Facilitating entry into drug treatment among injection drug users referred from a needle exchange program: Results from a community-based behavioral intervention trial

We evaluated a case management intervention to increase treatment entry among injecting drug users referred from a needle exchange program (NEP). A randomized trial of a strengths based case management (intervention) versus passive referral (control) was conducted among NEP attenders requesting and...

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Published inDrug and alcohol dependence Vol. 83; no. 3; pp. 225 - 232
Main Authors Strathdee, Steffanie A., Ricketts, Erin P., Huettner, Steven, Cornelius, Lee, Bishai, David, Havens, Jennifer R., Beilenson, Peter, Rapp, Charles, Lloyd, Jacqueline J., Latkin, Carl A.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Shannon Elsevier Ireland Ltd 27.07.2006
Elsevier Science
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Abstract We evaluated a case management intervention to increase treatment entry among injecting drug users referred from a needle exchange program (NEP). A randomized trial of a strengths based case management (intervention) versus passive referral (control) was conducted among NEP attenders requesting and receiving referrals to subsidized, publicly funded opiate agonist treatment programs in Baltimore, MD. Logistic regression identified predictors of treatment entry within 7 days, confirmed through treatment program records. Of 247 potential subjects, 245 (99%) participated. HIV prevalence was 19%. Overall, 34% entered treatment within 7 days (intervention: 40% versus control: 26%, p = 0.03). In a multivariate “intention to treat’ model (i.e., ignoring the amount of case management actually received), those randomized to case management were more likely to enter treatment within 7 days. Additional ‘as treated’ analyses revealed that participants who received 30 min or more of case management within 7 days were 33% more likely to enter treatment and the active ingredient of case management activities was provision of transportation. These findings demonstrate the combined value of offering dedicated treatment referrals from NEP, case management and transportation in facilitating entry into drug abuse treatment. Such initiatives could be implemented at more than 140 needle exchange programs currently operating in the United States. These data also support the need for more accessible programs such as mobile or office-based drug abuse treatment.
AbstractList We evaluated a case management intervention to increase treatment entry among injecting drug users referred from a needle exchange program (NEP). A randomized trial of a strengths based case management (intervention) versus passive referral (control) was conducted among NEP attenders requesting and receiving referrals to subsidized, publicly funded opiate agonist treatment programs in Baltimore, MD. Logistic regression identified predictors of treatment entry within 7 days, confirmed through treatment program records. Of 247 potential subjects, 245 (99%) participated. HIV prevalence was 19%. Overall, 34% entered treatment within 7 days (intervention: 40% versus control: 26%, p=0.03). In a multivariate "intention to treat" model (i.e., ignoring the amount of case management actually received), those randomized to case management were more likely to enter treatment within 7 days. Additional "as treated" analyses revealed that participants who received 30 min or more of case management within 7 days were 33% more likely to enter treatment and the active ingredient of case management activities was provision of transportation. These findings demonstrate the combined value of offering dedicated treatment referrals from NEP, case management and transportation in facilitating entry into drug abuse treatment. Such initiatives could be implemented at more than 140 needle exchange programs currently operating in the United States. These data also support the need for more accessible programs such as mobile or office-based drug abuse treatment.
We evaluated a case management intervention to increase treatment entry among injecting drug users referred from a needle exchange program (NEP). A randomized trial of a strengths based case management (intervention) versus passive referral (control) was conducted among NEP attenders requesting and receiving referrals to subsidized, publicly funded opiate agonist treatment programs in Baltimore, MD. Logistic regression identified predictors of treatment entry within 7 days, confirmed through treatment program records. Of 247 potential subjects, 245 (99%) participated. HIV prevalence was 19%. Overall, 34% entered treatment within 7 days (intervention: 40% versus control: 26%, p=0.03). In a multivariate "intention to treat" model (i.e., ignoring the amount of case management actually received), those randomized to case management were more likely to enter treatment within 7 days. Additional "as treated" analyses revealed that participants who received 30 min or more of case management within 7 days were 33% more likely to enter treatment and the active ingredient of case management activities was provision of transportation. These findings demonstrate the combined value of offering dedicated treatment referrals from NEP, case management and transportation in facilitating entry into drug abuse treatment. Such initiatives could be implemented at more than 140 needle exchange programs currently operating in the United States. These data also support the need for more accessible programs such as mobile or office-based drug abuse treatment.We evaluated a case management intervention to increase treatment entry among injecting drug users referred from a needle exchange program (NEP). A randomized trial of a strengths based case management (intervention) versus passive referral (control) was conducted among NEP attenders requesting and receiving referrals to subsidized, publicly funded opiate agonist treatment programs in Baltimore, MD. Logistic regression identified predictors of treatment entry within 7 days, confirmed through treatment program records. Of 247 potential subjects, 245 (99%) participated. HIV prevalence was 19%. Overall, 34% entered treatment within 7 days (intervention: 40% versus control: 26%, p=0.03). In a multivariate "intention to treat" model (i.e., ignoring the amount of case management actually received), those randomized to case management were more likely to enter treatment within 7 days. Additional "as treated" analyses revealed that participants who received 30 min or more of case management within 7 days were 33% more likely to enter treatment and the active ingredient of case management activities was provision of transportation. These findings demonstrate the combined value of offering dedicated treatment referrals from NEP, case management and transportation in facilitating entry into drug abuse treatment. Such initiatives could be implemented at more than 140 needle exchange programs currently operating in the United States. These data also support the need for more accessible programs such as mobile or office-based drug abuse treatment.
