Transmission of influenza A in human beings
Planning for the next influenza pandemic is occurring at many levels throughout the world, spurred on by the recent spread of H5N1 avian influenza in Asia, Europe, and Africa. Central to these planning efforts in the health-care sector are strategies to minimise the transmission of influenza to heal...
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| Published in | The Lancet infectious diseases Vol. 7; no. 4; pp. 257 - 265 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Elsevier Ltd
01.04.2007
Lancet Publishing Group Elsevier Limited |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1473-3099 1474-4457 |
| DOI | 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70029-4 |
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| Abstract | Planning for the next influenza pandemic is occurring at many levels throughout the world, spurred on by the recent spread of H5N1 avian influenza in Asia, Europe, and Africa. Central to these planning efforts in the health-care sector are strategies to minimise the transmission of influenza to health-care workers and patients. The infection control precautions necessary to prevent airborne, droplet, and contact transmission are quite different and will need to be decided on and planned before a pandemic occurs. Despite vast clinical experience in human beings, there continues to be much debate about how influenza is transmitted. We have done a systematic review of the English language experimental and epidemiological literature on this subject to better inform infection control planning efforts. We have found that the existing data are limited with respect to the identification of specific modes of transmission in the natural setting. However, we are able to conclude that transmission occurs at close range rather than over long distances, suggesting that airborne transmission, as traditionally defined, is unlikely to be of significance in most clinical settings. Further research is required to better define conditions under which the influenza virus may transmit via the airborne route. |
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| AbstractList | Planning for the next influenza pandemic is occurring at many levels throughout the world, spurred on by the recent spread of H5N1 avian influenza in Asia, Europe, and Africa. Central to these planning efforts in the health-care sector are strategies to minimise the transmission of influenza to health-care workers and patients. The infection control precautions necessary to prevent airborne, droplet, and contact transmission are quite different and will need to be decided on and planned before a pandemic occurs. Despite vast clinical experience in human beings, there continues to be much debate about how influenza is transmitted. We have done a systematic review of the English language experimental and epidemiological literature on this subject to better inform infection control planning efforts. We have found that the existing data are limited with respect to the identification of specific modes of transmission in the natural setting. However, we are able to conclude that transmission occurs at close range rather than over long distances, suggesting that airborne transmission, as traditionally defined, is unlikely to be of significance in most clinical settings. Further research is required to better define conditions under which the influenza virus may transmit via the airborne route.Planning for the next influenza pandemic is occurring at many levels throughout the world, spurred on by the recent spread of H5N1 avian influenza in Asia, Europe, and Africa. Central to these planning efforts in the health-care sector are strategies to minimise the transmission of influenza to health-care workers and patients. The infection control precautions necessary to prevent airborne, droplet, and contact transmission are quite different and will need to be decided on and planned before a pandemic occurs. Despite vast clinical experience in human beings, there continues to be much debate about how influenza is transmitted. We have done a systematic review of the English language experimental and epidemiological literature on this subject to better inform infection control planning efforts. We have found that the existing data are limited with respect to the identification of specific modes of transmission in the natural setting. However, we are able to conclude that transmission occurs at close range rather than over long distances, suggesting that airborne transmission, as traditionally defined, is unlikely to be of significance in most clinical settings. Further research is required to better define conditions under which the influenza virus may transmit via the airborne route. Summary Planning for the next influenza pandemic is occurring at many levels throughout the world, spurred on by the recent spread of H5N1 avian influenza in Asia, Europe, and Africa. Central to these planning efforts in the health-care sector are strategies to minimise the transmission of influenza to health-care workers and patients. The infection control precautions necessary to prevent airborne, droplet, and contact transmission are quite different and will need to be decided on and planned before a pandemic occurs. Despite vast clinical experience in human beings, there continues to be much debate about how influenza is transmitted. We have done a systematic review of the English language experimental and epidemiological literature on this subject to better inform infection control planning efforts. We have found that the existing data are limited with respect to the identification of specific modes of transmission in the natural setting. However, we are able to conclude that transmission occurs at close range rather than over long distances, suggesting that airborne transmission, as traditionally defined, is unlikely to be of significance in most clinical settings. Further research is required to better define conditions under which the influenza virus may transmit via the airborne route. Planning for the next influenza pandemic is occurring at many levels throughout the world, spurred on by the recent spread of H5N1 avian influenza in Asia, Europe, and Africa. Central to these planning efforts in the health-care sector are strategies to minimise the transmission of influenza to health-care workers and patients. The infection control precautions necessary to prevent airborne, droplet, and contact transmission are quite different and will need to be decided on and planned before a pandemic occurs. Despite vast clinical experience in human beings, there continues to be much debate about how influenza is transmitted. We have done a systematic review of the English language experimental and epidemiological literature on this subject to better inform infection control planning efforts. We have found that the existing data are limited with respect to the identification of specific modes of transmission in the natural setting. However, we are able to conclude that transmission occurs at close range rather than over long distances, suggesting that airborne transmission, as traditionally defined, is unlikely to be of significance in most clinical settings. Further research is required to better define conditions under which the influenza virus may transmit via the airborne route. |
| Author | Brankston, Gabrielle Lemieux, Camille Gitterman, Leah Gardam, Michael Hirji, Zahir |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Gabrielle surname: Brankston fullname: Brankston, Gabrielle organization: Infection Prevention and Control Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada – sequence: 2 givenname: Leah surname: Gitterman fullname: Gitterman, Leah organization: Infection Prevention and Control Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada – sequence: 3 givenname: Zahir surname: Hirji fullname: Hirji, Zahir organization: Infection Prevention and Control Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada – sequence: 4 givenname: Camille surname: Lemieux fullname: Lemieux, Camille organization: Infection Prevention and Control Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada – sequence: 5 givenname: Michael surname: Gardam fullname: Gardam, Michael email: michael.gardam@uhn.on.ca organization: Infection Prevention and Control Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18592372$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17376383$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CODEN | LANCAO |
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| Snippet | Planning for the next influenza pandemic is occurring at many levels throughout the world, spurred on by the recent spread of H5N1 avian influenza in Asia,... Summary Planning for the next influenza pandemic is occurring at many levels throughout the world, spurred on by the recent spread of H5N1 avian influenza in... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals Biological and medical sciences Cross Infection - prevention & control Disease Models, Animal Disease Outbreaks - prevention & control Disease Transmission, Infectious Fomites - microbiology Health care Human viral diseases Humans Infectious Disease Infectious diseases Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype Influenza, Human - prevention & control Influenza, Human - transmission Medical sciences Pandemics Respiratory Protective Devices Viral diseases Viral diseases of the respiratory system and ent viral diseases |
| Title | Transmission of influenza A in human beings |
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