Virtual reality and motor imagery for early post-stroke rehabilitation
Motor impairment is a common consequence of stroke causing difficulty in independent movement. The first month of post-stroke rehabilitation is the most effective period for recovery. Movement imagination, known as motor imagery, in combination with virtual reality may provide a way for stroke patie...
Saved in:
| Published in | Biomedical engineering online Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 66 - 18 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
BioMed Central Ltd
05.07.2023
BioMed Central BMC |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | Motor impairment is a common consequence of stroke causing difficulty in independent movement. The first month of post-stroke rehabilitation is the most effective period for recovery. Movement imagination, known as motor imagery, in combination with virtual reality may provide a way for stroke patients with severe motor disabilities to begin rehabilitation.
The aim of this study is to verify whether motor imagery and virtual reality help to activate stroke patients' motor cortex. 16 acute/subacute (< 6 months) stroke patients participated in this study. All participants performed motor imagery of basketball shooting which involved the following tasks: listening to audio instruction only, watching a basketball shooting animation in 3D with audio, and also performing motor imagery afterwards. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded for analysis of motor-related features of the brain such as power spectral analysis in the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] frequency bands and spectral entropy. 18 EEG channels over the motor cortex were used for all stroke patients.
All results are normalised relative to all tasks for each participant. The power spectral densities peak near the [Formula: see text] band for all participants and also the [Formula: see text] band for some participants. Tasks with instructions during motor imagery generally show greater power spectral peaks. The p-values of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for band power comparison from the 18 EEG channels between different pairs of tasks show a 0.01 significance of rejecting the band powers being the same for most tasks done by stroke subjects. The motor cortex of most stroke patients is more active when virtual reality is involved during motor imagery as indicated by their respective scalp maps of band power and spectral entropy.
The resulting activation of stroke patient's motor cortices in this study reveals evidence that it is induced by imagination of movement and virtual reality supports motor imagery. The framework of the current study also provides an efficient way to investigate motor imagery and virtual reality during post-stroke rehabilitation. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Motor impairment is a common consequence of stroke causing difficulty in independent movement. The first month of post-stroke rehabilitation is the most effective period for recovery. Movement imagination, known as motor imagery, in combination with virtual reality may provide a way for stroke patients with severe motor disabilities to begin rehabilitation.
The aim of this study is to verify whether motor imagery and virtual reality help to activate stroke patients' motor cortex. 16 acute/subacute (< 6 months) stroke patients participated in this study. All participants performed motor imagery of basketball shooting which involved the following tasks: listening to audio instruction only, watching a basketball shooting animation in 3D with audio, and also performing motor imagery afterwards. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded for analysis of motor-related features of the brain such as power spectral analysis in the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] frequency bands and spectral entropy. 18 EEG channels over the motor cortex were used for all stroke patients.
All results are normalised relative to all tasks for each participant. The power spectral densities peak near the [Formula: see text] band for all participants and also the [Formula: see text] band for some participants. Tasks with instructions during motor imagery generally show greater power spectral peaks. The p-values of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for band power comparison from the 18 EEG channels between different pairs of tasks show a 0.01 significance of rejecting the band powers being the same for most tasks done by stroke subjects. The motor cortex of most stroke patients is more active when virtual reality is involved during motor imagery as indicated by their respective scalp maps of band power and spectral entropy.
The resulting activation of stroke patient's motor cortices in this study reveals evidence that it is induced by imagination of movement and virtual reality supports motor imagery. The framework of the current study also provides an efficient way to investigate motor imagery and virtual reality during post-stroke rehabilitation. Abstract Background Motor impairment is a common consequence of stroke causing difficulty in independent movement. The first month of post-stroke rehabilitation is the most effective period for recovery. Movement imagination, known as motor imagery, in combination with virtual reality may provide a way for stroke patients with severe motor disabilities to begin rehabilitation. Methods The aim of this study is to verify whether motor imagery and virtual reality help to activate stroke patients’ motor cortex. 