Data protection legislation in Africa and pathways for enhancing compliance in big data health research
The increasing availability of large volumes of personal data from diverse sources such as electronic health records, research programmes, commercial genetic testing, national health surveys and wearable devices presents significant opportunities for advancing public health, disease surveillance, pe...
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| Published in | Health research policy and systems Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 145 - 14 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
BioMed Central Ltd
15.10.2024
BioMed Central BMC |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The increasing availability of large volumes of personal data from diverse sources such as electronic health records, research programmes, commercial genetic testing, national health surveys and wearable devices presents significant opportunities for advancing public health, disease surveillance, personalized medicine and scientific research and innovation. However, this potential is hampered by a lack of clarity related to the processing and sharing of personal health data, particularly across varying national regulatory frameworks. This often leaves researcher stakeholders uncertain about how to navigate issues around secondary data use, repurposing data for different research objectives and cross-border data sharing.
We analysed 37 data protection legislation across Africa to identify key principles and requirements for processing and sharing of personal health and genetic data in scientific research. On the basis of this analysis, we propose strategies that data science research initiatives in Africa can implement to ensure compliance with data protection laws while effectively reusing and sharing personal data for health research and scientific innovation.
In many African countries, health and genetic data are categorized as sensitive and subject to stricter protection. Key principles guiding the processing of personal data include confidentiality, non-discrimination, transparency, storage limitation, legitimacy, purpose specification, integrity, fairness, non-excessiveness, accountability and data minimality. The rights of data subjects include the right to be informed, the right of access, the right to rectification, the right to erasure/deletion of data, the right to restrict processing, the right to data portability and the right to seek compensation. Consent and adequacy assessments were the most common legal grounds for cross-border data transfers. However, considerable variation exists in legal requirements for data transfer across countries, potentially creating barriers to collaborative health research across Africa.
We propose several strategies that data science research initiatives can adopt to align with data protection laws. These include developing a standardized module for safe data flows, using trusted data environments to minimize cross-border transfers, implementing dynamic consent mechanisms to comply with consent specificity and data subject rights and establishing codes of conduct to govern the secondary use of personal data for health research and innovation. |
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| AbstractList | The increasing availability of large volumes of personal data from diverse sources such as electronic health records, research programmes, commercial genetic testing, national health surveys and wearable devices presents significant opportunities for advancing public health, disease surveillance, personalized medicine and scientific research and innovation. However, this potential is hampered by a lack of clarity related to the processing and sharing of personal health data, particularly across varying national regulatory frameworks. This often leaves researcher stakeholders uncertain about how to navigate issues around secondary data use, repurposing data for different research objectives and cross-border data sharing. We analysed 37 data protection legislation across Africa to identify key principles and requirements for processing and sharing of personal health and genetic data in scientific research. On the basis of this analysis, we propose strategies that data science research initiatives in Africa can implement to ensure compliance with data protection laws while effectively reusing and sharing personal data for health research and scientific innovation. In many African countries, health and genetic data are categorized as sensitive and subject to stricter protection. Key principles guiding the processing of personal data include confidentiality, non-discrimination, transparency, storage limitation, legitimacy, purpose specification, integrity, fairness, non-excessiveness, accountability and data minimality. The rights of data subjects include the right to be informed, the right of access, the right to rectification, the right to erasure/deletion of data, the right to restrict processing, the right to data portability and the right to seek compensation. Consent and adequacy assessments were the most common legal grounds for cross-border data transfers. However, considerable variation exists in legal requirements for data transfer across countries, potentially creating barriers to collaborative health research across Africa. We propose several strategies that data science research initiatives can adopt to align with data protection laws. These include developing a standardized module for safe data flows, using trusted data environments to minimize cross-border transfers, implementing dynamic consent mechanisms to comply with consent specificity and data subject rights and establishing codes of conduct to govern the secondary use of personal data for health research and innovation. BackgroundThe increasing