Prevalence of trachoma in the Far North region of Cameroon: results of a survey in 27 Health Districts

Cameroon is known to be endemic with trachoma. To appreciate the burden of the disease and facilitate the national planning of trachoma control in the integrated control program for the neglected tropical diseases, an epidemiological mapping of trachoma was conducted in the Far North region in 2010-...

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Published inPLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol. 7; no. 5; p. e2240
Main Authors Noa Noatina, Blaise, Kagmeni, Giles, Mengouo, Marcellin Nimpa, Moungui, Henri Claude, Tarini, Ann, Zhang, Yaobi, Bella, Assumpta Lucienne Françoise
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 01.05.2013
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Abstract Cameroon is known to be endemic with trachoma. To appreciate the burden of the disease and facilitate the national planning of trachoma control in the integrated control program for the neglected tropical diseases, an epidemiological mapping of trachoma was conducted in the Far North region in 2010-11. A cross-sectional, cluster random sampling survey was carried out. The survey focused on two target populations: children aged 1 to 9 years for the prevalence of active trachoma and those aged 15 and over for the prevalence of trichiasis (TT). The sample frame was an exhaustive list of villages and neighborhoods of Health Districts (HDs). The World Health Organization simplified trachoma grading system was used for the recognition and registration of cases of trachoma. 48,844 children aged 1 to 9 years and 41,533 people aged 15 and over were examined. In children aged 1-9 years, the overall prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) was 11.2% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 11.0-11.5%). More girls were affected than boys (p = 0.003). Thirteen (13) of 27 HDs in the region showed TF prevalence of ≥10%. The overall TT prevalence was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.9-1.1%). There were estimated 17193 (95% CI: 12576-25860) TT cases in the region. The prevalence of blindness was 0.04% (95% CI: 0.03-0.07%) and visual impairment was 0.09% (95% CI: 0.07-0.13%). The survey confirmed that trachoma is a public health problem in the Far North region with 13 HDs qualified for district-level mass drug administration with azithromycin. It provided a foundation for the national program to plan and implement the SAFE strategy in the region. Effort must be made to find resources to provide the surgical operations to the 17193 TT cases and prevent them from becoming blind.
AbstractList Background: Cameroon is known to be endemic with trachoma. To appreciate the burden of the disease and facilitate the national planning of trachoma control in the integrated control program for the neglected tropical diseases, an epidemiological mapping of trachoma was conducted in the Far North region in 2010-11. Methodology: A cross-sectional, cluster random sampling survey was carried out. The survey focused on two target populations: children aged 1 to 9 years for the prevalence of active trachoma and those aged 15 and over for the prevalence of trichiasis (TT). The sample frame was an exhaustive list of villages and neighborhoods of Health Districts (HDs). The World Health Organization simplified trachoma grading system was used for the recognition and registration of cases of trachoma. Principal Findings: 48,844 children aged 1 to 9 years and 41,533 people aged 15 and over were examined. In children aged 1-9 years, the overall prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) was 11.2% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 11.0-11.5%). More girls were affected than boys (p = 0.003). Thirteen (13) of 27 HDs in the region showed TF prevalence of ≥10%. The overall TT prevalence was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.9-1.1%). There were estimated 17193 (95% CI: 12576-25860) TT cases in the region. The prevalence of blindness was 0.04% (95% CI: 0.03-0.07%) and visual impairment was 0.09% (95% CI: 0.07-0.13%). Conclusions/Significance: The survey confirmed that trachoma is a public health problem in the Far North region with 13 HDs qualified for district-level mass drug administration with azithromycin. It provided a foundation for the national program to plan and implement the SAFE strategy in the region. Effort must be made to find resources to provide the surgical operations to the 17193 TT cases and prevent them from becoming blind.
Principal Findings: 48,844 children aged 1 to 9 years and 41,533 people aged 15 and over were examined. In children aged 1-9 years, the overall prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) was 11.2% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 11.0-11.5%). More girls were affected than boys (p = 0.003). Thirteen (13) of 27 HDs in the region showed TF prevalence of ≥10%. The overall TT prevalence was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.9-1.1%). There were estimated 17193 (95% CI: 12576-25860) TT cases in the region. The prevalence of blindness was 0.04% (95% CI: 0.03-0.07%) and visual impairment was 0.09% (95% CI: 0.07-0.13%).