16 acute/subacute (< 6 months) stroke patients participated in this study. All participants performed motor imagery of basketball shooting which involved the following tasks: listening to audio instruction only, watching a basketball shooting animation in 3D with audio, and also performing motor imagery afterwards. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded for analysis of motor-related features of the brain such as power spectral analysis in the $$\alpha$$ α and $$\beta$$ β frequency bands and spectral entropy. 18 EEG channels over the motor cortex were used for all stroke patients. Results All results are normalised relative to all tasks for each participant. The power spectral densities peak near the $$\alpha$$ α band for all participants and also the $$\beta$$ β band for some participants. Tasks with instructions during motor imagery generally show greater power spectral peaks. The p-values of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for band power comparison from the 18 EEG channels between different pairs of tasks show a 0.01 significance of rejecting the band powers being the same for most tasks done by stroke subjects. The motor cortex of most stroke patients is more active when virtual reality is involved during motor imagery as indicated by their respective scalp maps of band power and spectral entropy. Conclusion The resulting activation of stroke patient’s motor cortices in this study reveals evidence that it is induced by imagination of movement and virtual reality supports motor imagery. The framework of the current study also provides an efficient way to investigate motor imagery and virtual reality during post-stroke rehabilitation. Motor impairment is a common consequence of stroke causing difficulty in independent movement. The first month of post-stroke rehabilitation is the most effective period for recovery. Movement imagination, known as motor imagery, in combination with virtual reality may provide a way for stroke patients with severe motor disabilities to begin rehabilitation.BACKGROUNDMotor impairment is a common consequence of stroke causing difficulty in independent movement. The first month of post-stroke rehabilitation is the most effective period for recovery. Movement imagination, known as motor imagery, in combination with virtual reality may provide a way for stroke patients with severe motor disabilities to begin rehabilitation.The aim of this study is to verify whether motor imagery and virtual reality help to activate stroke patients' motor cortex. 16 acute/subacute (< 6 months) stroke patients participated in this study. All participants performed motor imagery of basketball shooting which involved the following tasks: listening to audio instruction only, watching a basketball shooting animation in 3D with audio, and also performing motor imagery afterwards. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded for analysis of motor-related features of the brain such as power spectral analysis in the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] frequency bands and spectral entropy. 18 EEG channels over the motor cortex were used for all stroke patients.METHODSThe aim of this study is to verify whether motor imagery and virtual reality help to activate stroke patients' motor cortex. 16 acute/subacute (< 6 months) stroke patients participated in this study. All participants performed motor imagery of basketball shooting which involved the following tasks: listening to audio instruction only, watching a basketball shooting animation in 3D with audio, and also performing motor imagery afterwards. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded for analysis of motor-related features of the brain such as power spectral analysis in the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] frequency bands and spectral entropy. 18 EEG channels over the motor cortex were used for all stroke patients.All results are normalised relative to all tasks for each participant. The power spectral densities peak near the [Formula: see text] band for all participants and also the [Formula: see text] band for some participants. Tasks with instructions during motor imagery generally show greater power spectral peaks. The p-values of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for band power comparison from the 18 EEG channels between different pairs of tasks show a 0.01 significance of rejecting the band powers being the same for most tasks done by stroke subjects. The motor cortex of most stroke patients is more active when virtual reality is involved during motor imagery as indicated by their respective scalp maps of band power and spectral entropy.RESULTSAll results are normalised relative to all tasks for each participant. The power spectral densities peak near the [Formula: see text] band for all participants and also the [Formula: see text] band for some participants. Tasks with instructions during motor imagery generally show greater power spectral peaks. The p-values of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for band power comparison from the 18 EEG channels between different pairs of tasks show a 0.01 significance of rejecting the band powers being the same for most tasks done by stroke subjects. The motor cortex of most stroke patients is more active when virtual reality is involved during motor imagery as indicated by their respective scalp maps of band power and spectral entropy.The resulting activation of stroke patient's motor cortices in this study reveals evidence that it is induced by imagination of movement and virtual reality supports motor imagery. The framework of the current study also provides an efficient way to investigate motor imagery and virtual reality during post-stroke rehabilitation.CONCLUSIONThe resulting activation of stroke patient's motor cortices in this study reveals evidence that it is induced by imagination of movement and virtual reality supports motor imagery. The framework of the current study also provides an efficient way to investigate motor imagery and virtual reality during post-stroke rehabilitation. Motor impairment is a common consequence of stroke causing difficulty in independent movement. The first month of post-stroke rehabilitation is the most effective period for recovery. Movement imagination, known as motor imagery, in combination with virtual reality may provide a way for stroke patients with severe motor disabilities to begin rehabilitation. The aim of this study is to verify whether motor imagery and virtual reality help to activate stroke patients' motor cortex. 