Fast-conducting mechanoreceptors contribute to withdrawal behavior in normal and nerve injured rats

Fast-conducting peripheral high-threshold mechanoreceptors contribute to normal and nerve-injury-related withdrawal behavior. Fast-conducting myelinated high-threshold mechanoreceptors (AHTMR) are largely thought to transmit acute nociception from the periphery. However, their roles in normal withdr...

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Published inPain (Amsterdam) Vol. 155; no. 12; pp. 2646 - 2655
Main Authors Boada, M. Danilo, Martin, Thomas J., Peters, Christopher M., Hayashida, Kenichiro, Harris, Michael H., Houle, Timothy T., Boyden, Edward S., Eisenach, James C., Ririe, Douglas G.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Philadelphia, PA Elsevier B.V 01.12.2014
International Association for the Study of Pain
Elsevier
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Abstract Fast-conducting peripheral high-threshold mechanoreceptors contribute to normal and nerve-injury-related withdrawal behavior. Fast-conducting myelinated high-threshold mechanoreceptors (AHTMR) are largely thought to transmit acute nociception from the periphery. However, their roles in normal withdrawal and in nerve injury–induced hyperalgesia are less well accepted. Modulation of this subpopulation of peripheral neurons would help define their roles in withdrawal behaviors. The optically active proton pump, ArchT, was placed in an adeno-associated virus-type 8 viral vector with the CAG promoter and was administered by intrathecal injection resulting in expression in myelinated neurons. Optical inhibition of peripheral neurons at the soma and transcutaneously was possible in the neurons expressing ArchT, but not in neurons from control animals. Receptive field characteristics and electrophysiology determined that inhibition was neuronal subtype–specific with only AHTMR neurons being inhibited. One week after nerve injury the AHTMR are hyperexcitable, but can still be inhibited at the soma and transcutaneously. Withdrawal thresholds to mechanical stimuli in normal and in hyperalgesic nerve-injured animals also were increased by transcutaneous light to the affected hindpaw. This suggests that AHTMR neurons play a role not only in threshold-related withdrawal behavior in the normal animal, but also in sensitized states after nerve injury. This is the first time this subpopulation of neurons has been reversibly modulated to test their contribution to withdrawal-related behaviors before and after nerve injury. This technique may prove useful to define the role of selective neuronal populations in different pain states.
AbstractList Fast-conducting peripheral high-threshold mechanoreceptors contribute to normal and nerve-injury-related withdrawal behavior. Fast-conducting myelinated high-threshold mechanoreceptors (AHTMR) are largely thought to transmit acute nociception from the periphery. However, their roles in normal withdrawal and in nerve injury–induced hyperalgesia are less well accepted. Modulation of this subpopulation of peripheral neurons would help define their roles in withdrawal behaviors. The optically active proton pump, ArchT, was placed in an adeno-associated virus-type 8 viral vector with the CAG promoter and was administered by intrathecal injection resulting in expression in myelinated neurons. Optical inhibition of peripheral neurons at the soma and transcutaneously was possible in the neurons expressing ArchT, but not in neurons from control animals. Receptive field characteristics and electrophysiology determined that inhibition was neuronal subtype–specific with only AHTMR neurons being inhibited. One week after nerve injury the AHTMR are hyperexcitable, but can still be inhibited at the soma and transcutaneously. Withdrawal thresholds to mechanical stimuli in normal and in hyperalgesic nerve-injured animals also were increased by transcutaneous light to the affected hindpaw. This suggests that AHTMR neurons play a role not only in threshold-related withdrawal behavior in the normal animal, but also in sensitized states after nerve injury. This is the first time this subpopulation of neurons has been reversibly modulated to test their contribution to withdrawal-related behaviors before and after nerve injury. This technique may prove useful to define the role of selective neuronal populations in different pain states.
