Sex differences in immune responses that underlie COVID-19 disease outcomes

• Published in: Nature (London) Vol. 588; no. 7837; pp. 315 - 320
• Main Authors: Takahashi, Takehiro, Ellingson, Mallory K., Wong, Patrick, Israelow, Benjamin, Lucas, Carolina, Klein, Jon, Silva, Julio, Mao, Tianyang, Oh, Ji Eun, Tokuyama, Maria, Lu, Peiwen, Venkataraman, Arvind, Park, Annsea, Liu, Feimei, Meir, Amit, Sun, Jonathan, Wang, Eric Y., Casanovas-Massana, Arnau, Wyllie, Anne L., Vogels, Chantal B. F., Earnest, Rebecca, Lapidus, Sarah, Ott, Isabel M., Moore, Adam J., Shaw, Albert, Fournier, John B., Odio, Camila D., Farhadian, Shelli, Dela Cruz, Charles, Grubaugh, Nathan D., Schulz, Wade L., Ring, Aaron M., Ko, Albert I., Omer, Saad B., Iwasaki, Akiko
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 10.12.2020; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 13; 13/1; 13/21; 13/31; 631/250/255/2514; 631/250/256/2516; 631/326/596/4130; Age; Antibodies; Body mass index; Cell activation; Chemokines; Chemokines - blood; Chemokines - immunology; Cohort Studies; Coronaviridae; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 - blood; COVID-19 - immunology; COVID-19 - virology; Cytokines; Cytokines - blood; Cytokines - immunology; Demographics; Disease Progression; Female; Females; Gender aspects; Gender differences; Growth factors; Hepatitis; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Immune response; Immunity, Innate - immunology; Immunomodulation; Immunomodulators; Interleukin 18; Interleukin 8; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes T; Male; Men; Monocytes; Monocytes - immunology; multidisciplinary; Observations; Patients; Phenotype; Phenotyping; Plasma; Plasma levels; Prognosis; Respiratory diseases; RNA, Viral - analysis; Robustness; SARS-CoV-2 - immunology; SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Sex; Sex Characteristics; Sex differences; Sexes; Signs and symptoms; T-Lymphocytes - immunology; Viral diseases; Viral Load; China

There is increasing evidence that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) produces more severe symptoms and higher mortality among men than among women 1 – 5 . However, whether immune responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) differ between sexes, and whether such diff...