16 acute/subacute (< 6 months) stroke patients participated in this study. All participants performed motor imagery of basketball shooting which involved the following tasks: listening to audio instruction only, watching a basketball shooting animation in 3D with audio, and also performing motor imagery afterwards. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded for analysis of motor-related features of the brain such as power spectral analysis in the [formula omitted] and [formula omitted] frequency bands and spectral entropy. 18 EEG channels over the motor cortex were used for all stroke patients. All results are normalised relative to all tasks for each participant. The power spectral densities peak near the [formula omitted] band for all participants and also the [formula omitted] band for some participants. Tasks with instructions during motor imagery generally show greater power spectral peaks. The p-values of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for band power comparison from the 18 EEG channels between different pairs of tasks show a 0.01 significance of rejecting the band powers being the same for most tasks done by stroke subjects. The motor cortex of most stroke patients is more active when virtual reality is involved during motor imagery as indicated by their respective scalp maps of band power and spectral entropy. The resulting activation of stroke patient's motor cortices in this study reveals evidence that it is induced by imagination of movement and virtual reality supports motor imagery. The framework of the current study also provides an efficient way to investigate motor imagery and virtual reality during post-stroke rehabilitation. Background Motor impairment is a common consequence of stroke causing difficulty in independent movement. The first month of post-stroke rehabilitation is the most effective period for recovery. Movement imagination, known as motor imagery, in combination with virtual reality may provide a way for stroke patients with severe motor disabilities to begin rehabilitation. Methods The aim of this study is to verify whether motor imagery and virtual reality help to activate stroke patients' motor cortex. 16 acute/subacute (< 6 months) stroke patients participated in this study. All participants performed motor imagery of basketball shooting which involved the following tasks: listening to audio instruction only, watching a basketball shooting animation in 3D with audio, and also performing motor imagery afterwards. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded for analysis of motor-related features of the brain such as power spectral analysis in the [formula omitted] and [formula omitted] frequency bands and spectral entropy. 18 EEG channels over the motor cortex were used for all stroke patients. Results All results are normalised relative to all tasks for each participant. The power spectral densities peak near the [formula omitted] band for all participants and also the [formula omitted] band for some participants. Tasks with instructions during motor imagery generally show greater power spectral peaks. The p-values of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for band power comparison from the 18 EEG channels between different pairs of tasks show a 0.01 significance of rejecting the band powers being the same for most tasks done by stroke subjects. The motor cortex of most stroke patients is more active when virtual reality is involved during motor imagery as indicated by their respective scalp maps of band power and spectral entropy. Conclusion The resulting activation of stroke patient's motor cortices in this study reveals evidence that it is induced by imagination of movement and virtual reality supports motor imagery. The framework of the current study also provides an efficient way to investigate motor imagery and virtual reality during post-stroke rehabilitation. Keywords: Stroke, Motor imagery, Virtual reality, EEG, Rehabilitation, Motor recovery, Neuroplasticity, Brunnstrom, Spectral analysis, Entropy BackgroundMotor impairment is a common consequence of stroke causing difficulty in independent movement. The first month of post-stroke rehabilitation is the most effective period for recovery. Movement imagination, known as motor imagery, in combination with virtual reality may provide a way for stroke patients with severe motor disabilities to begin rehabilitation.MethodsThe aim of this study is to verify whether motor imagery and virtual reality help to activate stroke patients’ motor cortex. 16 acute/subacute (< 6 months) stroke patients participated in this study. All participants performed motor imagery of basketball shooting which involved the following tasks: listening to audio instruction only, watching a basketball shooting animation in 3D with audio, and also performing motor imagery afterwards. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded for analysis of motor-related features of the brain such as power spectral analysis in the \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) frequency bands and spectral entropy. 