High-energy particle acceleration at the radio-lobe shock of Centaurus A

We present new results on the shock around the south-west radio lobe of Centaurus A using data from the Chandra Very Large Programme observations (740 ks total observing time). The X-ray spectrum of the emission around the outer south-western edge of the lobe is well described by a single power-law...

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Published inMonthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol. 395; no. 4; pp. 1999 - 2012
Main Authors Croston, J. H., Kraft, R. P., Hardcastle, M. J., Birkinshaw, M., Worrall, D. M., Nulsen, P. E. J., Penna, R. F., Sivakoff, G. R., Jordán, A., Brassington, N. J., Evans, D. A., Forman, W. R., Gilfanov, M., Goodger, J. L., Harris, W. E., Jones, C., Juett, A. M., Murray, S. S., Raychaudhury, S., Sarazin, C. L., Voss, R., Woodley, K. A.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.06.2009
Oxford University Press
Subjects
Astrophysics
Density
galaxies: active
galaxies: elliptical and lenticular: cD
galaxies: individual: Cen A
Radio astronomy
radio continuum: galaxies
shock waves
Spectrum analysis
X-rays
X-rays: galaxies
galaxies: individual: Cen A
galaxies: elliptical and lenticular: cD
galaxies: active
X-rays: galaxies
shock waves
radio continuum: galaxies
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Abstract We present new results on the shock around the south-west radio lobe of Centaurus A using data from the Chandra Very Large Programme observations (740 ks total observing time). The X-ray spectrum of the emission around the outer south-western edge of the lobe is well described by a single power-law model with Galactic absorption – thermal models are strongly disfavoured, except in the region closest to the nucleus. We conclude that a significant fraction of the X-ray emission around the south-west part of the lobe is synchrotron, not thermal. We infer that in the region where the shock is strongest and the ambient gas density lowest, the inflation of the lobe is accelerating particles to X-ray synchrotron emitting energies, similar to supernova remnants such as SN1006. This interpretation resolves a problem of our earlier, purely thermal, interpretation for this emission, namely that the density compression across the shock was required to be much larger than the theoretically expected factor of 4. We describe a self-consistent model for the lobe dynamics and shock properties using the shell of thermal emission to the north of the lobe to estimate the lobe pressure. Based on this model, we estimate that the lobe is expanding to the south-west with a velocity of ∼2600 km s−1, roughly Mach 8 relative to the ambient medium. We discuss the spatial variation of spectral index across the shock region, concluding that our observations constrain γmax for the accelerated particles to be ∼108 at the strongest part of the shock, consistent with expectations from diffusive shock acceleration theory. Finally, we consider the implications of these results for the production of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and TeV emission from Centaurus A, concluding that the shock front region is unlikely to be a significant source of UHECRs, but that TeV emission from this region is expected at levels comparable to current limits at TeV energies, for plausible assumed magnetic field strengths.
AbstractList We present new results on the shock around the south-west radio lobe of Centaurus A using data from the Chandra Very Large Programme observations (740 ks total observing time). The X-ray spectrum of the emission around the outer south-western edge of the lobe is well described by a single power-law model with Galactic absorption - thermal models are strongly disfavoured, except in the region closest to the nucleus. We conclude that a significant fraction of the X-ray emission around the south-west part of the lobe is synchrotron, not thermal. We infer that in the region where the shock is strongest and the ambient gas density lowest, the inflation of the lobe is accelerating particles to X-ray synchrotron emitting energies, similar to supernova remnants such as SN1006. This interpretation resolves a problem of our earlier, purely thermal, interpretation for this emission, namely that the density compression across the shock was required to be much larger than the theoretically expected factor of 4. We describe a self-consistent model for the lobe dynamics and shock properties using the shell of thermal emission to the north of the lobe to estimate the lobe pressure. Based on this model, we estimate that the lobe is expanding to the south-west with a velocity of ∼2600 km s−1, roughly Mach 8 relative to the ambient medium. We discuss the spatial variation of spectral index across the shock region, concluding that our observations constrain γmax for the accelerated particles to be ∼108 at the strongest part of the shock, consistent with expectations from diffusive shock acceleration theory. Finally, we consider the implications of these results for the production of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and TeV emission from Centaurus A, concluding that the shock front region is unlikely to be a significant source of UHECRs, but that TeV emission from this region is expected at levels comparable to current limits at TeV energies, for plausible assumed magnetic field strengths.