BACKGROUNDCameroon is known to be endemic with trachoma. To appreciate the burden of the disease and facilitate the national planning of trachoma control in the integrated control program for the neglected tropical diseases, an epidemiological mapping of trachoma was conducted in the Far North region in 2010-11. METHODOLOGYA cross-sectional, cluster random sampling survey was carried out. The survey focused on two target populations: children aged 1 to 9 years for the prevalence of active trachoma and those aged 15 and over for the prevalence of trichiasis (TT). The sample frame was an exhaustive list of villages and neighborhoods of Health Districts (HDs). The World Health Organization simplified trachoma grading system was used for the recognition and registration of cases of trachoma. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS48,844 children aged 1 to 9 years and 41,533 people aged 15 and over were examined. In children aged 1-9 years, the overall prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) was 11.2% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 11.0-11.5%). More girls were affected than boys (p = 0.003). Thirteen (13) of 27 HDs in the region showed TF prevalence of ≥10%. The overall TT prevalence was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.9-1.1%). There were estimated 17193 (95% CI: 12576-25860) TT cases in the region. The prevalence of blindness was 0.04% (95% CI: 0.03-0.07%) and visual impairment was 0.09% (95% CI: 0.07-0.13%). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCEThe survey confirmed that trachoma is a public health problem in the Far North region with 13 HDs qualified for district-level mass drug administration with azithromycin. It provided a foundation for the national program to plan and implement the SAFE strategy in the region. Effort must be made to find resources to provide the surgical operations to the 17193 TT cases and prevent them from becoming blind.
Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness in the world, which is caused by repeated eye infections with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis . The global objective of trachoma control is to eliminate trachoma as a blinding disease worldwide by Year 2020, using the World Health Organization-endorsed SAFE strategy (Surgery to correct trichiasis, Antibiotics to treat infection, Facial cleanliness and Environmental improvement to interrupt transmission). In order to implement the control program, the knowledge of the disease distribution and prevalence in each district is essential. Disease mapping surveys were conducted in 27 health districts in the Far North region in Cameroon. Thirteen health districts have a prevalence of trachomatous inflammation–follicular ≥10% in children aged 1–9 years and qualify for district-level mass antibiotic treatment as well as intensive implementation of other components of SAFE. There are estimated to be 17193 trichiasis cases in the region, which need surgical operations to prevent from being blinded. The survey provided a foundation for the national program to plan and implement the SAFE strategy in the region.
Cameroon is known to be endemic with trachoma. To appreciate the burden of the disease and facilitate the national planning of trachoma control in the integrated control program for the neglected tropical diseases, an epidemiological mapping of trachoma was conducted in the Far North region in 2010-11. A cross-sectional, cluster random sampling survey was carried out. The survey focused on two target populations: children aged 1 to 9 years for the prevalence of active trachoma and those aged 15 and over for the prevalence of trichiasis (TT). The sample frame was an exhaustive list of villages and neighborhoods of Health Districts (HDs). The World Health Organization simplified trachoma grading system was used for the recognition and registration of cases of trachoma. 48,844 children aged 1 to 9 years and 41,533 people aged 15 and over were examined. In children aged 1-9 years, the overall prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) was 11.2% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 11.0-11.5%). More girls were affected than boys (p = 0.003). Thirteen (13) of 27 HDs in the region showed TF prevalence of ≥10%. The overall TT prevalence was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.9-1.1%). There were estimated 17193 (95% CI: 12576-25860) TT cases in the region. The prevalence of blindness was 0.04% (95% CI: 0.03-0.07%) and visual impairment was 0.09% (95% CI: 0.07-0.13%). The survey confirmed that trachoma is a public health problem in the Far North region with 13 HDs qualified for district-level mass drug administration with azithromycin. It provided a foundation for the national program to plan and implement the SAFE strategy in the region. Effort must be made to find resources to provide the surgical operations to the 17193 TT cases and prevent them from becoming blind.