18 EEG channels over the motor cortex were used for all stroke patients.ResultsAll results are normalised relative to all tasks for each participant. The power spectral densities peak near the \(\alpha\) band for all participants and also the \(\beta\) band for some participants. Tasks with instructions during motor imagery generally show greater power spectral peaks. The p-values of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for band power comparison from the 18 EEG channels between different pairs of tasks show a 0.01 significance of rejecting the band powers being the same for most tasks done by stroke subjects. The motor cortex of most stroke patients is more active when virtual reality is involved during motor imagery as indicated by their respective scalp maps of band power and spectral entropy.ConclusionThe resulting activation of stroke patient’s motor cortices in this study reveals evidence that it is induced by imagination of movement and virtual reality supports motor imagery. The framework of the current study also provides an efficient way to investigate motor imagery and virtual reality during post-stroke rehabilitation. |
| ArticleNumber | 66 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Neville, Katrina Fu, Jianming Gu, Xudong Jelfs, Beth Choy, Chi S. Fang, Qiang Ding, Bingrui Kumar, Akshay Mahmoud, Seedahmed S. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Chi S. surname: Choy fullname: Choy, Chi S. – sequence: 2 givenname: Qiang surname: Fang fullname: Fang, Qiang – sequence: 3 givenname: Katrina surname: Neville fullname: Neville, Katrina – sequence: 4 givenname: Bingrui surname: Ding fullname: Ding, Bingrui – sequence: 5 givenname: Akshay surname: Kumar fullname: Kumar, Akshay – sequence: 6 givenname: Seedahmed S. surname: Mahmoud fullname: Mahmoud, Seedahmed S. – sequence: 7 givenname: Xudong surname: Gu fullname: Gu, Xudong – sequence: 8 givenname: Jianming surname: Fu fullname: Fu, Jianming – sequence: 9 givenname: Beth surname: Jelfs fullname: Jelfs, Beth |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37407988$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp9kltrFDEYhgep2IP-AS9kwBt7MTXHSXIlpVhdKAie8C5kcphmnZ1sk4y4_77Z7lo7RSQX-fjyvG-Sj_e4OhjDaKvqJQRnEPL2bYJIYN4AhBsAISKNeFIdQcJoIxD9cfCgPqyOU1oCgABoxbPqEDMCmOD8qLr87mOe1FBHqwafN7UaTb0KOcTar1Rv46Z2pbYqDpt6HVJuUo7hpy38tep8kajsw_i8eurUkOyL_X5Sfbt8__XiY3P16cPi4vyq0VTw3CjnbKdJC1krOACcO020FcYB0QrNCTKopS3uENXAMsO4QYQapJCjxiGH8Um12PmaoJZyHcsb40YG5eVdI8Reqpi9HqxE0NgWKFXsOWGtUkgA0uFSdx1lDhavdzuv9dStrNF2zFENM9P5yeivZR9-SQgwAgLQ4vBm7xDDzWRTliuftB0GNdowJYk4xkIwDHlBXz9Cl2GKY5nVluKMAQ7JX6pX5Qd-dKFcrLem8pxRKgQBYDuEs39QZRm78rpkxPnSnwlOZ4LCZPs792pKSS6-fJ6zrx5O5X4cfyJTALQDdAwpRevuEQjkNpdyl0tZcinvcilFEfFHIr1PTnm6H_4nvQW62-Ty |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroscience_2024_12_040 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnins_2024_1330280 crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_56137 crossref_primary_10_12677_acm_2024_14123104 crossref_primary_10_32725_kont_2025_002 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVCG_2024_3372035 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12984_024_01491_x |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.neures.2015.11.003 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00210 10.1088/1741-2552/aba162 10.1109/RBME.2022.3165062 10.1016/0013-4694(91)90138-T 10.1038/s41586-021-04072-3 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00817 10.1109/EMBC46164.2021.9629767 10.1177/1545968319899919 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195050387.001.0001 10.1186/s12868-015-0167-1 10.1016/B978-0-08-100877-5.00016-5 10.3390/e21111057 10.1038/s41597-020-0535-2 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3054785 10.1088/1741-2552/ac36aa 10.1007/s10548-015-0429-3 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103843 10.1016/j.cortex.2009.08.002 10.1111/j.2044-8295.2011.02068.x 10.1038/s41598-020-64179-x 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2016.220.00079 10.1017/9781108580298.014 10.3390/brainsci10070414 10.3390/biomedicines10102602 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00321 10.1016/j.nrleng.2013.02.008 10.1121/1.4976109 10.1016/j.bspc.2019.101624 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.08.041 10.1016/j.neucom.2013.06.046 10.3200/JMBR.37.1.10-20 10.1073/pnas.1819975116 10.1093/brain/awh713 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.605451 10.1109/TCBB.2021.3052811 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00138 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00244 10.1073/pnas.88.6.2297 10.3389/fnhum.2022.900834 10.2340/16501977-1908 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.03.030 10.1038/s41598-019-46310-9 10.1590/S1413-35552012005000123 10.1016/j.eswa.2006.02.005 10.1016/j.eswa.2017.04.003 10.1109/TNSRE.2007.897025 10.1152/ajpheart.2000.278.6.H2039 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.12.024 10.1002/acn3.544 10.1016/0166-4328(96)00141-6 10.1088/1741-2560/12/3/031001 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2023. The Author(s). COPYRIGHT 2023 BioMed Central Ltd. 2023. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. The Author(s) 2023 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2023. The Author(s). – notice: COPYRIGHT 2023 BioMed Central Ltd. – notice: 2023. