Unmapped landmarks around branches of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve: An exploratory cadaveric study

الحفاظ على الفروع الخارجية والداخلية من العصب الحنجري العلوي أمر ضروري خلال عملية استئصال الغدة الدرقية. ومع ذلك، فإن المعالم التشريحية التي يتم استعمالها حاليا لتحديد هذه الأعصاب ليست خالية من العيوب، حيث من المرجح أن يتم تشويهها من قبل الدراقات كبيرة. وفي مثل هذه الحالات، يمكن أن توفر العلامات الع...

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Published inJournal of Taibah University Medical Sciences Vol. 16; no. 3; pp. 328 - 335
Main Authors Devaraja, K., Punja, Rohini, Kalthur, Sneha G., Pujary, Kailesh
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Saudi Arabia Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2021
Taibah University
Elsevier
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Abstract الحفاظ على الفروع الخارجية والداخلية من العصب الحنجري العلوي أمر ضروري خلال عملية استئصال الغدة الدرقية. ومع ذلك، فإن المعالم التشريحية التي يتم استعمالها حاليا لتحديد هذه الأعصاب ليست خالية من العيوب، حيث من المرجح أن يتم تشويهها من قبل الدراقات كبيرة. وفي مثل هذه الحالات، يمكن أن توفر العلامات العظمية نقاطا مرجعية مستقرة، ولكن لم يتم استكشاف الكثير في هذا الصدد. تقيس هذه الدراسة المسافات من النقاط الأكثر عرضة للإصابة للعصب الحنجري العلوي الخارجي والعصب الحنجري العلوي الداخلي إلى العلامات العظمية غير المستكشفة نسبيا مثل العظم اللامي والثلمة الدرقية، ومعالم الأنسجة الرخوة مثل أصل الشريان الدرقي العلوي والتشعب السباتي. أجريت دراسة استكشافية جُثيَّة في كلية الطب التابعة لمستشفى رعاية ثالثة. وقد تم تضمين ١٣ جانبا من ثمانية جثث للتحليل المفصل. متوسط المسافات من مواقع ثقب العصب الحنجري العلوي الخارجي إلى القرن الأعظم من العظم اللامي، وبروز الغدة الدرقية، وأصل الشريان الدرقي العلوي، والتشعب السباتي ٣٥.١(±٧.٢) مم، ٣٣.٣(±٣.٨) ملم، ٢٥.٧(±٦.٣) ملم، و٣١.٥(±٥.٠) ملم على التوالي. وبالمثل، بالنسبة لنقطة ثقب العصب الحنجري العلوي الداخلي، كانت هذه المسافات ١٥.٩(±٥.٩) مم، ٣٢.٩(±٤.٧) ملم، ١٦.٣(±٤.٢) ملم، و٢٠.٧(±٥.٩) مم. في معظم العينات، كان العصب الحنجري العلوي الخارجي القاصي من النوع ٢أ من العلاقة مع الشريان الدرقي العلوي. كما لاحظنا بعض الاختلافات في تفريع هذه الأعصاب فيما يتعلق بأصل الشريان الدرقي العلوي. تقدم هذه الدراسة معلومات قياسية (قياسات خطية) بين فروع العصب الحنجري العلوي وبعض المعالم الفريدة التي يمكن أن تساعد في تقليل الإصابة داخل العملية الجراحية لهذه الفروع. Preserving the External Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve (EBSLN) and Internal Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve (IBSLN) is essential during thyroidectomy. However, due to potential distortions caused by large goitres, the present anatomical landmarks used to identify these nerves are flawed. Although under such circumstances, bony landmarks may offer more stable reference points, not much has been explored in this regard. This study measures the distance between the most vulnerable points of the EBSLN and IBSLN and their relatively unexplored bony landmarks, such as the hyoid bone and thyroid notch as well as soft-tissue landmarks like the origin of the Superior Thyroid Artery (STA) and carotid bifurcation. An exploratory cadaveric study was conducted in a medical school affiliated with a tertiary care hospital. The detailed analysis included 13 sides from 8 cadavers. The average distance from the EBSLN piercing site to the greater cornua of the hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage prominence, origin of the STA, and carotid bifurcation was 35.1(±7.2) mm, 33.3(±3.8) mm, 25.7(±6.3) mm, and 31.5(±5.0) mm, respectively and from the IBSLN piercing site was 15.9(±5.9) mm, 32.9(±4.7) mm, 16.3(±4.2) mm, and 20.7(±5.9) mm, respectively. For most cadavers, the distal EBSLN had Cernea type 2a-like relationship with the STA. Certain variations were also observed in the way these nerves branched with respect to the origin of the STA. This study provides metric information (linear measurements) regarding the distance between the branches of SLN and certain unique landmarks. This could potentially aid in minimising intraoperative trauma to these branches.
