Influence of body temperature on the development of fatigue during prolonged exercise in the heat
Human Physiology Department, August Krogh Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark We investigated whether fatigue during prolonged exercise in uncompensable hot environments occurred at the same critical level of hyperthermia when the initial value and the rate of increase i...
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| Published in | Journal of applied physiology (1985) Vol. 86; no. 3; pp. 1032 - 1039 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Bethesda, MD
Am Physiological Soc
01.03.1999
American Physiological Society |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 8750-7587 1522-1601 |
| DOI | 10.1152/jappl.1999.86.3.1032 |
Cover
| Abstract | Human Physiology Department, August Krogh Institute, University
of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
We
investigated whether fatigue during prolonged exercise in uncompensable
hot environments occurred at the same critical level of hyperthermia
when the initial value and the rate of increase in body temperature are
altered. To examine the effect of initial body temperature
[esophageal temperature
(T es ) = 35.9 ± 0.2, 37.4 ± 0.1, or 38.2 ± 0.1 (SE) °C induced by 30 min of water
immersion], seven cyclists (maximal
O 2 uptake = 5.1 ± 0.1 l/min) performed three randomly assigned bouts of cycle ergometer
exercise (60% maximal O 2 uptake)
in the heat (40°C) until volitional exhaustion. To determine the
influence of rate of heat storage (0.10 vs. 0.05°C/min induced by a
water-perfused jacket), four cyclists performed two additional exercise
bouts, starting with T es of
37.0°C. Despite different initial temperatures, all subjects
fatigued at an identical level of hyperthermia
(T es = 40.1-40.2°C,
muscle temperature = 40.7-40.9°C, skin temperature = 37.0-37.2°C) and cardiovascular strain (heart rate = 196-198 beats/min, cardiac output = 19.9-20.8 l/min).
Time to exhaustion was inversely related to the initial body
temperature: 63 ± 3, 46 ± 3, and 28 ± 2 min with initial T es of ~36, 37, and 38°C,
respectively (all P < 0.05).
Similarly, with different rates of heat storage, all subjects reached
exhaustion at similar T es and
muscle temperature (40.1-40.3 and 40.7-40.9°C, respectively), but with significantly different skin temperature (38.4 ± 0.4 vs. 35.6 ± 0.2°C during high vs. low rate of heat storage, respectively, P < 0.05). Time to exhaustion was significantly shorter at the high than at
the lower rate of heat storage (31 ± 4 vs. 56 ± 11 min,
respectively, P < 0.05). Increases
in heart rate and reductions in stroke volume paralleled the rise in
core temperature (36-40°C), with skin blood flow plateauing at
T es of ~38°C. These results
demonstrate that high internal body temperature per se causes fatigue
in trained subjects during prolonged exercise in uncompensable hot
environments. Furthermore, time to exhaustion in hot environments is
inversely related to the initial temperature and directly related to
the rate of heat storage.