availability of large volumes of personal data from diverse sources such as electronic health records, research programmes, commercial genetic testing, national health surveys and wearable devices presents significant opportunities for advancing public health, disease surveillance, personalized medicine and scientific research and innovation. However, this potential is hampered by a lack of clarity related to the processing and sharing of personal health data, particularly across varying national regulatory frameworks. This often leaves researcher stakeholders uncertain about how to navigate issues around secondary data use, repurposing data for different research objectives and cross-border data sharing.MethodWe analysed 37 data protection legislation across Africa to identify key principles and requirements for processing and sharing of personal health and genetic data in scientific research. On the basis of this analysis, we propose strategies that data science research initiatives in Africa can implement to ensure compliance with data protection laws while effectively reusing and sharing personal data for health research and scientific innovation.ResultsIn many African countries, health and genetic data are categorized as sensitive and subject to stricter protection. Key principles guiding the processing of personal data include confidentiality, non-discrimination, transparency, storage limitation, legitimacy, purpose specification, integrity, fairness, non-excessiveness, accountability and data minimality. The rights of data subjects include the right to be informed, the right of access, the right to rectification, the right to erasure/deletion of data, the right to restrict processing, the right to data portability and the right to seek compensation. Consent and adequacy assessments were the most common legal grounds for cross-border data transfers. However, considerable variation exists in legal requirements for data transfer across countries, potentially creating barriers to collaborative health research across Africa.ConclusionsWe propose several strategies that data science research initiatives can adopt to align with data protection laws. These include developing a standardized module for safe data flows, using trusted data environments to minimize cross-border transfers, implementing dynamic consent mechanisms to comply with consent specificity and data subject rights and establishing codes of conduct to govern the secondary use of personal data for health research and innovation. The increasing availability of large volumes of personal data from diverse sources such as electronic health records, research programmes, commercial genetic testing, national health surveys and wearable devices presents significant opportunities for advancing public health, disease surveillance, personalized medicine and scientific research and innovation. However, this potential is hampered by a lack of clarity related to the processing and sharing of personal health data, particularly across varying national regulatory frameworks. This often leaves researcher stakeholders uncertain about how to navigate issues around secondary data use, repurposing data for different research objectives and cross-border data sharing.BACKGROUNDThe increasing availability of large volumes of personal data from diverse sources such as electronic health records, research programmes, commercial genetic testing, national health surveys and wearable devices presents significant opportunities for advancing public health, disease surveillance, personalized medicine and scientific research and innovation. However, this potential is hampered by a lack of clarity related to the processing and sharing of personal health data, particularly across varying national regulatory frameworks. This often leaves researcher stakeholders uncertain about how to navigate issues around secondary data use, repurposing data for different research objectives and cross-border data sharing.We analysed 37 data protection legislation across Africa to identify key principles and requirements for processing and sharing of personal health and genetic data in scientific research. On the basis of this analysis, we propose strategies that data science research initiatives in Africa can implement to ensure compliance with data protection laws while effectively reusing and sharing personal data for health research and scientific innovation.METHODWe analysed 37 data protection legislation across Africa to identify key principles and requirements for processing and sharing of personal health and genetic data in scientific research. On the basis of this analysis, we propose strategies that data science research initiatives in Africa can implement to ensure compliance with data protection laws while effectively reusing and sharing personal data for health research and scientific innovation.In many African countries, health and genetic data are categorized as sensitive and subject to stricter protection. Key principles guiding the processing of personal data include confidentiality, non-discrimination, transparency, storage limitation, legitimacy, purpose specification, integrity, fairness, non-excessiveness, accountability and data minimality. The rights of data subjects include the right to be informed, the right of access, the right to rectification, the right to erasure/deletion of data, the right to restrict processing, the right to data portability and the right to seek compensation. Consent and adequacy assessments were the most common legal grounds for cross-border data transfers. However, considerable variation exists in legal requirements for data transfer across countries, potentially creating barriers to collaborative health research across Africa.RESULTSIn many African countries, health and genetic data are categorized as sensitive and subject to stricter