Prevalence of trachoma in the north region of Cameroon: results of a survey in 15 health districts
To estimate the prevalence of trachoma in the North Region of Cameroon in order to facilitate the planning of trachoma control activities in this region, a survey was carried out in 2011 and 2012 in 15 health districts (HDs). A cross-sectional, two-stage cluster random sampling survey was carried ou...
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| Published in | PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol. 8; no. 6; p. e2932 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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United States
Public Library of Science
01.06.2014
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| Abstract | To estimate the prevalence of trachoma in the North Region of Cameroon in order to facilitate the planning of trachoma control activities in this region, a survey was carried out in 2011 and 2012 in 15 health districts (HDs).
A cross-sectional, two-stage cluster random sampling survey was carried out. The survey focused on two target populations: children aged 1 to 9 years for the prevalence of Trachomatous Inflammation-Follicular (TF) and those aged 15 and over for the prevalence of Trachomatous Trichiasis (TT). The sample frame was an exhaustive list of villages and neighborhoods of HDs. The World Health Organization simplified trachoma grading system was used for the recognition and registration of cases of trachoma.
30,562 children aged 1 to 9 years and 24,864 people aged 15 and above were examined. In children aged 1-9 years, the overall prevalence of TF was 4.2% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 4.0-4.5%). Three (3) of 15 HDs in the region showed TF prevalence of ≥ 10% (Poli, Rey Bouba, and Tcholliré). The overall TT prevalence was 0.25% (95% CI: 0.20-0.33%). There were estimated 1265 TT cases in the region. The prevalence of blindness was 0.01% (95% CI: 0.00-0.03%), low vision was 0.11% (95% CI: 0.07-0.17%), and corneal opacity was 0.22% (95% CI: 0.17-0.29%).
This survey provides baseline data for the planning of activities to control trachoma in the region. The overall prevalence of TF in the region is 4.2%, and that of TT is 0.2%; three HDs have a TF prevalence ≥ 10%. These three HDs are eligible for mass drug administration with azythromycin, along with the implementation of the "F" and "E" components of the SAFE strategy. |
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| AbstractList | To estimate the prevalence of trachoma in the North Region of Cameroon in order to facilitate the planning of trachoma control activities in this region, a survey was carried out in 2011 and 2012 in 15 health districts (HDs).
A cross-sectional, two-stage cluster random sampling survey was carried out. The survey focused on two target populations: children aged 1 to 9 years for the prevalence of Trachomatous Inflammation-Follicular (TF) and those aged 15 and over for the prevalence of Trachomatous Trichiasis (TT). The sample frame was an exhaustive list of villages and neighborhoods of HDs. The World Health Organization simplified trachoma grading system was used for the recognition and registration of cases of trachoma.
30,562 children aged 1 to 9 years and 24,864 people aged 15 and above were examined. In children aged 1-9 years, the overall prevalence of TF was 4.2% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 4.0-4.5%). Three (3) of 15 HDs in the region showed TF prevalence of ≥ 10% (Poli, Rey Bouba, and Tcholliré). The overall TT prevalence was 0.25% (95% CI: 0.20-0.33%). There were estimated 1265 TT cases in the region. The prevalence of blindness was 0.01% (95% CI: 0.00-0.03%), low vision was 0.11% (95% CI: 0.07-0.17%), and corneal opacity was 0.22% (95% CI: 0.17-0.29%).
This survey provides baseline data for the planning of activities to control trachoma in the region. The overall prevalence of TF in the region is 4.2%, and that of TT is 0.2%; three HDs have a TF prevalence ≥ 10%. These three HDs are eligible for mass drug administration with azythromycin, along with the implementation of the "F" and "E" components of the SAFE strategy. BACKGROUND:To estimate the prevalence of trachoma in the North Region of Cameroon in order to facilitate the planning of trachoma control activities in this region, a survey was carried out in 2011 and 2012 in 15 health districts (HDs). METHODOLOGY:A cross-sectional, two-stage cluster random sampling survey was carried out. The survey focused on two target populations: children aged 1 to 9 years for the prevalence of Trachomatous Inflammation-Follicular (TF) and those aged 15 and over for the prevalence of Trachomatous Trichiasis (TT). The sample frame was an exhaustive list of villages and neighborhoods of HDs. The World Health Organization simplified trachoma grading system was used for the recognition and registration of cases of trachoma. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:30,562 children aged 1 to 9 years and 24,864 people aged 15 and above were examined. In children aged 1-9 years, the overall prevalence of TF was 4.2% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 4.0-4.5%). Three (3) of 15 HDs in the region showed TF prevalence of ≥ 10% (Poli, Rey Bouba, and Tcholliré). The overall TT prevalence was 0.25% (95% CI: 0.20-0.33%). There were estimated 1265 TT cases in the region. The prevalence of blindness was 0.01% (95% CI: 0.00-0.03%), low vision was 0.11% (95% CI: 0.07-0.17%), and corneal opacity was 0.22% (95% CI: 0.17-0.29%). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:This survey provides baseline data for the planning of activities to control trachoma in the region. The overall prevalence of TF in the region is 4.2%, and that of TT is 0.2%; three HDs have a TF prevalence ≥ 10%. These three HDs are eligible for mass drug administration with azythromycin, along with the implementation of the "F" and "E" components of the SAFE strategy. BACKGROUNDTo estimate the prevalence of trachoma in the North Region of Cameroon in order to facilitate the planning of trachoma control activities in this region, a survey was carried out in 2011 and 2012 in 15 health districts (HDs).METHODOLOGYA cross-sectional, two-stage cluster random sampling survey was carried out. The survey focused on two target populations: children aged 1 to 9 years for the prevalence of Trachomatous Inflammation-Follicular (TF) and those aged 15 and over for the prevalence of Trachomatous Trichiasis (TT). The sample frame was an exhaustive list of villages and neighborhoods of HDs. The World Health Organization simplified trachoma grading system was used for the recognition and registration of cases of trachoma.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS30,562 children aged 1 to 9 years and 24,864 people aged 15 and above were examined. In children aged 1-9 years, the overall prevalence of TF was 4.2% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 4.0-4.5%). Three (3) of 15 HDs in the region showed TF prevalence of ≥ 10% (Poli, Rey Bouba, and Tcholliré). The overall TT prevalence was 0.25% (95% CI: 0.20-0.33%). There were estimated 1265 TT cases in the region. The prevalence of blindness was 0.01% (95% CI: 0.00-0.03%), low vision was 0.11% (95% CI: 0.07-0.17%), and corneal opacity was 0.22% (95% CI: 0.17-0.29%).CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCEThis survey provides baseline data for the planning of activities to control trachoma in the region. The overall prevalence of TF in the region is 4.2%, and that of TT is 0.2%; three HDs have a TF prevalence ≥ 10%. These three HDs are eligible for mass drug administration with azythromycin, along with the implementation of the "F" and "E" components of the SAFE strategy. Background: To estimate the prevalence of trachoma in the North Region of Cameroon in order to facilitate the planning of trachoma control activities in this region, a survey was carried out in 2011 and 2012 in 15 health districts (HDs). Methodology: A cross-sectional, two-stage cluster random sampling survey was carried out. The survey focused on two target populations: children aged 1 to 9 years for the prevalence of Trachomatous Inflammation-Follicular (TF) and those aged 15 and over for the prevalence of Trachomatous Trichiasis (TT). The sample frame was an exhaustive list of villages and neighborhoods of HDs. The World Health Organization simplified trachoma grading system was used for the recognition and registration of cases of trachoma. Principal Findings: 30,562 children aged 1 to 9 years and 24,864 people aged 15 and above were examined. In children aged 1-9 years, the overall prevalence of TF was 4.2% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 4.0-4.5%). Three (3) of 15 HDs in the region showed TF prevalence of [greater than or equal to] 10% (Poli, Rey Bouba, and Tchollire). The overall TT prevalence was 0.25% (95% CI: 0.20-0.33%). There were estimated 1265 TT cases in the region. The prevalence of blindness was 0.01% (95% CI: 0.00-0.03%), low vision was 0.11% (95% CI: 0.07-0.17%), and corneal opacity was 0.22% (95% CI: 0.17-0.29%). Conclusions/Significance: This survey provides baseline data for the planning of activities to control trachoma in the region. The overall prevalence of TF in the region is 4.2%, and that of TT is 0.2%; three HDs have a TF prevalence ≥ 10%. These three HDs are eligible for mass drug administration with azythromycin, along with the implementation of the "F" and "E" components of the SAFE strategy. Background To estimate the prevalence of trachoma in the North Region of Cameroon in order to facilitate the planning of trachoma control activities in this region, a survey was carried out in 2011 and 2012 in 15 health districts (HDs). Methodology A cross-sectional, two-stage cluster random sampling survey was carried out. The survey focused on two target populations: children aged 1 to 9 years for the prevalence of Trachomatous Inflammation-Follicular (TF) and those aged 15 and over for the prevalence of Trachomatous Trichiasis (TT). The sample frame was an exhaustive list of villages and neighborhoods of HDs. The World Health Organization simplified trachoma grading system was used for the recognition and registration of cases of trachoma. Principal Findings 30,562 children aged 1 to 9 years and 24,864 people aged 15 and above were examined. In children aged 1-9 years, the overall prevalence of TF was 4.2% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 4.0-4.5%). Three (3) of 15 HDs in the region showed TF prevalence of ≥10% (Poli, Rey Bouba, and Tcholliré). The overall TT prevalence was 0.25% (95% CI: 0.20-0.33%). There were estimated 1265 