Lift enhancement by bats' dynamically changing wingspan

This paper elucidates the aerodynamic role of the dynamically changing wingspan in bat flight. Based on direct numerical simulations of the flow over a slow-flying bat, it is found that the dynamically changing wingspan can significantly enhance the lift. Further, an analysis of flow structures and...

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Published inJournal of the Royal Society interface Vol. 12; no. 113; p. 20150821
Main Authors Wang, Shizhao, Zhang, Xing, He, Guowei, Liu, Tianshu
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England The Royal Society 06.12.2015
Subjects
Animals
Bat Flight
Chiroptera - anatomy & histology
Chiroptera - physiology
Dynamically Changing Wingspan
Flapping Flight
Flight, Animal - physiology
Models, Biological
Unsteady Aerodynamics
Wings, Animal - anatomy & histology
Wings, Animal - physiology
dynamically changing wingspan
flapping flight
unsteady aerodynamics
bat flight
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Abstract This paper elucidates the aerodynamic role of the dynamically changing wingspan in bat flight. Based on direct numerical simulations of the flow over a slow-flying bat, it is found that the dynamically changing wingspan can significantly enhance the lift. Further, an analysis of flow structures and lift decomposition reveal that the elevated vortex lift associated with the leading-edge vortices intensified by the dynamically changing wingspan considerably contributed to enhancement of the time-averaged lift. The nonlinear interaction between the dynamically changing wing and the vortical structures plays an important role in the lift enhancement of a flying bat in addition to the geometrical effect of changing the lifting-surface area in a flapping cycle. In addition, the dynamically changing wingspan leads to the higher efficiency in terms of generating lift for a given amount of the mechanical energy consumed in flight.
AbstractList This paper elucidates the aerodynamic role of the dynamically changing wingspan in bat flight. Based on direct numerical simulations of the flow over a slow-flying bat, it is found that the dynamically changing wingspan can significantly enhance the lift. Further, an analysis of flow structures and lift decomposition reveal that the elevated vortex lift associated with the leading-edge vortices intensified by the dynamically changing wingspan considerably contributed to enhancement of the time-averaged lift. The nonlinear interaction between the dynamically changing wing and the vortical structures plays an important role in the lift enhancement of a flying bat in addition to the geometrical effect of changing the lifting-surface area in a flapping cycle. In addition, the dynamically changing wingspan leads to the higher efficiency in terms of generating lift for a given amount of the mechanical energy consumed in flight.
Author He, Guowei
Liu, Tianshu
Zhang, Xing
Wang, Shizhao
AuthorAffiliation 2 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Western Michigan University , Kalamazoo, MI 49008 , USA
1 The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China
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Issue 113
Keywords dynamically changing wingspan
flapping flight
unsteady aerodynamics
bat flight
Language English
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Snippet This paper elucidates the aerodynamic role of the dynamically changing wingspan in bat flight. Based on direct numerical simulations of the flow over a...
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SubjectTerms Animals
Bat Flight
Chiroptera - anatomy & histology
Chiroptera - physiology
Dynamically Changing Wingspan
Flapping Flight
Flight, Animal - physiology
Models, Biological
Unsteady Aerodynamics
Wings, Animal - anatomy & histology
Wings, Animal - physiology
Title Lift enhancement by bats' dynamically changing wingspan
URI https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsif.2015.0821
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26701882
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1752351690
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4707854
Volume 12
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