hyperthermia; skin blood flow; heart rate; stroke
volume |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | We investigated whether fatigue during prolonged exercise in uncompensable hot environments occurred at the same critical level of hyperthermia when the initial value and the rate of increase in body temperature are altered. To examine the effect of initial body temperature [esophageal temperature (Tes) = 35.9 +/- 0.2, 37.4 +/- 0. 1, or 38.2 +/- 0.1 (SE) degrees C induced by 30 min of water immersion], seven cyclists (maximal O2 uptake = 5.1 +/- 0.1 l/min) performed three randomly assigned bouts of cycle ergometer exercise (60% maximal O2 uptake) in the heat (40 degrees C) until volitional exhaustion. To determine the influence of rate of heat storage (0.10 vs. 0.05 degrees C/min induced by a water-perfused jacket), four cyclists performed two additional exercise bouts, starting with Tes of 37.0 degrees C. Despite different initial temperatures, all subjects fatigued at an identical level of hyperthermia (Tes = 40. 1-40.2 degrees C, muscle temperature = 40.7-40.9 degrees C, skin temperature = 37.0-37.2 degrees C) and cardiovascular strain (heart rate = 196-198 beats/min, cardiac output = 19.9-20.8 l/min). Time to exhaustion was inversely related to the initial body temperature: 63 +/- 3, 46 +/- 3, and 28 +/- 2 min with initial Tes of approximately 36, 37, and 38 degrees C, respectively (all P < 0.05). Similarly, with different rates of heat storage, all subjects reached exhaustion at similar Tes and muscle temperature (40.1-40.3 and 40. 7-40.9 degrees C, respectively), but with significantly different skin temperature (38.4 +/- 0.4 vs. 35.6 +/- 0.2 degrees C during high vs. low rate of heat storage, respectively, P < 0.05). Time to exhaustion was significantly shorter at the high than at the lower rate of heat storage (31 +/- 4 vs. 56 +/- 11 min, respectively, P < 0.05). Increases in heart rate and reductions in stroke volume paralleled the rise in core temperature (36-40 degrees C), with skin blood flow plateauing at Tes of approximately 38 degrees C. These results demonstrate that high internal body temperature per se causes fatigue in trained subjects during prolonged exercise in uncompensable hot environments. Furthermore, time to exhaustion in hot environments is inversely related to the initial temperature and directly related to the rate of heat storage. We investigated whether fatigue during prolonged exercise in uncompensable hot environments occurred at the same critical level of hyperthermia when the initial value and the rate of increase in body temperature are altered. To examine the effect of initial body temperature [esophageal temperature (T sub(es)) = 35.9 plus or minus 0.2, 37.4 plus or minus 0.1, or 38.2 plus or minus 0.1 (SE) degree C induced by 30 min of water immersion], seven cyclists (maximal O sub(2) uptake = 5.1 plus or minus 0.1 l/min) performed three randomly assigned bouts of cycle ergometer exercise (60% maximal O sub(2) uptake) in the heat (40 degree C) until volitional exhaustion. To determine the influence of rate of heat storage (0.10 vs. 0.05 degree C/min induced by a water-perfused jacket), four cyclists performed two additional exercise bouts, starting with T sub(es) of 37.0 degree C. Despite different initial temperatures, all subjects fatigued at an identical level of hyperthermia (T sub(es) = 40.1-40.2 degree C, muscle temperature = 40.7-40.9 degree C, skin temperature = 37.0-37.2 degree C) and cardiovascular strain (heart rate = 196-198 beats/min, cardiac output = 19.9-20.8 l/min). Time to exhaustion was inversely related to the initial body temperature: 63 plus or minus 3, 46 plus or minus 3, and 28 plus or minus 2 min with initial T sub(es) of similar to 36, 37, and 38 degree C, respectively (all P < 0.05). Similarly, with different rates of heat storage, all subjects reached exhaustion at similar T sub(es) and muscle temperature (40.1-40.3 and 40.7-40.9 degree C, respectively), but with significantly different skin temperature (38.4 plus or minus 0.4 vs. 35.6 plus or minus 0.2 degree C during high vs. low rate of heat storage, respectively, P < 0.05). Time to exhaustion was significantly shorter at the high than at the lower rate of heat storage (31 plus or minus 4 vs. 56 plus or minus 11 min, respectively, P < 0.05). Increases in heart rate