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: The Author(s) 2023 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM ISR 3V. 7QO 7X7 7XB 88E 8FD 8FE 8FG 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABJCF ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI CCPQU DWQXO FR3 FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ HCIFZ K9. L6V LK8 M0S M1P M7P M7S P64 PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PTHSS 7X8 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.1186/s12938-023-01124-9 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed Gale in Context: Science ProQuest Central (Corporate) Biotechnology Research Abstracts ProQuest Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) Technology Research Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) Materials Science & Engineering Collection ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Technology Collection Natural Science Collection ProQuest One ProQuest Central Korea Engineering Research Database Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Engineering Collection Biological Sciences Health & Medical Collection (Alumni) Medical Database Biological Science Database ProQuest Engineering Database Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Engineering collection MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Central Student Technology Collection Technology Research Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest Engineering Collection Health Research Premium Collection Biotechnology Research Abstracts Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Health & Medical Research Collection Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) Engineering Collection Engineering Database ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Hospital Collection ProQuest Technology Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Materials Science & Engineering Collection Engineering Research Database ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE MEDLINE - Academic Publicly Available Content Database |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 4 dbid: 8FG name: ProQuest Technology Collection url: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1 sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine Engineering |
| EISSN | 1475-925X |
| EndPage | 18 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_21de60aae9d8476aa2904b3847bb57f1 PMC10320905 A755994003 37407988 10_1186_s12938_023_01124_9 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | China |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: China |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: ustralian Government grantid: TP Stipend Scholarship (RSS-SC) – fundername: RMIT University grantid: Engineering Top-up Scholarship (E &B) – fundername: Li Ka Shing Foundation grantid: 2020LKSFG03C – fundername: ; grantid: Engineering Top-up Scholarship (E &B) – fundername: ; grantid: TP Stipend Scholarship (RSS-SC) – fundername: ; grantid: 2020LKSFG03C; 2020LKSFG03C |
| GroupedDBID | --- 0R~ 23N 2WC 53G 5GY 5VS 6J9 6PF 7X7 88E 8FE 8FG 8FH 8FI 8FJ AAFWJ AAJSJ AASML AAWTL AAYXX ABDBF ABJCF ABUWG ACGFO ACGFS ACIHN ACIWK ACPRK ACUHS ADBBV ADMLS ADRAZ ADUKV AEAQA AENEX AFKRA AFPKN AFRAH AHBYD AHMBA AHYZX ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMKLP AMTXH AOIJS BAPOH BAWUL BBNVY BCNDV BENPR BFQNJ BGLVJ BHPHI BMC BPHCQ BVXVI C6C CCPQU CITATION CS3 DIK E3Z EAD EAP EAS EBD EBLON EBS EMB EMK EMOBN ESX F5P FRP FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HCIFZ HMCUK HYE I-F IAO IGS IHR INH INR ISR ITC KQ8 L6V LK8 M1P M48 M7P M7S MK~ ML~ M~E O5R O5S OK1 OVT P2P PGMZT PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO PTHSS RBZ RNS ROL RPM RSV SEG SOJ SV3 TR2 TUS UKHRP W2D WOQ WOW XSB CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM PJZUB PPXIY PQGLB PMFND 3V. 7QO 7XB 8FD 8FK AZQEC DWQXO FR3 GNUQQ K9. P64 PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM PUEGO |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c598t-affebc46176980088fc4ce9df0969c842d26563b25c0e7d78d245d2a2f5df2f33 |
| IEDL.DBID | M48 |
| ISSN | 1475-925X |
| IngestDate | Wed Aug 27 01:31:09 EDT 2025 Thu Aug 21 18:37:12 EDT 2025 Wed Jul 30 10:35:42 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 25 10:47:28 EDT 2025 Tue Jun 17 21:05:58 EDT 2025 Tue Jun 10 20:47:59 EDT 2025 Fri Jun 27 06:05:12 EDT 2025 Sat Aug 02 01:41:20 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 22:53:10 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 00:34:39 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Keywords | Neuroplasticity Stroke Brunnstrom EEG Virtual reality Entropy Motor imagery Rehabilitation Motor recovery Spectral analysis |
| Language | English |
| License | 2023. The Author(s). Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c598t-affebc46176980088fc4ce9df0969c842d26563b25c0e7d78d245d2a2f5df2f33 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| OpenAccessLink | http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.1186/s12938-023-01124-9 |
| PMID | 37407988 |
| PQID | 2838770814 |
| PQPubID | 42562 |
| PageCount | 18 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_21de60aae9d8476aa2904b3847bb57f1 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_10320905 proquest_miscellaneous_2833997318 proquest_journals_2838770814 gale_infotracmisc_A755994003 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A755994003 gale_incontextgauss_ISR_A755994003 pubmed_primary_37407988 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12938_023_01124_9 crossref_citationtrail_10_1186_s12938_023_01124_9 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2023-07-05 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2023-07-05 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 07 year: 2023 text: 2023-07-05 day: 05 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | England |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: England – name: London |