  Background Cameroon is known to be endemic with trachoma. To appreciate the burden of the disease and facilitate the national planning of trachoma control in the integrated control program for the neglected tropical diseases, an epidemiological mapping of trachoma was conducted in the Far North region in 2010-11. Methodology A cross-sectional, cluster random sampling survey was carried out. The survey focused on two target populations: children aged 1 to 9 years for the prevalence of active trachoma and those aged 15 and over for the prevalence of trichiasis (TT). The sample frame was an exhaustive list of villages and neighborhoods of Health Districts (HDs). The World Health Organization simplified trachoma grading system was used for the recognition and registration of cases of trachoma. Principal Findings 48,844 children aged 1 to 9 years and 41,533 people aged 15 and over were examined. In children aged 1-9 years, the overall prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) was 11.2% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 11.0-11.5%). More girls were affected than boys (p = 0.003). Thirteen (13) of 27 HDs in the region showed TF prevalence of ≥10%. The overall TT prevalence was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.9-1.1%). There were estimated 17193 (95% CI: 12576-25860) TT cases in the region. The prevalence of blindness was 0.04% (95% CI: 0.03-0.07%) and visual impairment was 0.09% (95% CI: 0.07-0.13%). Conclusions/Significance The survey confirmed that trachoma is a public health problem in the Far North region with 13 HDs qualified for district-level mass drug administration with azithromycin. It provided a foundation for the national program to plan and implement the SAFE strategy in the region. Effort must be made to find resources to provide the surgical operations to the 17193 TT cases and prevent them from becoming blind.
Audience Academic
Author Noa Noatina, Blaise
Mengouo, Marcellin Nimpa
Moungui, Henri Claude
Tarini, Ann
Zhang, Yaobi
Bella, Assumpta Lucienne Françoise
Kagmeni, Giles
AuthorAffiliation University of California San Diego School of Medicine, United States of America
6 Helen Keller International, Regional Office for Africa, Dakar, Senegal
4 Délégation Régionale de la Santé Publique de l'Extrême-Nord, Maroua, Cameroun
1 Programme National de Lutte Contre la Cécité, Ministère de la Santé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
3 World Health Organization, Yaoundé, Cameroun
5 Helen Keller International, Yaoundé, Cameroun
2 Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences Biomédicales, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroun
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Keywords Cameroon
Prevalence
Cross-Sectional Studies
Humans
Middle Aged
Child, Preschool
Trachoma
Infant
Male
Endemic Diseases
Young Adult
Aged, 80 & over
Adolescent
Adult
Female
Aged
Child
Language English
License This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
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Conceived and designed the experiments: BNN GK MNM AT ALFB. Performed the experiments: BNN MNM. Analyzed the data: HCM YZ. Wrote the paper: BNN YZ. Coordinated the program and the study: BNN AT.
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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Snippet Cameroon is known to be endemic with trachoma. To appreciate the burden of the disease and facilitate the national planning of trachoma control in the...
Background: Cameroon is known to be endemic with trachoma. To appreciate the burden of the disease and facilitate the national planning of trachoma control in...
Principal Findings: 48,844 children aged 1 to 9 years and 41,533 people aged 15 and over were examined. In children aged 1-9 years, the overall prevalence of...
BACKGROUNDCameroon is known to be endemic with trachoma. To appreciate the burden of the disease and facilitate the national planning of trachoma control in...
Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness in the world, which is caused by repeated eye infections with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis . The...
BACKGROUND: Cameroon is known to be endemic with trachoma. To appreciate the burden of the disease and facilitate the national planning of trachoma control in...
  Background Cameroon is known to be endemic with trachoma. To appreciate the burden of the disease and facilitate the national planning of trachoma control in...
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StartPage e2240
SubjectTerms Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Cameroon - epidemiology
Care and treatment
Child
Child, Preschool
Confidence intervals
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diagnosis
Disease
Distribution
Endemic Diseases
Female
Health care access
Humans
Infant
Male
Medicine
Methods
Middle Aged
Prevalence
Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)
Public health
Trachoma
Trachoma - epidemiology
Tropical diseases
Young Adult
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Title Prevalence of trachoma in the Far North region of Cameroon: results of a survey in 27 Health Districts
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23717703
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1356956589
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002240
Volume 7
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