Decline in Physical Activity in Black Girls and White Girls during Adolescence
In this longitudinal study of black girls and white girls, the authors measured habitual levels of recreational activity from the age of 8 or 9 through the age of 18 or 19 years. The level of physical activity declined precipitously over time, so that by the age of 18 or 19, 56 percent of black girl...
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| Published in | The New England journal of medicine Vol. 347; no. 10; pp. 709 - 715 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Boston, MA
Massachusetts Medical Society
05.09.2002
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | In this longitudinal study of black girls and white girls, the authors measured habitual levels of recreational activity from the age of 8 or 9 through the age of 18 or 19 years. The level of physical activity declined precipitously over time, so that by the age of 18 or 19, 56 percent of black girls and 31 percent of white girls reported no habitual recreational activity. Predictors of declines in physical activity among black girls, white girls, or both included lower levels of parental education, higher body-mass index, pregnancy, and cigarette smoking.
By the age of 18 or 19, 56 percent of black girls and 31 percent of white girls report no habitual recreational activity.
Since the early 1960s, the prevalence of obesity in female children and adolescents in the United States has more than doubled, with the greatest increase among black girls.
1
Periodic surveys show no concomitant increase in food intake.
2
,
3
Analogous information on trends in activity level in this population is not available. It has been conjectured that adolescents have become less active in recent years, and that this trend may be responsible for the increased prevalence of obesity.
4
–
8
In cross-sectional studies, activity levels have been reported to drop by as much as 50 percent during adolescence.
7
,
8
Although white girls . . . |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Background Physical activity declines during adolescence, but the underlying reasons remain unknown. Methods We prospectively followed 1213 black girls and 1166 white girls enrolled in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study from the ages of 9 or 10 to the ages of 18 or 19 years. We used a validated questionnaire to measure leisure-time physical activity on the basis of metabolic equivalents (MET) for reported activities and their frequency in MET-times per week; a higher score indicated greater activity. Results The respective median activity scores for black girls and white girls were 27.3 and 30.8 MET-times per week at base line and declined to 0 and 11.0 by year 10 of the study (a 100 percent decline for black girls and a 64 percent decline for white girls, P<0.001). By the age of 16 or 17 years, 56 percent of the black girls and 31 percent of the white girls reported no habitual leisure-time activity. Lower levels of parental education were associated with greater decline in activity for white girls at both younger ages (P<0.001) and older ages (P=0.005); for black girls, this association was seen only at the older ages (P=0.04). Pregnancy was associated with decline in activity among black girls (P<0.001) but not among white girls, whereas cigarette smoking was associated with decline in activity among white girls (P<0.001). A higher body-mass index was associated with greater decline in activity among girls of both races (P≤0.05). Conclusions Substantial declines in physical activity occur during adolescence in girls and are greater in black girls than in white girls. Some determinants of this decline, such as higher body-mass index, pregnancy, and smoking, may be modifiable. Physical activity declines during adolescence, but the underlying reasons remain unknown. We prospectively followed 1213 black girls and 1166 white girls enrolled in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study from the ages of 9 or 10 to the ages of 18 or 19 years. We used a validated questionnaire to measure leisure-time physical activity on the basis of metabolic equivalents (MET) for reported activities and their frequency in MET-times per week; a higher score indicated greater activity. The respective median activity scores for black girls and white girls were 27.3 and 30.8 MET-times per week at base line and declined to 0 and 11.0 by year 10 of the study (a 100 percent decline for black girls and a 64 percent decline for white girls, P<0.001). By the age of 16 or 17 years, 56 percent of the black girls and 31 percent of the white girls reported no habitual leisure-time activity. Lower levels of parental education were associated with greater decline in activity for white girls at both younger ages (P<0.001) and older ages (P=0.005); for black girls, this association was seen only at the older ages (P=0.04). Pregnancy was associated with decline in activity among black girls (P<0.001) but not among white girls, whereas cigarette smoking was associated with decline in activity among white girls (P<0.001). A higher