| PublicationTitle | Biomedical engineering online |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Biomed Eng Online |
| PublicationYear | 2023 |
| Publisher | BioMed Central Ltd BioMed Central BMC |
| Publisher_xml | – name: BioMed Central Ltd – name: BioMed Central – name: BMC |
| References | J Munzert (1124_CR5) 2009; 60 MA Khan (1124_CR23) 2020; 123 F Darvas (1124_CR35) 2010; 49 F Al-Shargie (1124_CR44) 2021; 9 NC Rogasch (1124_CR60) 2016; 2017 CC Santos-Couto-Paz (1124_CR27) 2013; 17 1124_CR30 S Brunnstrom (1124_CR2) 1970 MG Maggio (1124_CR9) 2020; 10 X Ma (1124_CR33) 2020; 7 C Gerloff (1124_CR16) 2006; 129 F Xie (1124_CR20) 2015; 16 D Rey (1124_CR39) 2011 X Gu (1124_CR14) 2021; 18 H Cagnan (1124_CR37) 2019; 116 A Moran (1124_CR17) 2012; 103 SC Wriessnegger (1124_CR18) 2022; 16 A Vourvopoulos (1124_CR59) 2019; 13 X Wang (1124_CR50) 2020; 34 MA Khan (1124_CR24) 2021; 18 MA Cervera (1124_CR12) 2018; 5 X Yu (1124_CR31) 2019; 21 R Mane (1124_CR8) 2020; 17 T Inouye (1124_CR32) 1991; 79 D Ge (1124_CR40) 2002; 12 1124_CR48 R Zhang (1124_CR68) 2015; 28 CS Choy (1124_CR6) 2022; 16 C Zhang (1124_CR13) 2017; 82 S Butterworth (1124_CR62) 1930; 7 1124_CR1 F Llanos (1124_CR47) 2017; 141 SD Muthukumaraswamy (1124_CR58) 2013; 7 G Saposnik (1124_CR28) 2011; 42 Z Mu (1124_CR41) 2017; 7 SM Pincus (1124_CR43) 1991; 88 1124_CR53 D García Carrasco (1124_CR25) 2016; 31 JS Richman (1124_CR42) 2000; 278 1124_CR56 KB Wilkins (1124_CR7) 2020; 10 K Iwatsuki (1124_CR52) 2020; 12 WY Hsu (1124_CR15) 2010; 189 W Chen (1124_CR45) 2007; 15 A Subasi (1124_CR64) 2007; 32 PL Nunez (1124_CR22) 2006 XW Wang (1124_CR61) 2014; 129 C Kemlin (1124_CR19) 2016; 10 A Guillot (1124_CR49) 2005; 37 A Vertesi (1124_CR54) 2001; 47 N Bajaj (1124_CR63) 2020; 55 L Beaulieu-Laroche (1124_CR57) 2021; 600 MM Smith (1124_CR36) 2014; 8 1124_CR65 Y Tian (1124_CR46) 2017; 11 1124_CR67 KS Kim (1124_CR55) 2005; 2005 P Chholak (1124_CR4) 2019; 9 JA Urigüen (1124_CR38) 2015; 12 J Decety (1124_CR51) 1995; 72 A Vourvopoulos (1124_CR10) 2019; 13 S de Vries (1124_CR29) 2011; 2011 KM Oostra (1124_CR26) 2015; 47 RS Calabrò (1124_CR21) 2022; 10 JJ Newson (1124_CR34) 2019; 12 M Filipe (1124_CR11) 2016 A Gramfort (1124_CR66) 2013; 7 T Hanakawa (1124_CR3) 2016; 104 |
| References_xml | – volume: 104 start-page: 56 year: 2016 ident: 1124_CR3 publication-title: Neurosci Res doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.11.003 – volume: 13 start-page: 1 year: 2019 ident: 1124_CR59 publication-title: Front Human Neurosci doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00210 – volume: 17 issue: 4 year: 2020 ident: 1124_CR8 publication-title: J Neural Eng doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/aba162 – ident: 1124_CR56 – volume: 16 start-page: 487 year: 2022 ident: 1124_CR6 publication-title: IEEE Rev Biomed Eng doi: 10.1109/RBME.2022.3165062 – volume: 79 start-page: 204 issue: 3 year: 1991 ident: 1124_CR32 publication-title: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(91)90138-T – volume: 7 start-page: 536 year: 1930 ident: 1124_CR62 publication-title: Exp Wirel Wirel Eng – volume: 600 start-page: 274 issue: 7888 year: 2021 ident: 1124_CR57 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-04072-3 – volume: 8 start-page: 817 year: 2014 ident: 1124_CR36 publication-title: Front Human Neurosci doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00817 – ident: 1124_CR53 doi: 10.1109/EMBC46164.2021.9629767 – volume: 2005 start-page: 162 year: 2005 ident: 1124_CR55 publication-title: Proc Int Offshore Polar Eng Con – volume: 34 start-page: 321 issue: 4 year: 2020 ident: 1124_CR50 publication-title: Neurorehabil Neural Repair doi: 10.1177/1545968319899919 – volume: 2011 start-page: 1 year: 2011 ident: 1124_CR29 publication-title: Rehabil Res Pract – volume-title: Electric fields of the brain: the neurophysics of EEG year: 2006 ident: 1124_CR22 doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195050387.001.0001 – volume: 16 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2015 ident: 1124_CR20 publication-title: BMC Neurosci doi: 10.1186/s12868-015-0167-1 – ident: 1124_CR65 doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-100877-5.00016-5 – volume: 21 start-page: 1 issue: 11 year: 2019 ident: 1124_CR31 publication-title: Entropy doi: 10.3390/e21111057 – volume: 7 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2020 ident: 1124_CR33 publication-title: Sci Data doi: 10.1038/s41597-020-0535-2 – volume: 9 start-page: 22955 year: 2021 ident: 1124_CR44 publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3054785 – volume: 18 issue: 6 year: 2021 ident: 1124_CR24 publication-title: J Neural Eng doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac36aa – volume: 28 start-page: 680 issue: 5 year: 2015 ident: 1124_CR68 publication-title: Brain Topogr doi: 10.1007/s10548-015-0429-3 – volume: 123 year: 2020 ident: 1124_CR23 publication-title: Comput Biol Med doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103843 – ident: 1124_CR30 doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2009.08.002 – volume: 103 start-page: 224 issue: 2 year: 2012 ident: 1124_CR17 publication-title: British J Psychol doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.2011.02068.x – volume: 10 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2020 ident: 1124_CR7 publication-title: Sci Rep doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64179-x – year: 2016 ident: 1124_CR11 publication-title: Front Human Neurosci doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2016.220.00079 – ident: 1124_CR48 doi: 10.1017/9781108580298.014 – volume: 47 start-page: 2018 year: 2001 ident: 1124_CR54 publication-title: Can Fam Phys – volume: 10 start-page: 1 issue: 