TT cases in the region. The prevalence of blindness was 0.01% (95% CI: 0.00-0.03%), low vision was 0.11% (95% CI: 0.07-0.17%), and corneal opacity was 0.22% (95% CI: 0.17-0.29%). Conclusions/Significance This survey provides baseline data for the planning of activities to control trachoma in the region. The overall prevalence of TF in the region is 4.2%, and that of TT is 0.2%; three HDs have a TF prevalence ≥10%. These three HDs are eligible for mass drug administration with azythromycin, along with the implementation of the "F" and "E" components of the SAFE strategy. Trachoma is the most common infectious cause of blindness. Recurrent episodes of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis cause conjunctival inflammation in children who go on to develop scarring and blindness as adults. The current effort led by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Alliance for Global Elimination of Blinding Trachoma by the year 2020 (GET2020) is to eliminate trachoma as a blinding disease worldwide by the year 2020 using the SAFE strategy (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness and Environmental improvement). To estimate the prevalence of trachoma in the North Region of Cameroon in order to facilitate the planning of trachoma control activities in this region, a survey was carried out in 2011 and 2012 in 15 health districts (HDs). The overall prevalence of TF in the region is 4.2%, and that of TT is 0.25%; three HDs have a TF prevalence ≥10%. These three HDs are eligible for mass drug administration with azythromycin, along with the implementation of the “F” and “E” components of the SAFE strategy. There were estimated 1265 TT. This survey provides baseline data for the planning of activities to control trachoma in the region. Principal Findings: 30,562 children aged 1 to 9 years and 24,864 people aged 15 and above were examined. In children aged 1-9 years, the overall prevalence of TF was 4.2% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 4.0-4.5%). Three (3) of 15 HDs in the region showed TF prevalence of [greater than or equal to] 10% (Poli, Rey Bouba, and Tchollire). The overall TT prevalence was 0.25% (95% CI: 0.20-0.33%). There were estimated 1265 TT cases in the region. The prevalence of blindness was 0.01% (95% CI: 0.00-0.03%), low vision was 0.11% (95% CI: 0.07-0.17%), and corneal opacity was 0.22% (95% CI: 0.17-0.29%). |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Tarini Hien, Ann Noa Noatina, Blaise Souleymanou, Yaya Moungui, Henri Claude Akame, Julie Zhang, Yaobi Bella, Assumpta Lucienne Françoise Kagmeni, Giles |
| AuthorAffiliation | 6 Helen Keller International, Regional Office for Africa, Dakar, Senegal 7 Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun 4 Délégation Régionale de la Santé Publique de l'Extrême-Nord, Maroua, Cameroun 1 Programme National de Lutte Contre la Cécité, Ministère de la Santé, Yaoundé, Cameroun 3 Délégation Régionale de la Santé Publique du Nord, Garoua, Cameroun 5 Helen Keller International, Yaoundé, Cameroun University of Cambridge, United Kingdom 2 Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun |
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| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science 2014 Noa Noatina et al 2014 Noa Noatina et al 2014 Noa Noatina et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Noa Noatina B, Kagmeni G, Souleymanou Y, Moungui HC, Tarini Hien A, et al. (2014) Prevalence of Trachoma in the North Region of Cameroon: Results of a Survey in 15 Health Districts. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8(6): e2932. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002932 |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: BNN GK ATH ALFB. Performed the experiments: BNN GK YS. Analyzed the data: HCM YZ. Wrote the paper: BNN YZ. Coordinated the program and the study: BNN ATH JA. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. |
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| References_xml | – volume: 7 start-page: e2240 year: 2013 ident: ref8 article-title: Prevalence of trachoma in the Far North region of Cameroon: results of a survey in 27 Health Districts publication-title: PLoS Negl Trop Dis doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002240 contributor: fullname: B Noa Noatina – volume: 15 start-page: 673 year: 2010 ident: ref2 article-title: Epidemiology and control of trachoma: systematic review publication-title: Trop Med Int Health doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2010.02521.x contributor: fullname: VH Hu – volume: 69 start-page: 953 year: 2009 ident: ref5 article-title: Strategies to control trachoma publication-title: Drugs doi: 10.2165/00003495-200969080-00002 contributor: fullname: AA Mathew – volume: 15 start-page: 303 year: 2008 ident: ref20 article-title: Prevalence of trachoma in Yobe State, north-eastern Nigeria publication-title: Ophthalmic Epidemiol doi: 10.1080/09286580802237633 contributor: fullname: C Mpyet – year: 2010 ident: ref15 article-title: International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems - 10th revision: World Health Organization – ident: ref9 – volume: 108 start-page: 2219 year: 2001 ident: ref23 article-title: Natural history of trachomatous scarring in The Gambia: results of a 12-year longitudinal follow-up publication-title: Ophthalmology doi: 10.1016/S0161-6420(01)00645-5 contributor: fullname: RJ Bowman – ident: ref11 – ident: ref17 – volume: 13 start-page: 9 year: 2003 ident: ref21 article-title: [Trachoma in Chad: results of an epidemiological survey] publication-title: Sante contributor: fullname: MO Madani – ident: ref4 – ident: ref6 – volume: 91 start-page: 13 year: 2007 ident: ref22 article-title: Prevalence and risk factors for trachoma and ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Niger publication-title: Br J Ophthalmol doi: 10.1136/bjo.2006.099507 contributor: fullname: A Abdou – volume: 17 start-page: 857 year: 1998 ident: ref16 article-title: Two-sided confidence intervals for the single proportion: comparison of seven methods publication-title: Stat Med doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19980430)17:8<857::AID-SIM777>3.0.CO;2-E contributor: fullname: RG Newcombe – volume: 65 start-page: 477 year: 1987 ident: ref14 article-title: A simple system for the assessment of trachoma and its complications publication-title: Bull World Health Organ contributor: fullname: B Thylefors – volume: 88 start-page: 1368 year: 2004 ident: ref24 article-title: Gender equity and trichiasis surgery in the Vietnam and Tanzania national trachoma control programmes publication-title: Br J Ophthalmol doi: 10.1136/bjo.2004.041657 contributor: fullname: S West – volume: 88 start-page: 242 year: 2013 ident: ref1 article-title: Global Alliance for the Elimination of Blinding Trachoma by 2020 publication-title: Wkly Epidemiol Rec – volume: 10 start-page: 92 year: 2012 ident: ref3 article-title: Review: Targeting trachoma: Strategies to reduce the leading infectious cause of blindness publication-title: Travel Med Infect Dis doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2012.01.005 contributor: fullname: A Baneke – volume: 84 start-page: 79 year: 2007 ident: ref7 article-title: Le trachome au Cameroun: résultats d'une enquête épidémiologique dans le district de Kolofata dans la province de l'Extrême-Nord publication-title: Rev int Trach Pathol Ocul Trop et Subtrop Santé Publique contributor: fullname: P Bensaïd – volume: 16 start-page: 348 year: 2007 ident: ref19 article-title: Prevalence and magnitude of trachoma in a local government area of Sokoto State, north western Nigeria publication-title: Niger J Med contributor: fullname: R Mansur – volume: 65 start-page: 485 year: 1987 ident: ref13 article-title: Trachoma: evaluation of a new grading scheme in the United Republic of Tanzania publication-title: Bull World Health Organ contributor: fullname: HR Taylor – volume: 15 start-page: 294 year: 2008 ident: ref18 article-title: Blinding trachoma in katsina state, Nigeria: population-based prevalence survey in ten local government areas publication-title: Ophthalmic Epidemiol doi: 10.1080/09286580802256542 contributor: fullname: NF Jip – volume: 103 start-page: 985 year: 2009 ident: ref25 article-title: The excess burden of trachomatous trichiasis in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis publication-title: Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.03.012 contributor: fullname: EA Cromwell – volume: 87 start-page: 143 year: 2009 ident: ref10 article-title: Trachoma survey methods: a literature review publication-title: Bull World Health Organ doi: 10.2471/BLT.07.046326 contributor: fullname: J Ngondi – volume: 19 start-page: 68 year: 2006 ident: ref12 article-title: Rapid assessment of avoidable blindness publication-title: Community Eye Health contributor: fullname: H Kuper |
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| Snippet | To estimate the prevalence of trachoma in the North Region of Cameroon in order to facilitate the planning of trachoma control activities in this region, a... Background: To estimate the prevalence of trachoma in the North Region of Cameroon in order to facilitate the planning of trachoma control activities in this... Principal Findings: 30,562 children aged 1 to 9 years and 24,864 people aged 15 and above were examined. In children aged 1-9 years, the overall prevalence of... BACKGROUNDTo estimate the prevalence of trachoma in the North Region of Cameroon in order to facilitate the planning of trachoma control activities in this... Trachoma is the most common infectious cause of blindness. Recurrent episodes of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis cause conjunctival inflammation in... BACKGROUND:To estimate the prevalence of trachoma in the North Region of Cameroon in order to facilitate the planning of trachoma control activities in this... Background To estimate the prevalence of trachoma in the North Region of Cameroon in order to facilitate the planning of trachoma control activities in this... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Alliances Antibiotics Blindness Cameroon - epidemiology Child Child, Preschool Confidence intervals Cross-Sectional Studies Female Health facilities Humans Infant Male Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Prevalence Public health Public health administration Sanitation Surveys Trachoma Trachoma - epidemiology Young Adult |
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| Title | Prevalence of trachoma in the north region of Cameroon: results of a survey in 15 health districts |
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