body-mass index was associated with greater decline in activity among girls of both races (P< or =0.05). Substantial declines in physical activity occur during adolescence in girls and are greater in black girls than in white girls. Some determinants of this decline, such as higher body-mass index, pregnancy, and smoking, may be modifiable. Physical activity declines during adolescence, but the underlying reasons remain unknown. We prospectively followed 1213 black girls and 1166 white girls enrolled in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study from the ages of 9 or 10 to the ages of 18 or 19 years. We used a validated questionnaire to measure leisure-time physical activity on the basis of metabolic equivalents (MET) for reported activities and their frequency in MET-times per week; a higher score indicated greater activity. The respective median activity scores for black girls and white girls were 27.3 and 30.8 MET-times per week at base line and declined to 0 and 11.0 by year 10 of the study (a 100 percent decline for black girls and a 64 percent decline for white girls, P<0.001). By the age of 16 or 17 years, 56 percent of the black girls and 31 percent of the white girls reported no habitual leisure-time activity. Lower levels of parental education were associated with greater decline in activity for white girls at both younger ages (P<0.001) and older ages (P=0.005); for black girls, this association was seen only at the older ages (P=0.04). Pregnancy was associated with decline in activity among black girls (P<0.001) but not among white girls, whereas cigarette smoking was associated with decline in activity among white girls (P<0.001). A higher body-mass index was associated with greater decline in activity among girls of both races (P less than or equal to 0.05). Substantial declines in physical activity occur during adolescence in girls and are greater in black girls than in white girls. Some determinants of this decline, such as higher body-mass index, pregnancy, and smoking, may be modifiable. In this longitudinal study of black girls and white girls, the authors measured habitual levels of recreational activity from the age of 8 or 9 through the age of 18 or 19 years. The level of physical activity declined precipitously over time, so that by the age of 18 or 19, 56 percent of black girls and 31 percent of white girls reported no habitual recreational activity. Predictors of declines in physical activity among black girls, white girls, or both included lower levels of parental education, higher body-mass index, pregnancy, and cigarette smoking. By the age of 18 or 19, 56 percent of black girls and 31 percent of white girls report no habitual recreational activity. Since the early 1960s, the prevalence of obesity in female children and adolescents in the United States has more than doubled, with the greatest increase among black girls. 1 Periodic surveys show no concomitant increase in food intake. 2 , 3 Analogous information on trends in activity level in this population is not available. It has been conjectured that adolescents have become less active in recent years, and that this trend may be responsible for the increased prevalence of obesity. 4 – 8 In cross-sectional studies, activity levels have been reported to drop by as much as 50 percent during adolescence. 7 , 8 Although white girls . . . Physical activity declines during adolescence, but the underlying reasons remain unknown.BACKGROUNDPhysical activity declines during adolescence, but the underlying reasons remain unknown.We prospectively followed 1213 black girls and 1166 white girls enrolled in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study from the ages of 9 or 10 to the ages of 18 or 19 years. We used a validated questionnaire to measure leisure-time physical activity on the basis of metabolic equivalents (MET) for reported activities and their frequency in MET-times per week; a higher score indicated greater activity.METHODSWe prospectively followed 1213 black girls and 1166 white girls enrolled in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study from the ages of 9 or 10 to the ages of 18 or 19 years. We used a validated questionnaire to measure leisure-time physical activity on the basis of metabolic equivalents (MET) for reported activities and their frequency in MET-times per week; a higher score indicated greater activity.The respective median activity scores for black girls and white girls were 27.3 and 30.8 MET-times per week at base line and declined to 0 and 11.0 by year 10 of the study (a 100 percent decline for black girls and a 64 percent decline for white girls, P<0.001). By the age of 16 or 17 years, 56 percent of the black girls and 31 percent of the white girls reported no habitual leisure-time activity. Lower levels of parental education were associated with greater decline in activity for white girls at both younger ages (P<0.001) and older ages (P=0.005); for black girls, this association was seen only at the older ages (P=0.04). Pregnancy was associated with decline in activity among black girls (P<0.001) but not among white