The continuing value of twin studies in the omics era

Key Points Twins are valuable subjects for studies in which control over genetic background and early environmental influences is desired. Monozygotic twins are derived from a single zygote and are therefore matched for genetic background. Dizygotic twins are derived from two zygotes and share the s...

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Published inNature reviews. Genetics Vol. 13; no. 9; pp. 640 - 653
Main Authors van Dongen, Jenny, Slagboom, P. Eline, Draisma, Harmen H. M., Martin, Nicholas G., Boomsma, Dorret I.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.09.2012
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects
631/337
692/308/2056
Agriculture
Animal Genetics and Genomics
Biological and medical sciences
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cancer Research
DNA methylation
Epidemiology
Epigenomics
Estimates
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gene Function
Genetic Diseases, Inborn - genetics
Genetic engineering
Genetic variation
Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution
Genomes
Genomics
Heritability
Human Genetics
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Metabolomics
Phenotype
Proteomics
Registries
review-article
Twin studies
Twin Studies as Topic
Twins
Australia
Queensland Australia
Netherlands
Review
Twin
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Key Points Twins are valuable subjects for studies in which control over genetic background and early environmental influences is desired. Monozygotic twins are derived from a single zygote and are therefore matched for genetic background. Dizygotic twins are derived from two zygotes and share the same amount of genetic material as normal siblings. Both types of twins share prenatal and early environmental influences. Twin registries worldwide have established vast collections of longitudinal phenotypic data as well as biological material in twins, offering a valuable resource for studying the molecular biology of complex traits. The classical twin design compares the phenotypic similarity of monozygotic and dizygotic twins to estimate the importance of heritable and environmental influences on complex trait variation. Classical twin studies have provided estimates of heritability for numerous traits in the biomedical, psychiatric and behavioural domain. Multivariate twin studies address the causes of association among phenotypes. Associations can be among different phenotypes or across age and are explained by common genetic or environmental influences. We describe studies that applied the classical twin design to unravel the importance of genetic and environmental influences on variation in DNA methylation, gene expression, metabolomic and proteomic profiles in various tissues and on the composition of gut microbial communities. The comparison of molecular profiles of phenotypically discordant monozygotic twin pairs is a powerful method to identify molecular characteristics associated with complex traits, including point mutations and genomic structural variation, differentially expressed and differentially methylated genes and metabolic profiles. Examples of this approach are given for a range of disorders and traits. Twin studies have long been used for dissecting the relative contributions of genetics and other factors to various phenotypes. This Review discusses how these traditional studies are now being integrated with modern omics technologies to provide a wide range of biological insights. The classical twin study has been a powerful heuristic in biomedical, psychiatric and behavioural research for decades. Twin registries worldwide have collected biological material and longitudinal phenotypic data on tens of thousands of twins, providing a valuable resource for studying complex phenotypes and their underlying biology. In this Review, we consider the continuing value of twin studies in the current era of molecular genetic studies. We conclude that classical twin methods combined with novel technologies represent a powerful approach towards identifying and understanding the molecular pathways that underlie complex traits.
AbstractList Key Points Twins are valuable subjects for studies in which control over genetic background and early environmental influences is desired. Monozygotic twins are derived from a single zygote and are therefore matched for genetic background. Dizygotic twins are derived from two zygotes and share the same amount of genetic material as normal siblings. Both types of twins share prenatal and early environmental influences. Twin registries worldwide have established vast collections of longitudinal phenotypic data as well as biological material in twins, offering a valuable resource for studying the molecular biology of complex traits. The classical twin design compares the phenotypic similarity of monozygotic and dizygotic twins to estimate the importance of heritable and environmental influences on complex trait variation. Classical twin studies have provided estimates of heritability for numerous traits in the biomedical, psychiatric and behavioural domain. Multivariate twin studies address the causes of association among phenotypes. Associations can be among different phenotypes or across age and are explained by common genetic or environmental influences. We describe studies that applied the classical twin design to unravel the importance of genetic and environmental influences on variation in DNA methylation, gene expression, metabolomic and proteomic profiles in various tissues and on the composition of gut microbial communities. The comparison of molecular profiles of phenotypically discordant monozygotic twin pairs is a powerful method to identify molecular characteristics associated with complex traits, including point mutations and genomic structural variation, differentially expressed and differentially methylated genes and metabolic profiles. Examples of this approach are given for a range of disorders and traits. Twin studies have long been used for dissecting the relative contributions of genetics and other factors to various phenotypes. This Review discusses how these traditional studies are now being integrated with modern omics technologies to provide a wide range of biological insights. The classical twin study has been a powerful heuristic in biomedical, psychiatric and behavioural research for decades. Twin registries worldwide have collected biological material and longitudinal phenotypic data on tens of thousands of twins, providing a valuable resource for studying complex phenotypes and their underlying biology. In this Review, we consider the continuing value of twin studies in the current era of molecular genetic studies. We conclude that classical twin methods combined with novel technologies represent a powerful approach towards identifying and understanding the molecular pathways that underlie complex traits.