ABSTRACTWe present new results on the shock around the south-west radio lobe of Centaurus A using data from the Chandra Very Large Programme observations (740 ks total observing time). The X-ray spectrum of the emission around the outer south-western edge of the lobe is well described by a single power-law model with Galactic absorption - thermal models are strongly disfavoured, except in the region closest to the nucleus. We conclude that a significant fraction of the X-ray emission around the south-west part of the lobe is synchrotron, not thermal. We infer that in the region where the shock is strongest and the ambient gas density lowest, the inflation of the lobe is accelerating particles to X-ray synchrotron emitting energies, similar to supernova remnants such as SN1006. This interpretation resolves a problem of our earlier, purely thermal, interpretation for this emission, namely that the density compression across the shock was required to be much larger than the theoretically expected factor of 4. We describe a self-consistent model for the lobe dynamics and shock properties using the shell of thermal emission to the north of the lobe to estimate the lobe pressure. Based on this model, we estimate that the lobe is expanding to the south-west with a velocity of 62600 km s-1, roughly Mach 8 relative to the ambient medium. We discuss the spatial variation of spectral index across the shock region, concluding that our observations constrain gmax for the accelerated particles to be 6108 at the strongest part of the shock, consistent with expectations from diffusive shock acceleration theory. Finally, we consider the implications of these results for the production of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and TeV emission from Centaurus A, concluding that the shock front region is unlikely to be a significant source of UHECRs, but that TeV emission from this region is expected at levels comparable to current limits at TeV energies, for plausible assumed magnetic field strengths.
ABSTRACT We present new results on the shock around the south‐west radio lobe of Centaurus A using data from the Chandra Very Large Programme observations (740 ks total observing time). The X‐ray spectrum of the emission around the outer south‐western edge of the lobe is well described by a single power‐law model with Galactic absorption – thermal models are strongly disfavoured, except in the region closest to the nucleus. We conclude that a significant fraction of the X‐ray emission around the south‐west part of the lobe is synchrotron, not thermal. We infer that in the region where the shock is strongest and the ambient gas density lowest, the inflation of the lobe is accelerating particles to X‐ray synchrotron emitting energies, similar to supernova remnants such as SN1006. This interpretation resolves a problem of our earlier, purely thermal, interpretation for this emission, namely that the density compression across the shock was required to be much larger than the theoretically expected factor of 4. We describe a self‐consistent model for the lobe dynamics and shock properties using the shell of thermal emission to the north of the lobe to estimate the lobe pressure. Based on this model, we estimate that the lobe is expanding to the south‐west with a velocity of ∼2600 km s−1, roughly Mach 8 relative to the ambient medium. We discuss the spatial variation of spectral index across the shock region, concluding that our observations constrain γmax for the accelerated particles to be ∼108 at the strongest part of the shock, consistent with expectations from diffusive shock acceleration theory. Finally, we consider the implications of these results for the production of ultra‐high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and TeV emission from Centaurus A, concluding that the shock front region is unlikely to be a significant source of UHECRs, but that TeV emission from this region is expected at levels comparable to current limits at TeV energies, for plausible assumed magnetic field strengths.