girls, whereas cigarette smoking was associated with decline in activity among white girls (P<0.001). A higher body-mass index was associated with greater decline in activity among girls of both races (P< or =0.05).RESULTSThe respective median activity scores for black girls and white girls were 27.3 and 30.8 MET-times per week at base line and declined to 0 and 11.0 by year 10 of the study (a 100 percent decline for black girls and a 64 percent decline for white girls, P<0.001). By the age of 16 or 17 years, 56 percent of the black girls and 31 percent of the white girls reported no habitual leisure-time activity. Lower levels of parental education were associated with greater decline in activity for white girls at both younger ages (P<0.001) and older ages (P=0.005); for black girls, this association was seen only at the older ages (P=0.04). Pregnancy was associated with decline in activity among black girls (P<0.001) but not among white girls, whereas cigarette smoking was associated with decline in activity among white girls (P<0.001). A higher body-mass index was associated with greater decline in activity among girls of both races (P< or =0.05).Substantial declines in physical activity occur during adolescence in girls and are greater in black girls than in white girls. Some determinants of this decline, such as higher body-mass index, pregnancy, and smoking, may be modifiable.CONCLUSIONSSubstantial declines in physical activity occur during adolescence in girls and are greater in black girls than in white girls. Some determinants of this decline, such as higher body-mass index, pregnancy, and smoking, may be modifiable. |
| Author | Kriska, Andrea M Barton, Bruce A Kronsberg, Shari S Glynn, Nancy W Kimm, Sue Y.S Liu, Kiang Sabry, Zak I Crawford, Patricia B Daniels, Stephen R |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sue Y.S surname: Kimm fullname: Kimm, Sue Y.S – sequence: 2 givenname: Nancy W surname: Glynn fullname: Glynn, Nancy W – sequence: 3 givenname: Andrea M surname: Kriska fullname: Kriska, Andrea M – sequence: 4 givenname: Bruce A surname: Barton fullname: Barton, Bruce A – sequence: 5 givenname: Shari S surname: Kronsberg fullname: Kronsberg, Shari S – sequence: 6 givenname: Stephen R surname: Daniels fullname: Daniels, Stephen R – sequence: 7 givenname: Patricia B surname: Crawford fullname: Crawford, Patricia B – sequence: 8 givenname: Zak I surname: Sabry fullname: Sabry, Zak I – sequence: 9 givenname: Kiang surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Kiang |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=13891609$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12213941$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CODEN | NEJMAG |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2002 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved. 2002 INIST-CNRS Copyright 2002 Massachusetts Medical Society |
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| Keywords | Human Physical exercise Negroid Sedentarization Epidemiology Cohort study Adolescent Risk factor Race Female Caucasoid Child Public health African American |
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| References | 12213948 - N Engl J Med. 2002 Sep 5;347(10):755-6 12213940 - N Engl J Med. 2002 Sep 5;347(10):706-7 Kimm SYS (r026) 1999; 21 r021 r022 r023 r017 r019 r013 r014 r015 r016 Kann L (r004) 1998; 47 Heath GW (r007) 1994; 148 Kriska AM (r020) 1997; 29 Troiano RP (r001) 1995; 149 r031 r010 r011 r012 Sallis JF (r005) 1992; 24 Lazarus NB (r024) 1989; 5 r030 r006 r028 r029 r008 r009 r002 r003 r025 r027 |
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| Snippet | In this longitudinal study of black girls and white girls, the authors measured habitual levels of recreational activity from the age of 8 or 9 through the age... Physical activity declines during adolescence, but the underlying reasons remain unknown. We prospectively followed 1213 black girls and 1166 white girls... Background Physical activity declines during adolescence, but the underlying reasons remain unknown. Methods We prospectively followed 1213 black girls and... Physical activity declines during adolescence, but the underlying reasons remain unknown. We prospectively followed 1213 black girls and 1166 white girls... Physical activity declines during adolescence, but the underlying reasons remain unknown.BACKGROUNDPhysical activity declines during adolescence, but the... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult African Continental Ancestry Group Biological and medical sciences Body Mass Index Child Child development Education Educational Status European Continental Ancestry Group Exercise Female Health maintenance organizations High school basketball HMOs Humans Income Medical sciences Miscellaneous Pregnancy Prospective Studies Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Smoking - epidemiology Socioeconomic factors Surveys and Questionnaires Teenagers United States - epidemiology |
| Title | Decline in Physical Activity in Black Girls and White Girls during Adolescence |
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