The classical twin study has been a powerful heuristic in biomedical, psychiatric and behavioural research for decades. Twin registries worldwide have collected biological material and longitudinal phenotypic data on tens of thousands of twins, providing a valuable resource for studying complex phenotypes and their underlying biology. In this Review, we consider the continuing value of twin studies in the current era of molecular genetic studies. We conclude that classical twin methods combined with novel technologies represent a powerful approach towards identifying and understanding the molecular pathways that underlie complex traits.
The classical twin study has been a powerful heuristic in biomedical, psychiatric and behavioural research for decades. Twin registries worldwide have collected biological material and longitudinal phenotypic data on tens of thousands of twins, providing a valuable resource for studying complex phenotypes and their underlying biology. In this Review, we consider the continuing value of twin studies in the current era of molecular genetic studies. We conclude that classical twin methods combined with novel technologies represent a powerful approach towards identifying and understanding the molecular pathways that underlie complex traits.The classical twin study has been a powerful heuristic in biomedical, psychiatric and behavioural research for decades. Twin registries worldwide have collected biological material and longitudinal phenotypic data on tens of thousands of twins, providing a valuable resource for studying complex phenotypes and their underlying biology. In this Review, we consider the continuing value of twin studies in the current era of molecular genetic studies. We conclude that classical twin methods combined with novel technologies represent a powerful approach towards identifying and understanding the molecular pathways that underlie complex traits.
Audience Academic
Author van Dongen, Jenny
Draisma, Harmen H. M.
Slagboom, P. Eline
Boomsma, Dorret I.
Martin, Nicholas G.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Jenny
  surname: van Dongen
  fullname: van Dongen, Jenny
  organization: Biological Psychology, VU University
– sequence: 2
  givenname: P. Eline
  surname: Slagboom
  fullname: Slagboom, P. Eline
  organization: Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Harmen H. M.
  surname: Draisma
  fullname: Draisma, Harmen H. M.
  organization: Biological Psychology, VU University
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Nicholas G.
  surname: Martin
  fullname: Martin, Nicholas G.
  organization: Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Dorret I.
  surname: Boomsma
  fullname: Boomsma, Dorret I.
  email: di.boomsma@vu.nl
  organization: Biological Psychology, VU University
BackLink http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=26255575$$DView record in Pascal Francis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22847273$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Key Points Twins are valuable subjects for studies in which control over genetic background and early environmental influences is desired. Monozygotic twins...
The classical twin study has been a powerful heuristic in biomedical, psychiatric and behavioural research for decades. Twin registries worldwide have...
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Agriculture
Animal Genetics and Genomics
Biological and medical sciences
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cancer Research
DNA methylation
Epidemiology
Epigenomics
Estimates
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gene Function
Genetic Diseases, Inborn - genetics
Genetic engineering
Genetic variation
Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution
Genomes
Genomics
Heritability
Human Genetics
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Metabolomics
Phenotype
Proteomics
Registries
review-article
Twin studies
Twin Studies as Topic
Twins
Title The continuing value of twin studies in the omics era
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/nrg3243
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22847273
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Volume 13
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