7 year: 2020 ident: 1124_CR9 publication-title: Brain Sci doi: 10.3390/brainsci10070414 – volume: 10 start-page: 1 issue: 10 year: 2022 ident: 1124_CR21 publication-title: Biomedicines doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10102602 – volume: 12 start-page: 1 issue: February year: 2020 ident: 1124_CR52 publication-title: Front Synaptic Neurosci – volume: 10 start-page: 1 year: 2016 ident: 1124_CR19 publication-title: Front Human Neurosci doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00321 – volume: 31 start-page: 43 issue: 1 year: 2016 ident: 1124_CR25 publication-title: Neurol. doi: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2013.02.008 – start-page: 1658 volume-title: Wilcoxon-signed-rank test year: 2011 ident: 1124_CR39 – volume: 141 start-page: EL127 issue: 2 year: 2017 ident: 1124_CR47 publication-title: J Acoust Soc Am doi: 10.1121/1.4976109 – volume: 55 year: 2020 ident: 1124_CR63 publication-title: Biomed Signal Process Control doi: 10.1016/j.bspc.2019.101624 – volume: 49 start-page: 930 issue: 1 year: 2010 ident: 1124_CR35 publication-title: NeuroImage doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.08.041 – volume: 7 start-page: 1 issue: 267 year: 2013 ident: 1124_CR66 publication-title: Front Neurosci – volume: 129 start-page: 94 year: 2014 ident: 1124_CR61 publication-title: Neurocomputing doi: 10.1016/j.neucom.2013.06.046 – ident: 1124_CR1 – volume: 37 start-page: 10 issue: 1 year: 2005 ident: 1124_CR49 publication-title: J Motor Behav doi: 10.3200/JMBR.37.1.10-20 – volume: 116 start-page: 16095 issue: 32 year: 2019 ident: 1124_CR37 publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci United States of America doi: 10.1073/pnas.1819975116 – volume: 129 start-page: 791 issue: 3 year: 2006 ident: 1124_CR16 publication-title: Brain doi: 10.1093/brain/awh713 – volume: 42 start-page: 1380 issue: 5 year: 2011 ident: 1124_CR28 publication-title: Stroke doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.605451 – volume: 18 start-page: 1645 issue: 5 year: 2021 ident: 1124_CR14 publication-title: IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform doi: 10.1109/TCBB.2021.3052811 – volume: 7 start-page: 1 year: 2013 ident: 1124_CR58 publication-title: Front Human Neurosci doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00138 – volume: 13 start-page: 1 year: 2019 ident: 1124_CR10 publication-title: Front Human Neurosci doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00244 – volume: 88 start-page: 2297 issue: 6 year: 1991 ident: 1124_CR43 publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci United States of America doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.6.2297 – volume: 16 start-page: 1 year: 2022 ident: 1124_CR18 publication-title: Front Human Neurosci doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.900834 – volume: 47 start-page: 204 issue: 3 year: 2015 ident: 1124_CR26 publication-title: J Rehabil Med doi: 10.2340/16501977-1908 – volume: 189 start-page: 295 issue: 2 year: 2010 ident: 1124_CR15 publication-title: J Neurosci Methods doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.03.030 – volume: 9 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2019 ident: 1124_CR4 publication-title: Sci Rep doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46310-9 – volume: 17 start-page: 564 issue: 6 year: 2013 ident: 1124_CR27 publication-title: Brazilian J Phys Ther doi: 10.1590/S1413-35552012005000123 – volume: 32 start-page: 1084 issue: 4 year: 2007 ident: 1124_CR64 publication-title: Expert Syst Appl doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2006.02.005 – volume: 82 start-page: 128 year: 2017 ident: 1124_CR13 publication-title: Expert Syst Appl doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2017.04.003 – volume: 15 start-page: 266 issue: 2 year: 2007 ident: 1124_CR45 publication-title: IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2007.897025 – volume: 278 start-page: H2039 year: 2000 ident: 1124_CR42 publication-title: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.2000.278.6.H2039 – start-page: 113 volume-title: In: movement therapy in hemiplegia: a neurophysiological approach year: 1970 ident: 1124_CR2 – volume: 60 start-page: 306 issue: 2 year: 2009 ident: 1124_CR5 publication-title: Brain Res Rev doi: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.12.024 – volume: 2017 start-page: 934 issue: 147 year: 2016 ident: 1124_CR60 publication-title: NeuroImage – ident: 1124_CR67 – volume: 12 start-page: 1 year: 2002 ident: 1124_CR40 publication-title: BioMed Eng Online – volume: 5 start-page: 651 issue: 5 year: 2018 ident: 1124_CR12 publication-title: Ann Clin Transl Neurol doi: 10.1002/acn3.544 – volume: 12 start-page: 1 issue: January year: 2019 ident: 1124_CR34 publication-title: Front Human Neurosci – volume: 7 start-page: 150 issue: 2 year: 2017 ident: 1124_CR41 publication-title: Appl Sci (Switzerland) – volume: 72 start-page: 127 issue: 1–2 year: 1995 ident: 1124_CR51 publication-title: Behav Brain Res doi: 10.1016/0166-4328(96)00141-6 – volume: 11 start-page: 1 issue: August year: 2017 ident: 1124_CR46 publication-title: Front Human Neurosci – volume: 12 issue: 3 year: 2015 ident: 1124_CR38 publication-title: J Neural Eng doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/12/3/031001 |
| SSID | ssj0020069 |
| Score | 2.3910375 |
| Snippet | Motor impairment is a common consequence of stroke causing difficulty in independent movement. The first month of post-stroke rehabilitation is the most... Background Motor impairment is a common consequence of stroke causing difficulty in independent movement. The first month of post-stroke rehabilitation is the... BackgroundMotor impairment is a common consequence of stroke causing difficulty in independent movement. The first month of post-stroke rehabilitation is the... Abstract Background Motor impairment is a common consequence of stroke causing difficulty in independent movement. The first month of post-stroke... |
| SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest gale pubmed crossref |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source |
| StartPage | 66 |
| SubjectTerms | Animation Basketball Basketball - physiology Basketball - psychology Brain Waves - physiology Care and treatment Channels Computer applications Cortex (motor) Disabilities EEG Electroencephalography Electroencephalography - methods Entropy Entropy of activation Experiments Frequencies Humans Imagery Imagination - physiology Mental task performance Motor Cortex - physiopathology Motor Disorders - etiology Motor Disorders - physiopathology Motor Disorders - rehabilitation Motor imagery Motor recovery Movement disorders Patients Psychomotor disorders Rank tests Rehabilitation Spectral analysis Spectrum analysis Stroke Stroke - complications Stroke - physiopathology Stroke - therapy Stroke patients Stroke Rehabilitation - methods Virtual Reality |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Lb9QwELZQDxUcUFteoS0KCIkDspr1I7aPLWJVkOAAFPVmOX7QFZBUm-yBf89Mkl0lQoILt9V6LCWfxzPfKOPPhLzkxnsvjaRpUXkqVIi00ilQIZOTpdD46Qi7LT6Wl1fi_bW8nlz1hT1hgzzwANwZW4RYFs5FEyCQls4xU4iKw--qkir1hQ_kvG0xNZZaKMC7PSKjy7MWs5qmkJ-gdIaMRs0sDfVq_X_G5ElSmjdMTjLQ8oDcH6ljfj488iG5E-sjcm8iKHhE9j-Mn8ofkOXX1RrPhuTACpFq564OOaxLs85XP1G44lcOfDWPKHCc3zZtR9tu3XyPYD_V7n5IrpZvv7y5pOOlCRQg1x11KcXKCyAmpQEyqHXywgN4CWoV47VggQGF4xWTvogqKB2YkIE5lmRILHH-iOzVTR2fkNykReA8Kl6GUkRYPKiOOPOqgprQ-WQysthiaP34VHixxQ_bVxa6tAPuFnC3Pe4W5rzezbkd9DT-an2BS7OzRC3s_g_wEDt6iP2Xh2TkBS6sRbWLGttpvrlN29p3nz_Zc4WCaxDGeEZejUapgXfwbjydAEigQNbM8mRmCdvRz4e3_mPHcNBa4HBaKWBfIiPPd8M4E1vc6thsehsgiwpibEYeD-62e2-uYM8YDSN65ogzYOYj9eqmFwtHwcTCFPLp_4DymNxl_SZStJAnZK9bb-IpkLKuetbvv99_VTI3 priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: ProQuest Technology Collection dbid: 8FG link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwELagSAgOCAq0CwUFhMQBWU38iO0TKoilIMEBKOrNcvwoK0qybHYP_Htmst5lI6TeongsxWPPfDPx-DMhL7jx3ksjaaoaT4UKkTY6BSpkcrIWGreOsNric316Jj6ey_P8w63PZZUbnzg46tB5_Ed-DDColQIAE6_nvyneGoW7q_kKjevkRgVIgyVdevp-m3AhDe_moIyuj3vENk0BpSCBBlyjZgRGA2f__555B5rGZZM7ODS9S-7kALI4Wc_4PXIttvvk9g6t4D65-SlvmN8n0--zBZ4QKSA2xIC7cG0oYHa6RTH7hfQVfwqIWouINMfFvOuXtF8uup8R5HcZvB-Qs-m7b29Pab46gYLi9ZK6lGLjBYQntYGQUOvkhY8mJMhYjNeCBQaBHG-Y9GVUQenAhAzMsSRDYonzh2Sv7dp4SAqTqsB5VLwOtYgwhZAjceZVA5mh88lMSLXRofX5q_B6i0s75Be6tmu9W9C7HfRuoc-rbZ_5mlXjSuk3ODVbSWTEHl50iwubDcyyKsS6dA4GCYBbO8dMKRoOz00jVaom5DlOrEXOixaLai7cqu_th69f7IlC2jVwZnxCXmah1MEYvMtnFEATSJM1kjwaSYJR-nHzZv3Y7BR6-28JT8izbTP2xEK3NnarQQZCRgWedkIO1sttO26uwHKMhhY9WogjxYxb2tmPgTIcaRNLU8pHV3_XY3KLDeahaCmPyN5ysYpPIOhaNk8Hy_oLiLIpsQ priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
| Title | Virtual reality and motor imagery for early post-stroke rehabilitation |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37407988 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2838770814 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2833997318 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC10320905 https://doaj.org/article/21de60aae9d8476aa2904b3847bb57f1 |
| Volume | 22 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1bixMxFA57AdEH0fVWXcsogg8SneYySR5EdmXrKuwiq5W-hUwua3GdWWdacP-9J-m0dHARfClDczI055LznSb5gtALqqy1XHEcRqXFTDiPSxkcZjwYXjAZl47ibovT4njCPk35dAutrjvqFNheW9rF-6QmzcXr37-u3kHAv00BL4s3bcxZEkP2gcIY8hVW22gXMpOINxqcsPWqQqyeVTptJDhWhE9Xh2iufUcvUSU-_79n7Y201d9SuZGjxnfQ7Q5cZgdLb7iLtny1h25tUA7uoRsn3WL6PTT-Nmvi6ZEMcGME45mpXAaWq5ts9jNSW1xlgGgzHymQs8u6neN23tQ_PMhvsnvfR5Px0df3x7i7VgGDUeQcmxB8aRlAl0IBXJQyWGa9cgGqGWUlI44AyKMl4Tb3wgnpCOOOGBK4CyRQ-gDtVHXlH6FMhZGj1AtauIJ5MC_UT5RYUULVaGxQAzRa6VDb7lfFqy8udKo9ZKGXetegd530rqHPq3WfyyXjxj-lD6Np1pKRLTt9UTfnugs-TUbOF7kxMEhIxoUxROWspPBcllyE0QA9j4bVkQ-jihtuzs2ibfXHL2f6QERKNpjo6AC97IRCDWOwpju_AJqIFFo9yf2eJASs7Tev_Eev_F0DypNCAD5jA_Rs3Rx7xk1wla8XSQbgpIBZeIAeLt1tPW4qIKqUhBbZc8SeYvot1ex7ohOPlIq5yvnj_1L8E3STpGgROOf7aGfeLPxTwGfzcoi2xVTApxx_GKLdw6PTz2fD9F_HMIXjH_Y-Nvw |
| linkProvider | Scholars Portal |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lj9MwELZWi8TjgGB5FRYICMQBWZs4TmwfEFoepWUfB9hFezOOH0sFJKVphfZP8RuZSZPSCGlve6vqsWSPZ-abie3PhDxLlbU2UxkNSWEpF87TQgZHeRZMlnOJW0d42uIwHx3zjyfZyQb5092FwWOVXUxsArWrLH4j3wEYlEIAgPHX018UX43C3dXuCY2lWez5s99QstWvxu9gfZ8zNnx_9HZE21cFKIxJzqkJwReWA3LnCrIlKYPl1isXIJlXVnLmGOQ4acEyG3vhhHSMZ44ZFjIXWMAPoBDyL_EUkBxvpg8_rAo8pP3tLubIfKdGLJUUUBEKdsBRqnrg17wR8D8SrEFh_5jmGu4Nb5DrbcIa7S4t7CbZ8OUWubZGY7hFLh-0G_S3yPDLZIY3UiLIRTHBj0zpIrCGahZNfiJdxlkEWXLkkVY5mlb1nNbzWfXdg_w6Y_htcnwhSr1DNsuq9PdIpELi0tSLNHc592AyUJOlzIoCKlFjgxqQpNOhtu2o8DmNH7qpZ2Sul3rXoHfd6F1Dn5erPtMli8e50m9waVaSyMDd_FHNTnXr0JolzuexMTBJAPjcGKZiXqTwuygyEZIBeYoLq5Fjo8RDPKdmUdd6_PmT3hVI8wbBMx2QF61QqGAO1rR3IkATSMvVk9zuSUIQsP3mzn50G4Rq_c9lBuTJqhl74sG60leLRgZSVAGRfUDuLs1tNe9UgKcqCS2yZ4g9xfRbysm3hqIcaRpjFWf3zx_XY3JldHSwr_fHh3sPyFXWuIqgcbZNNuezhX8ICd-8eNR4WUS-XrRb_wXtEGcD |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Virtual+reality+and+motor+imagery+for+early+post-stroke+rehabilitation&rft.jtitle=Biomedical+engineering+online&rft.au=Choy%2C+Chi+S.&rft.au=Fang%2C+Qiang&rft.au=Neville%2C+Katrina&rft.au=Ding%2C+Bingrui&rft.date=2023-07-05&rft.issn=1475-925X&rft.eissn=1475-925X&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2Fs12938-023-01124-9&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1186_s12938_023_01124_9 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1475-925X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1475-925X&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1475-925X&client=summon |