and reductions in stroke volume paralleled the rise in core temperature (36-40 degree C), with skin blood flow plateauing at T sub(es) of similar to 38 degree C. These results demonstrate that high internal body temperature per se causes fatigue in trained subjects during prolonged exercise in uncompensable hot environments. Furthermore, time to exhaustion in hot environments is inversely related to the initial temperature and directly related to the rate of heat storage. We investigated whether fatigue during prolonged exercise in uncompensable hot environments occurred at the same critical level of hyperthermia when the initial value and the rate of increase in body temperature are altered. To examine the effect of initial body temperature, seven cyclists performed three randomly assigned bouts of cycle ergometer exercise in the heat (40 C) until volitional exhaustion. To determine the influence of rate of heat storage, four cyclists performed two additional exercise bouts, starting with an esophageal temperature (Tes) of 37 C. Despite different initial temperatures, all subjects fatigued at an identical level of hyperthermia and cardiovascular strain. Time to exhaustion was inversely related to the initial body temperature. Similarly, with different rates of heat storage, all subjects reached exhaustion at similar Tes and muscle temperature, but with significantly different skin temperature. Time to exhaustion was significantly shorter at the high than at the lower rate of heat storage. Increases in heart rate and reductions in stroke volume paralleled the rise in core temperature (36-40 C), with skin blood flow plateauing at Tes of about 38 C. These results demonstrate that high internal body temperature per se causes fatigue in trained subjects during prolonged exercise in uncompensable hot environments. Furthermore, time to exhaustion in hot environments is inversely related to the initial temperature and directly related to the rate of heat storage. (Author) We investigated whether fatigue during prolonged exercise in uncompensable hot environments occurred at the same critical level of hyperthermia when the initial value and the rate of increase in body temperature are altered. To examine the effect of initial body temperature [esophageal temperature (Tes) = 35.9 +/- 0.2, 37.4 +/- 0. 1, or 38.2 +/- 0.1 (SE) degrees C induced by 30 min of water immersion], seven cyclists (maximal O2 uptake = 5.1 +/- 0.1 l/min) performed three randomly assigned bouts of cycle ergometer exercise (60% maximal O2 uptake) in the heat (40 degrees C) until volitional exhaustion. To determine the influence of rate of heat storage (0.10 vs. 0.05 degrees C/min induced by a water-perfused jacket), four cyclists performed two additional exercise bouts, starting with Tes of 37.0 degrees C. Despite different initial temperatures, all subjects fatigued at an identical level of hyperthermia (Tes = 40. 1-40.2 degrees C, muscle temperature = 40.7-40.9 degrees C, skin temperature = 37.0-37.2 degrees C) and cardiovascular strain (heart rate = 196-198 beats/min, cardiac output = 19.9-20.8 l/min). Time to exhaustion was inversely related to the initial body temperature: 63 +/- 3, 46 +/- 3, and 28 +/- 2 min with initial Tes of approximately 36, 37, and 38 degrees C, respectively (all P < 0.05). Similarly, with different rates of heat storage, all subjects reached exhaustion at similar Tes and muscle temperature (40.1-40.3 and 40. 7-40.9 degrees C, respectively), but with significantly different skin temperature (38.4 +/- 0.4 vs. 35.6 +/- 0.2 degrees C during high vs. low rate of heat storage, respectively, P < 0.05). Time to exhaustion was significantly shorter at the high than at the lower rate of heat storage (31 +/- 4 vs. 56 +/- 11 min, respectively, P < 0.05). Increases in heart rate and reductions in stroke volume paralleled the rise in core temperature (36-40 degrees C), with skin blood flow plateauing at Tes of approximately 38 degrees C. These results demonstrate that high internal body temperature per se causes fatigue in trained subjects during prolonged exercise in uncompensable hot environments. Furthermore, time to exhaustion in hot environments is inversely related to the initial temperature and directly related to the rate of heat storage.We investigated whether fatigue during prolonged exercise in uncompensable hot environments occurred at the same critical level of hyperthermia when the initial value and the rate of increase in body temperature are altered. To examine the effect of initial body temperature [esophageal temperature (Tes) = 35.9 +/- 0.2, 37.4 +/- 0. 