The role of exosomes in tumor progression and metastasis (Review)

Tumor cells have developed various mechanisms in defense against applied treatment, which prevent their total elimination from an organism. One of the underestimated mechanisms of defense is secretion of highly specialized double-membrane structures called exosomes. They play a crucial role in the c...

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Published inOncology reports Vol. 35; no. 3; pp. 1237 - 1244
Main Authors SUCHORSKA, WIKTORIA M, LACH, MICHAL S
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Greece D.A. Spandidos 01.03.2016
Spandidos Publications
Spandidos Publications UK Ltd
Subjects
Adenosine
Apoptosis
Cancer
Carcinogenesis
Cellular control mechanisms
Communication
epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition - genetics
Exosomes - genetics
extracellular vesicles
Extracellular Vesicles - genetics
Fluids
Genetic aspects
Health aspects
Humans
Hypoxia
immune escape
Medical prognosis
Membrane proteins
Metastasis
MicroRNAs - genetics
multidrug resistance
Multidrug resistant organisms
Neoplasms - genetics
Neoplasms - pathology
Physiology
Plasma
Prognosis
Proteins
Radiation therapy
radiation-induced bystander effect
radioresistance
Researchers
RNA, Messenger - genetics
Studies
Tumor Microenvironment - genetics
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Summary:Tumor cells have developed various mechanisms in defense against applied treatment, which prevent their total elimination from an organism. One of the underestimated mechanisms of defense is secretion of highly specialized double-membrane structures called exosomes. They play a crucial role in the control of the local microenvironment and intracellular communication. It has been shown that the exosomes can be carriers of various proteins, lipids, miRNAs and mRNAs. There are extensive data concerning the influence and participation by exosomes in metastasis and cancer progression. It has been demonstrated that exosomes are involved in multidrug resistance mechanisms, radiation-induced bystander effect and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, exosomes are able to form a premetastatic niche and enable the escape of cancer cells from recognition by host immune cells. Moreover, exosomes are responsible for the formation of vessels. This indicates the significance of secreted extracellular vesicles in the development and prognosis of cancer. The aim of the present review is to briefly describe the role of exosomes in tumor biology.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-3
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ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:1021-335X
1791-2431
DOI:10.3892/or.2015.4507