Fast-conducting myelinated high-threshold mechanoreceptors (AHTMR) are largely thought to transmit acute nociception from the periphery. However, their roles in normal withdrawal and in nerve injury-induced hyperalgesia are less well accepted. Modulation of this subpopulation of peripheral neurons would help define their roles in withdrawal behaviors. The optically active proton pump, ArchT, was placed in an adeno-associated virus-type 8 viral vector with the CAG promoter and was administered by intrathecal injection resulting in expression in myelinated neurons. Optical inhibition of peripheral neurons at the soma and transcutaneously was possible in the neurons expressing ArchT, but not in neurons from control animals. Receptive field characteristics and electrophysiology determined that inhibition was neuronal subtype-specific with only AHTMR neurons being inhibited. One week after nerve injury the AHTMR are hyperexcitable, but can still be inhibited at the soma and transcutaneously. Withdrawal thresholds to mechanical stimuli in normal and in hyperalgesic nerve-injured animals also were increased by transcutaneous light to the affected hindpaw. This suggests that AHTMR neurons play a role not only in threshold-related withdrawal behavior in the normal animal, but also in sensitized states after nerve injury. This is the first time this subpopulation of neurons has been reversibly modulated to test their contribution to withdrawal-related behaviors before and after nerve injury. This technique may prove useful to define the role of selective neuronal populations in different pain states.Fast-conducting myelinated high-threshold mechanoreceptors (AHTMR) are largely thought to transmit acute nociception from the periphery. However, their roles in normal withdrawal and in nerve injury-induced hyperalgesia are less well accepted. Modulation of this subpopulation of peripheral neurons would help define their roles in withdrawal behaviors. The optically active proton pump, ArchT, was placed in an adeno-associated virus-type 8 viral vector with the CAG promoter and was administered by intrathecal injection resulting in expression in myelinated neurons. Optical inhibition of peripheral neurons at the soma and transcutaneously was possible in the neurons expressing ArchT, but not in neurons from control animals. Receptive field characteristics and electrophysiology determined that inhibition was neuronal subtype-specific with only AHTMR neurons being inhibited. One week after nerve injury the AHTMR are hyperexcitable, but can still be inhibited at the soma and transcutaneously. Withdrawal thresholds to mechanical stimuli in normal and in hyperalgesic nerve-injured animals also were increased by transcutaneous light to the affected hindpaw. This suggests that AHTMR neurons play a role not only in threshold-related withdrawal behavior in the normal animal, but also in sensitized states after nerve injury. This is the first time this subpopulation of neurons has been reversibly modulated to test their contribution to withdrawal-related behaviors before and after nerve injury. This technique may prove useful to define the role of selective neuronal populations in different pain states.
Fast conducting myelinated high threshold mechanoreceptors (AHTMR) are largely thought to transmit acute nociception from the periphery. However, their roles in normal withdrawal and in nerve injury induced hyperalgesia are less well accepted. Modulation of this subpopulation of peripheral neurons would help define their roles in withdrawal behaviors. The optically active proton pump, ArchT, was placed in an AAV8 viral vector with the CAG promoter and was administered by intrathecal injection resulting in expression in myelinated neurons. Optical inhibition of peripheral neurons at the soma and transcutaneously was possible in the neurons expressing ArchT, but not in neurons from control animals. Receptive field characteristics and electrophysiology determined that inhibition was neuronal subtype specific with only AHTMR neurons being inhibited. One week following nerve injury the AHTMR are hyperexcitable, but can still be inhibited at the soma and transcutaneously. Withdrawal thresholds to mechanical stimuli in normal and in hyperalgesic nerve injured animals were also increased by transcutaneous light to the affected hindpaw. This suggests that AHTMR neurons play a role not only in threshold related withdrawal behavior in the normal animal, but also in sensitized states after nerve injury. This is the first time this subpopulation of neurons has been reversibly modulated to test their contribution to withdrawal related behaviors before and after nerve injury. This technique may prove useful to define the role of selective neuronal populations in different pain states.
Fast-conducting peripheral high-threshold mechanoreceptors contribute to normal and nerve-injury-related withdrawal behavior. Fast-conducting myelinated high-threshold mechanoreceptors (AHTMR) are largely thought to transmit acute nociception from the periphery. However, their roles in normal withdrawal and in nerve injury–induced hyperalgesia are less well accepted. Modulation of this subpopulation of peripheral neurons would help define their roles in withdrawal behaviors. The optically active proton pump, ArchT, was placed in an adeno-associated virus-type 8 viral vector with the CAG promoter and was administered by intrathecal injection resulting in expression in myelinated neurons. Optical inhibition of peripheral neurons at the soma and transcutaneously was possible in the neurons expressing ArchT, but not in neurons from control animals. Receptive field characteristics and electrophysiology determined that inhibition was neuronal subtype–specific with only AHTMR neurons being inhibited. One week after nerve injury the AHTMR are hyperexcitable, but can still be inhibited at the soma and transcutaneously. Withdrawal thresholds to mechanical stimuli in normal and in hyperalgesic nerve-injured animals also were increased by transcutaneous light to the affected hindpaw. This suggests that AHTMR neurons play a role not only in threshold-related withdrawal behavior in the normal animal, but also in sensitized states after nerve injury. This is the first time this subpopulation of neurons has been reversibly modulated to test their contribution to withdrawal-related behaviors before and after nerve injury. This technique may prove useful to define the role of selective neuronal populations in different pain states.