1, or 38.2 +/- 0.1 (SE) degrees C induced by 30 min of water immersion], seven cyclists (maximal O2 uptake = 5.1 +/- 0.1 l/min) performed three randomly assigned bouts of cycle ergometer exercise (60% maximal O2 uptake) in the heat (40 degrees C) until volitional exhaustion. To determine the influence of rate of heat storage (0.10 vs. 0.05 degrees C/min induced by a water-perfused jacket), four cyclists performed two additional exercise bouts, starting with Tes of 37.0 degrees C. Despite different initial temperatures, all subjects fatigued at an identical level of hyperthermia (Tes = 40. 1-40.2 degrees C, muscle temperature = 40.7-40.9 degrees C, skin temperature = 37.0-37.2 degrees C) and cardiovascular strain (heart rate = 196-198 beats/min, cardiac output = 19.9-20.8 l/min). Time to exhaustion was inversely related to the initial body temperature: 63 +/- 3, 46 +/- 3, and 28 +/- 2 min with initial Tes of approximately 36, 37, and 38 degrees C, respectively (all P < 0.05). Similarly, with different rates of heat storage, all subjects reached exhaustion at similar Tes and muscle temperature (40.1-40.3 and 40. 7-40.9 degrees C, respectively), but with significantly different skin temperature (38.4 +/- 0.4 vs. 35.6 +/- 0.2 degrees C during high vs. low rate of heat storage, respectively, P < 0.05). Time to exhaustion was significantly shorter at the high than at the lower rate of heat storage (31 +/- 4 vs. 56 +/- 11 min, respectively, P < 0.05). Increases in heart rate and reductions in stroke volume paralleled the rise in core temperature (36-40 degrees C), with skin blood flow plateauing at Tes of approximately 38 degrees C. These results demonstrate that high internal body temperature per se causes fatigue in trained subjects during prolonged exercise in uncompensable hot environments. Furthermore, time to exhaustion in hot environments is inversely related to the initial temperature and directly related to the rate of heat storage. We investigated whether fatigue during prolonged exercise in uncompensable hot environments occurred at the same critical level of hyperthermia when the initial value and the rate of increase in body temperature are altered. To examine the effect of initial body temperature [esophageal temperature (T es ) = 35.9 ± 0.2, 37.4 ± 0.1, or 38.2 ± 0.1 (SE) °C induced by 30 min of water immersion], seven cyclists (maximal O 2 uptake = 5.1 ± 0.1 l/min) performed three randomly assigned bouts of cycle ergometer exercise (60% maximal O 2 uptake) in the heat (40°C) until volitional exhaustion. To determine the influence of rate of heat storage (0.10 vs. 0.05°C/min induced by a water-perfused jacket), four cyclists performed two additional exercise bouts, starting with T es of 37.0°C. Despite different initial temperatures, all subjects fatigued at an identical level of hyperthermia (T es = 40.1–40.2°C, muscle temperature = 40.7–40.9°C, skin temperature = 37.0–37.2°C) and cardiovascular strain (heart rate = 196–198 beats/min, cardiac output = 19.9–20.8 l/min). Time to exhaustion was inversely related to the initial body temperature: 63 ± 3, 46 ± 3, and 28 ± 2 min with initial T es of ∼36, 37, and 38°C, respectively (all P < 0.05). Similarly, with different rates of heat storage, all subjects reached exhaustion at similar T es and muscle temperature (40.1–40.3 and 40.7–40.9°C, respectively), but with significantly different skin temperature (38.4 ± 0.4 vs. 35.6 ± 0.2°C during high vs. low rate of heat storage, respectively, P < 0.05). Time to exhaustion was significantly shorter at the high than at the lower rate of heat storage (31 ± 4 vs. 56 ± 11 min, respectively, P < 0.05). Increases in heart rate and reductions in stroke volume paralleled the rise in core temperature (36–40°C), with skin blood flow plateauing at T es of ∼38°C. These results demonstrate that high internal body temperature per se causes fatigue in trained subjects during prolonged exercise in uncompensable hot environments. Furthermore, time to exhaustion in hot environments is inversely related to the initial temperature and directly related to the rate of heat