We evaluated a case management intervention to increase treatment entry among injecting drug users referred from a needle exchange program (NEP). A randomized trial of a strengths based case management (intervention) versus passive referral (control) was conducted among NEP attenders requesting & receiving referrals to subsidized, publicly funded opiate agonist treatment programs in Baltimore, MD. Logistic regression identified predictors of treatment entry within 7 days, confirmed through treatment program records. Of 247 potential subjects, 245 (99%) participated. HIV prevalence was 19%. Overall, 34% entered treatment within 7 days (intervention: 40% versus control: 26%, p = 0.03). In a multivariate "intention to treat' model (i.e., ignoring the amount of case management actually received), those randomized to case management were more likely to enter treatment within 7 days. Additional 'as treated' analyses revealed that participants who received 30 min or more of case management within 7 days were 33% more likely to enter treatment & the active ingredient of case management activities was provision of transportation. These findings demonstrate the combined value of offering dedicated treatment referrals from NEP, case management & transportation in facilitating entry into drug abuse treatment. Such initiatives could be implemented at more than 140 needle exchange programs currently operating in the United States. These data also support the need for more accessible programs such as mobile or office-based drug abuse treatment. 3 Tables, 32 References. [Copyright 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.]
We evaluated a case management intervention to increase treatment entry among injecting drug users referred from a needle exchange program (NEP). A randomized trial of a strengths based case management (intervention) versus passive referral (control) was conducted among NEP attenders requesting and receiving referrals to subsidized, publicly funded opiate agonist treatment programs in Baltimore, MD. Logistic regression identified predictors of treatment entry within 7 days, confirmed through treatment program records. Of 247 potential subjects, 245 (99%) participated. HIV prevalence was 19%. Overall, 34% entered treatment within 7 days (intervention: 40% versus control: 26%, p = 0.03). In a multivariate “intention to treat’ model (i.e., ignoring the amount of case management actually received), those randomized to case management were more likely to enter treatment within 7 days. Additional ‘as treated’ analyses revealed that participants who received 30 min or more of case management within 7 days were 33% more likely to enter treatment and the active ingredient of case management activities was provision of transportation. These findings demonstrate the combined value of offering dedicated treatment referrals from NEP, case management and transportation in facilitating entry into drug abuse treatment. Such initiatives could be implemented at more than 140 needle exchange programs currently operating in the United States. These data also support the need for more accessible programs such as mobile or office-based drug abuse treatment.
We evaluated a case management intervention to increase treatment entry among injecting drug users referred from a needle exchange program (NEP). A randomized trial of a strengths based case management (intervention) versus passive referral (control) was conducted among NEP attenders requesting and receiving referrals to subsidized, publicly funded opiate agonist treatment programs in Baltimore, MD. Logistic regression identified predictors of treatment entry within 7 days, confirmed through treatment program records. Of 247 potential subjects, 245 (99%) participated. HIV prevalence was 19%. Overall, 34% entered treatment within 7 days (intervention: 40% versus control: 26%, p = 0.03). In a multivariate “intention to treat’ model (i.e., ignoring the amount of case management actually received), those randomized to case management were more likely to enter treatment within 7 days. Additional ‘as treated’ analyses revealed that participants who received 30 min or more of case management within 7 days were 33% more likely to enter treatment and the active ingredient of case management activities was provision of transportation. These findings demonstrate the combined value of offering dedicated treatment referrals from NEP, case management and transportation in facilitating entry into drug abuse treatment. Such initiatives could be implemented at more than 140 needle exchange programs currently operating in the United States. These data also support the need for more accessible programs such as mobile or office-based drug abuse treatment.