We present new results on the shock around the south-west radio lobe of Centaurus A using data from the Chandra Very Large Programme observations (740 ks total observing time). The X-ray spectrum of the emission around the outer south-western edge of the lobe is well described by a single power-law model with Galactic absorption-thermal models are strongly disfavoured, except in the region closest to the nucleus. We conclude that a significant fraction of the X-ray emission around the south-west part of the lobe is synchrotron, not thermal. We infer that in the region where the shock is strongest and the ambient gas density lowest, the inflation of the lobe is accelerating particles to X-ray synchrotron emitting energies, similar to supernova remnants such as SN1006. This interpretation resolves a problem of our earlier, purely thermal, interpretation for this emission, namely that the density compression across the shock was required to be much larger than the theoretically expected factor of 4. We describe a self-consistent model for the lobe dynamics and shock properties using the shell of thermal emission to the north of the lobe to estimate the lobe pressure. Based on this model, we estimate that the lobe is expanding to the south-west with a velocity of ~2600 km s-1, roughly Mach 8 relative to the ambient medium. We discuss the spatial variation of spectral index across the shock region, concluding that our observations constrain [gamma]max for the accelerated particles to be ~108 at the strongest part of the shock, consistent with expectations from diffusive shock acceleration theory. Finally, we consider the implications of these results for the production of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and TeV emission from Centaurus A, concluding that the shock front region is unlikely to be a significant source of UHECRs, but that TeV emission from this region is expected at levels comparable to current limits at TeV energies, for plausible assumed magnetic field strengths. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Author Penna, R. F.
Harris, W. E.
Goodger, J. L.
Gilfanov, M.
Nulsen, P. E. J.
Jones, C.
Kraft, R. P.
Worrall, D. M.
Raychaudhury, S.
Forman, W. R.
Jordán, A.
Evans, D. A.
Voss, R.
Sarazin, C. L.
Sivakoff, G. R.
Murray, S. S.
Woodley, K. A.
Hardcastle, M. J.
Juett, A. M.
Birkinshaw, M.
Croston, J. H.
Brassington, N. J.
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  surname: Croston
  fullname: Croston, J. H.
  email: J.H.Croston@herts.ac.uk, J.H.Croston@herts.ac.uk
  organization: School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB
– sequence: 2
  givenname: R. P.
  surname: Kraft
  fullname: Kraft, R. P.
  organization: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: M. J.
  surname: Hardcastle
  fullname: Hardcastle, M. J.
  organization: School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB
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  surname: Birkinshaw
  fullname: Birkinshaw, M.
  organization: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
– sequence: 5
  givenname: D. M.
  surname: Worrall
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  organization: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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  givenname: P. E. J.
  surname: Nulsen
  fullname: Nulsen, P. E. J.
  organization: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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  givenname: R. F.
  surname: Penna
  fullname: Penna, R. F.
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  givenname: G. R.
  surname: Sivakoff
  fullname: Sivakoff, G. R.
  organization: Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, PO Box 400325, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4325, USA
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  surname: Jordán
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  givenname: S.
  surname: Raychaudhury
  fullname: Raychaudhury, S.
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– sequence: 20
  givenname: C. L.
  surname: Sarazin
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  organization: Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, PO Box 400325, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4325, USA
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Issue 4
Keywords galaxies: individual: Cen A
galaxies: elliptical and lenticular: cD
galaxies: active
X-rays: galaxies
shock waves
radio continuum: galaxies
Language English
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Snippet We present new results on the shock around the south-west radio lobe of Centaurus A using data from the Chandra Very Large Programme observations (740 ks total...
ABSTRACT We present new results on the shock around the south‐west radio lobe of Centaurus A using data from the Chandra Very Large Programme observations (740...
ABSTRACTWe present new results on the shock around the south-west radio lobe of Centaurus A using data from the Chandra Very Large Programme observations (740...
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SubjectTerms Astrophysics
Density
galaxies: active
galaxies: elliptical and lenticular: cD
galaxies: individual: Cen A
Radio astronomy
radio continuum: galaxies
shock waves
Spectrum analysis
X-rays
X-rays: galaxies
Title High-energy particle acceleration at the radio-lobe shock of Centaurus A
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