storage. Gonzalez-Alonso et al investigated whether fatigue during prolonged exercise in uncompensable hot environments occurred at the same critical level of hyperthermia when the initial value and the rate of increase in body temperature are altered. Human Physiology Department, August Krogh Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark We investigated whether fatigue during prolonged exercise in uncompensable hot environments occurred at the same critical level of hyperthermia when the initial value and the rate of increase in body temperature are altered. To examine the effect of initial body temperature [esophageal temperature (T es ) = 35.9 ± 0.2, 37.4 ± 0.1, or 38.2 ± 0.1 (SE) °C induced by 30 min of water immersion], seven cyclists (maximal O 2 uptake = 5.1 ± 0.1 l/min) performed three randomly assigned bouts of cycle ergometer exercise (60% maximal O 2 uptake) in the heat (40°C) until volitional exhaustion. To determine the influence of rate of heat storage (0.10 vs. 0.05°C/min induced by a water-perfused jacket), four cyclists performed two additional exercise bouts, starting with T es of 37.0°C. Despite different initial temperatures, all subjects fatigued at an identical level of hyperthermia (T es = 40.1-40.2°C, muscle temperature = 40.7-40.9°C, skin temperature = 37.0-37.2°C) and cardiovascular strain (heart rate = 196-198 beats/min, cardiac output = 19.9-20.8 l/min). Time to exhaustion was inversely related to the initial body temperature: 63 ± 3, 46 ± 3, and 28 ± 2 min with initial T es of ~36, 37, and 38°C, respectively (all P < 0.05). Similarly, with different rates of heat storage, all subjects reached exhaustion at similar T es and muscle temperature (40.1-40.3 and 40.7-40.9°C, respectively), but with significantly different skin temperature (38.4 ± 0.4 vs. 35.6 ± 0.2°C during high vs. low rate of heat storage, respectively, P < 0.05). Time to exhaustion was significantly shorter at the high than at the lower rate of heat storage (31 ± 4 vs. 56 ± 11 min, respectively, P < 0.05). Increases in heart rate and reductions in stroke volume paralleled the rise in core temperature (36-40°C), with skin blood flow plateauing at T es of ~38°C. These results demonstrate that high internal body temperature per se causes fatigue in trained subjects during prolonged exercise in uncompensable hot environments. Furthermore, time to exhaustion in hot environments is inversely related to the initial temperature and directly related to the rate of heat storage. hyperthermia; skin blood flow; heart rate; stroke volume |
| Author | Gonzalez-Alonso, Jose Nielsen, Bodil Hyldig, Tino Teller, Christina Andersen, Signe L Jensen, Frank B |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Gonzalez-Alonso, Jose – sequence: 2 fullname: Teller, Christina – sequence: 3 fullname: Andersen, Signe L – sequence: 4 fullname: Jensen, Frank B – sequence: 5 fullname: Hyldig, Tino – sequence: 6 fullname: Nielsen, Bodil |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1730894$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10066720$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
We
investigated whether fatigue during prolonged... We investigated whether fatigue during prolonged exercise in uncompensable hot environments occurred at the same critical level of hyperthermia when the... Gonzalez-Alonso et al investigated whether fatigue during prolonged exercise in uncompensable hot environments occurred at the same critical level of... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Biological and medical sciences Body temperature Body Temperature - physiology Dehydration - physiopathology Exercise Exercise - physiology Exercise Test Fatigue Fever Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Heart Heat Hemodynamics - physiology Hot Temperature - adverse effects Humans Male Muscle Fatigue - physiology Muscle, Skeletal - physiology Oxygen Consumption - physiology Physical Endurance - physiology Physical Fitness - physiology Regional Blood Flow - physiology Skin - blood supply Temperature Thermoregulation. Hibernation. Estivation. Ecophysiology and environmental effects Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems |
| Title | Influence of body temperature on the development of fatigue during prolonged exercise in the heat |
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