protection. Key principles guiding the processing of personal data include confidentiality, non-discrimination, transparency, storage limitation, legitimacy, purpose specification, integrity, fairness, non-excessiveness, accountability and data minimality. The rights of data subjects include the right to be informed, the right of access, the right to rectification, the right to erasure/deletion of data, the right to restrict processing, the right to data portability and the right to seek compensation. Consent and adequacy assessments were the most common legal grounds for cross-border data transfers. However, considerable variation exists in legal requirements for data transfer across countries, potentially creating barriers to collaborative health research across Africa.We propose several strategies that data science research initiatives can adopt to align with data protection laws. These include developing a standardized module for safe data flows, using trusted data environments to minimize cross-border transfers, implementing dynamic consent mechanisms to comply with consent specificity and data subject rights and establishing codes of conduct to govern the secondary use of personal data for health research and innovation.CONCLUSIONSWe propose several strategies that data science research initiatives can adopt to align with data protection laws. These include developing a standardized module for safe data flows, using trusted data environments to minimize cross-border transfers, implementing dynamic consent mechanisms to comply with consent specificity and data subject rights and establishing codes of conduct to govern the secondary use of personal data for health research and innovation. Abstract Background The increasing availability of large volumes of personal data from diverse sources such as electronic health records, research programmes, commercial genetic testing, national health surveys and wearable devices presents significant opportunities for advancing public health, disease surveillance, personalized medicine and scientific research and innovation. However, this potential is hampered by a lack of clarity related to the processing and sharing of personal health data, particularly across varying national regulatory frameworks. This often leaves researcher stakeholders uncertain about how to navigate issues around secondary data use, repurposing data for different research objectives and cross-border data sharing. Method We analysed 37 data protection legislation across Africa to identify key principles and requirements for processing and sharing of personal health and genetic data in scientific research. On the basis of this analysis, we propose strategies that data science research initiatives in Africa can implement to ensure compliance with data protection laws while effectively reusing and sharing personal data for health research and scientific innovation. Results In many African countries, health and genetic data are categorized as sensitive and subject to stricter protection. Key principles guiding the processing of personal data include confidentiality, non-discrimination, transparency, storage limitation, legitimacy, purpose specification, integrity, fairness, non-excessiveness, accountability and data minimality. The rights of data subjects include the right to be informed, the right of access, the right to rectification, the right to erasure/deletion of data, the right to restrict processing, the right to data portability and the right to seek compensation. Consent and adequacy assessments were the most common legal grounds for cross-border data transfers. However, considerable variation exists in legal requirements for data transfer across countries, potentially creating barriers to collaborative health research across Africa. Conclusions We propose several strategies that data science research initiatives can adopt to align with data protection laws. These include developing a standardized module for safe data flows, using trusted data environments to minimize cross-border transfers, implementing dynamic consent mechanisms to comply with consent specificity and data subject rights and establishing codes of conduct to govern the secondary use of personal data for health research and innovation. Background The increasing availability of large volumes of personal data from diverse sources such as electronic health records, research programmes, commercial genetic testing, national health surveys and wearable devices presents significant opportunities for advancing public health, disease surveillance, personalized medicine and scientific research and innovation. However, this potential is hampered by a lack of clarity related to the processing and sharing of personal health data, particularly across varying national regulatory frameworks. This often leaves researcher stakeholders uncertain about how to navigate issues around secondary data use, repurposing data for different research objectives and cross-border data sharing. Method We analysed 37 data protection legislation across Africa to identify key principles and requirements for processing and sharing of personal health and genetic data in scientific research. On the basis of this analysis, we propose strategies that data science research initiatives in Africa can implement to ensure compliance with data protection laws while effectively reusing and sharing personal data for health research and scientific innovation. Results In many African countries, health and genetic data are categorized as sensitive and subject to stricter protection. Key principles guiding the processing of personal data include confidentiality, non-discrimination, transparency, storage limitation, legitimacy, purpose specification, integrity, fairness, non-excessiveness, accountability and data minimality. The rights of data subjects