Fast-conducting myelinated high-threshold mechanoreceptors (AHTMR) are largely thought to transmit acute nociception from the periphery. However, their roles in normal withdrawal and in nerve injury-induced hyperalgesia are less well accepted. Modulation of this subpopulation of peripheral neurons would help define their roles in withdrawal behaviors. The optically active proton pump, ArchT, was placed in an adeno-associated virus-type 8 viral vector with the CAG promoter and was administered by intrathecal injection resulting in expression in myelinated neurons. Optical inhibition of peripheral neurons at the soma and transcutaneously was possible in the neurons expressing ArchT, but not in neurons from control animals. Receptive field characteristics and electrophysiology determined that inhibition was neuronal subtype-specific with only AHTMR neurons being inhibited. One week after nerve injury the AHTMR are hyperexcitable, but can still be inhibited at the soma and transcutaneously. Withdrawal thresholds to mechanical stimuli in normal and in hyperalgesic nerve-injured animals also were increased by transcutaneous light to the affected hindpaw. This suggests that AHTMR neurons play a role not only in threshold-related withdrawal behavior in the normal animal, but also in sensitized states after nerve injury. This is the first time this subpopulation of neurons has been reversibly modulated to test their contribution to withdrawal-related behaviors before and after nerve injury. This technique may prove useful to define the role of selective neuronal populations in different pain states.
Author Eisenach, James C.
Boyden, Edward S.
Houle, Timothy T.
Peters, Christopher M.
Hayashida, Kenichiro
Ririe, Douglas G.
Harris, Michael H.
Boada, M. Danilo
Martin, Thomas J.
AuthorAffiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA The Synthetic Neurobiology Group, Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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2014 Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for the Study of Pain. All rights reserved. 2014
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Issue 12
Keywords Nociceptor
A fiber
Pain
C fiber
Withdrawal
Electrophysiology
Nerve injury
Sensory neuron
Mechanotransduction
Optogenetics
Neuropathic
Hyperalgesia
Nervous system diseases
Rat
Mechanoreceptor
Rodentia
Vertebrata
Mammalia
Animal
Withdrawal behavior
Lesion
Language English
License CC BY 4.0
Copyright © 2014 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2014-12-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 12
  year: 2014
  text: 2014-December-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace Philadelphia, PA
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Philadelphia, PA
– name: United States
PublicationTitle Pain (Amsterdam)
PublicationTitleAlternate Pain
PublicationYear 2014
Publisher Elsevier B.V
International Association for the Study of Pain
Elsevier
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier B.V
– name: International Association for the Study of Pain
– name: Elsevier
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Snippet Fast-conducting peripheral high-threshold mechanoreceptors contribute to normal and nerve-injury-related withdrawal behavior. Fast-conducting myelinated...
Fast-conducting peripheral high-threshold mechanoreceptors contribute to normal and nerve-injury-related withdrawal behavior. Fast-conducting myelinated...
Fast-conducting myelinated high-threshold mechanoreceptors (AHTMR) are largely thought to transmit acute nociception from the periphery. However, their roles...
Fast conducting myelinated high threshold mechanoreceptors (AHTMR) are largely thought to transmit acute nociception from the periphery. However, their roles...
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pubmed
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SourceType Open Access Repository
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Index Database
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Publisher
StartPage 2646
SubjectTerms A fiber
Analysis of Variance
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
C fiber
Dependovirus - genetics
Disease Models, Animal
Electrophysiology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Ganglia, Spinal - cytology
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein - metabolism
Green Fluorescent Proteins - genetics
Green Fluorescent Proteins - metabolism
Hyperalgesia
Hyperalgesia - pathology
Hyperalgesia - physiopathology
Male
Mechanoreceptors - physiology
Mechanotransduction
Medical sciences
Membrane Potentials - physiology
Nerve Fibers, Myelinated - physiology
Nerve injury
Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)
Nervous system as a whole
Neural Conduction - physiology
Neurofilament Proteins - metabolism
Neurology
Neuropathic
Nociceptor
Optogenetics
Pain
Pain Measurement
Pain Threshold - physiology
Peripheral Nerve Injuries - pathology
Peripheral Nerve Injuries - physiopathology
Proton Pumps - genetics
Proton Pumps - metabolism
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Rats, Transgenic
Sensory neuron
Somesthesis and somesthetic pathways (proprioception, exteroception, nociception); interoception; electrolocation. Sensory receptors
Time Factors
Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs
Withdrawal
Title Fast-conducting mechanoreceptors contribute to withdrawal behavior in normal and nerve injured rats
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2014.09.030
https://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&NEWS=n&CSC=Y&PAGE=fulltext&D=ovft&AN=00006396-201412000-00028
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25267211
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1629587469
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4374598
Volume 155
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