis - physiopathology
Biological and medical sciences
Blood and lymphatic vessels
Bradykinin - pharmacology
Cardiology. Vascular system
carotid
Carotid Artery, Common
Cholesterol, Dietary
coronary
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - pharmacology
Dietary Fats
Endothelial Cells - pathology
endothelial dysfunction
Endothelium, Vascular - pathology
Endothelium, Vascular - physiopathology
femoral
Femoral Artery
Foam Cells - pathology
hypercholesterolemia
Hypercholesterolemia - pathology
Hypercholesterolemia - physiopathology
In Vitro Techniques
Indomethacin - pharmacology
Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)
Male
Medical sciences
Models, Animal
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester - pharmacology
Nitric Oxide Synthase - antagonists & inhibitors
Original
Pathology. Cytology. Biochemistry. Spectrometry. Miscellaneous investigative techniques
porcine
Swine
Tunica Intima
Vasodilation
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Title Arterial endothelial function in a porcine model of early stage atherosclerotic vascular disease
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