Author Beilenson, Peter
Latkin, Carl A.
Huettner, Steven
Cornelius, Lee
Rapp, Charles
Bishai, David
Strathdee, Steffanie A.
Ricketts, Erin P.
Lloyd, Jacqueline J.
Havens, Jennifer R.
AuthorAffiliation a Division of International Health and Cross-Cultural Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Ash Building, Room 118, Mailstop 0622, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
b Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
e Baltimore City Health Department, Baltimore, MD, USA
f University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Laurence, KS, USA
g Temple University, School of Social Administration, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
d University of Kentucky Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Lexington, KY, USA
c University of Maryland School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA
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– name: f University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Laurence, KS, USA
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– name: a Division of International Health and Cross-Cultural Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Ash Building, Room 118, Mailstop 0622, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
– name: c University of Maryland School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA
– name: d University of Kentucky Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Lexington, KY, USA
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  givenname: Steffanie A.
  surname: Strathdee
  fullname: Strathdee, Steffanie A.
  email: sstrathdee@ucsd.edu
  organization: Division of International Health and Cross-Cultural Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Ash Building, Room 118, Mailstop 0622, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Erin P.
  surname: Ricketts
  fullname: Ricketts, Erin P.
  organization: Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Steven
  surname: Huettner
  fullname: Huettner, Steven
  organization: Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Lee
  surname: Cornelius
  fullname: Cornelius, Lee
  organization: University of Maryland School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA
– sequence: 5
  givenname: David
  surname: Bishai
  fullname: Bishai, David
  organization: Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Jennifer R.
  surname: Havens
  fullname: Havens, Jennifer R.
  organization: University of Kentucky Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, Lexington, KY, USA
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Peter
  surname: Beilenson
  fullname: Beilenson, Peter
  organization: Baltimore City Health Department, Baltimore, MD, USA
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Charles
  surname: Rapp
  fullname: Rapp, Charles
  organization: University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, Laurence, KS, USA
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Jacqueline J.
  surname: Lloyd
  fullname: Lloyd, Jacqueline J.
  organization: Temple University, School of Social Administration, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Carl A.
  surname: Latkin
  fullname: Latkin, Carl A.
  organization: Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
BackLink http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17914670$$DView record in Pascal Francis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16364566$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Tue Aug 26 17:03:43 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess false
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Issue 3
Keywords HIV/AIDS
Injection drug use
Case management
Drug abuse treatment
Transportation
Needle exchange programs
Methadone maintenance
Replacement therapy
Intravenous administration
Managed care
Opiates
Methadone
Narcotic analgesic
Result
Maintenance treatment
Clinical trial
Community health
Behavior
Community action for health
Human
Immunopathology
Drug addiction
Program
Poison withdrawal
AIDS
Substance abuse
Immune deficiency
Infection
Exchange
Addiction
Viral disease
Needle
Syringe
Psychiatry
Language English
License https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0
CC BY 4.0
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PublicationTitle Drug and alcohol dependence
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Snippet We evaluated a case management intervention to increase treatment entry among injecting drug users referred from a needle exchange program (NEP). A randomized...
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proquest
pubmed
pascalfrancis
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elsevier
SourceType Open Access Repository
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StartPage 225
SubjectTerms Addictive behaviors
Adult
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Baltimore
Behavior Therapy
Biological and medical sciences
Case Management
Community based programmes
Community Mental Health Services
Drug abuse treatment
Drug addiction
Drug replacement therapy
Female
Health Services Accessibility
HIV Seroprevalence
HIV/AIDS
Human viral diseases
Humans
Infectious diseases
Injection drug use
Intravenous drug addicts
Male
Medical sciences
Methadone - therapeutic use
Methadone maintenance
Methadyl Acetate - therapeutic use
Middle Aged
Motivation
Narcotics - therapeutic use
Needle exchange programs
Needle exchange schemes
Opioid-Related Disorders - epidemiology
Opioid-Related Disorders - rehabilitation
Patient Acceptance of Health Care
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Referral and Consultation
Referrals
Substance Abuse, Intravenous - epidemiology
Substance Abuse, Intravenous - rehabilitation
Toxicology
Transportation
Urban Population
Viral diseases
Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids
Title Facilitating entry into drug treatment among injection drug users referred from a needle exchange program: Results from a community-based behavioral intervention trial
URI https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S0376871605003583
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.11.015
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16364566
https://www.proquest.com/docview/57038079
https://www.proquest.com/docview/68572959
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC2196224
Volume 83
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