include the right to be informed, the right of access, the right to rectification, the right to erasure/deletion of data, the right to restrict processing, the right to data portability and the right to seek compensation. Consent and adequacy assessments were the most common legal grounds for cross-border data transfers. However, considerable variation exists in legal requirements for data transfer across countries, potentially creating barriers to collaborative health research across Africa. Conclusions We propose several strategies that data science research initiatives can adopt to align with data protection laws. These include developing a standardized module for safe data flows, using trusted data environments to minimize cross-border transfers, implementing dynamic consent mechanisms to comply with consent specificity and data subject rights and establishing codes of conduct to govern the secondary use of personal data for health research and innovation. Keywords: Data laws, Data governance, Big data, Data sharing, Dynamic consent, Safe data flows The increasing availability of large volumes of personal data from diverse sources such as electronic health records, research programmes, commercial genetic testing, national health surveys and wearable devices presents significant opportunities for advancing public health, disease surveillance, personalized medicine and scientific research and innovation. However, this potential is hampered by a lack of clarity related to the processing and sharing of personal health data, particularly across varying national regulatory frameworks. This often leaves researcher stakeholders uncertain about how to navigate issues around secondary data use, repurposing data for different research objectives and cross-border data sharing. We analysed 37 data protection legislation across Africa to identify key principles and requirements for processing and sharing of personal health and genetic data in scientific research. On the basis of this analysis, we propose strategies that data science research initiatives in Africa can implement to ensure compliance with data protection laws while effectively reusing and sharing personal data for health research and scientific innovation. In many African countries, health and genetic data are categorized as sensitive and subject to stricter protection. Key principles guiding the processing of personal data include confidentiality, non-discrimination, transparency, storage limitation, legitimacy, purpose specification, integrity, fairness, non-excessiveness, accountability and data minimality. The rights of data subjects include the right to be informed, the right of access, the right to rectification, the right to erasure/deletion of data, the right to restrict processing, the right to data portability and the right to seek compensation. Consent and adequacy assessments were the most common legal grounds for cross-border data transfers. However, considerable variation exists in legal requirements for data transfer across countries, potentially creating barriers to collaborative health research across Africa. We propose several strategies that data science research initiatives can adopt to align with data protection laws. These include developing a standardized module for safe data flows, using trusted data environments to minimize cross-border transfers, implementing dynamic consent mechanisms to comply with consent specificity and data subject rights and establishing codes of conduct to govern the secondary use of personal data for health research and innovation. |
| ArticleNumber | 145 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Munung, Nchangwi Syntia Mazibuko, Otshepeng Staunton, Ciara Wall, P. J. Wonkam, Ambroise |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39407232$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | Dynamic consent Big data Data laws Data governance Data sharing Safe data flows |
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| Snippet | The increasing availability of large volumes of personal data from diverse sources such as electronic health records, research programmes, commercial genetic... Background The increasing availability of large volumes of personal data from diverse sources such as electronic health records, research programmes,... BackgroundThe increasing availability of large volumes of personal data from diverse sources such as electronic health records, research programmes, commercial... Abstract Background The increasing availability of large volumes of personal data from diverse sources such as electronic health records, research programmes,... |
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| SubjectTerms | Africa Analysis Big Data Biomedical Research - legislation & jurisprudence Borders Codes of conduct Collaboration Compensation Compliance Computer Security - legislation & jurisprudence Confidentiality Confidentiality - legislation & jurisprudence Consent Cybersecurity Data analysis Data collection Data governance Data laws Data processing Data Science Data sharing Data transfer (computers) Discrimination Dynamic consent Electronic Health Records Electronic medical records Electronic records Evidence-based medicine Genetic screening Genetic testing Health research Health surveillance Humans Information Dissemination - legislation & jurisprudence Information sharing Informed consent Innovations Jurisdiction Legislation Legitimacy Medical records Medical research Methods Personal information Precision medicine Privacy Public health Regulation Research ethics Rights Safe data flows Sculpture Storage Wearable technology |
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| Title | Data protection legislation in Africa and pathways for enhancing compliance in big data health research |
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