AbstractList الحفاظ على الفروع الخارجية والداخلية من العصب الحنجري العلوي أمر ضروري خلال عملية استئصال الغدة الدرقية. ومع ذلك، فإن المعالم التشريحية التي يتم استعمالها حاليا لتحديد هذه الأعصاب ليست خالية من العيوب، حيث من المرجح أن يتم تشويهها من قبل الدراقات كبيرة. وفي مثل هذه الحالات، يمكن أن توفر العلامات العظمية نقاطا مرجعية مستقرة، ولكن لم يتم استكشاف الكثير في هذا الصدد. تقيس هذه الدراسة المسافات من النقاط الأكثر عرضة للإصابة للعصب الحنجري العلوي الخارجي والعصب الحنجري العلوي الداخلي إلى العلامات العظمية غير المستكشفة نسبيا مثل العظم اللامي والثلمة الدرقية، ومعالم الأنسجة الرخوة مثل أصل الشريان الدرقي العلوي والتشعب السباتي. أجريت دراسة استكشافية جُثيَّة في كلية الطب التابعة لمستشفى رعاية ثالثة. وقد تم تضمين ١٣ جانبا من ثمانية جثث للتحليل المفصل. متوسط المسافات من مواقع ثقب العصب الحنجري العلوي الخارجي إلى القرن الأعظم من العظم اللامي، وبروز الغدة الدرقية، وأصل الشريان الدرقي العلوي، والتشعب السباتي ٣٥.١(±٧.٢) مم، ٣٣.٣(±٣.٨) ملم، ٢٥.٧(±٦.٣) ملم، و٣١.٥(±٥.٠) ملم على التوالي. وبالمثل، بالنسبة لنقطة ثقب العصب الحنجري العلوي الداخلي، كانت هذه المسافات ١٥.٩(±٥.٩) مم، ٣٢.٩(±٤.٧) ملم، ١٦.٣(±٤.٢) ملم، و٢٠.٧(±٥.٩) مم. في معظم العينات، كان العصب الحنجري العلوي الخارجي القاصي من النوع ٢أ من العلاقة مع الشريان الدرقي العلوي. كما لاحظنا بعض الاختلافات في تفريع هذه الأعصاب فيما يتعلق بأصل الشريان الدرقي العلوي. تقدم هذه الدراسة معلومات قياسية (قياسات خطية) بين فروع العصب الحنجري العلوي وبعض المعالم الفريدة التي يمكن أن تساعد في تقليل الإصابة داخل العملية الجراحية لهذه الفروع. Preserving the External Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve (EBSLN) and Internal Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve (IBSLN) is essential during thyroidectomy. However, due to potential distortions caused by large goitres, the present anatomical landmarks used to identify these nerves are flawed. Although under such circumstances, bony landmarks may offer more stable reference points, not much has been explored in this regard. This study measures the distance between the most vulnerable points of the EBSLN and IBSLN and their relatively unexplored bony landmarks, such as the hyoid bone and thyroid notch as well as soft-tissue landmarks like the origin of the Superior Thyroid Artery (STA) and carotid bifurcation. An exploratory cadaveric study was conducted in a medical school affiliated with a tertiary care hospital. The detailed analysis included 13 sides from 8 cadavers. The average distance from the EBSLN piercing site to the greater cornua of the hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage prominence, origin of the STA, and carotid bifurcation was 35.1(±7.2) mm, 33.3(±3.8) mm, 25.7(±6.3) mm, and 31.5(±5.0) mm, respectively and from the IBSLN piercing site was 15.9(±5.9) mm, 32.9(±4.7) mm, 16.3(±4.2) mm, and 20.7(±5.9) mm, respectively. For most cadavers, the distal EBSLN had Cernea type 2a-like relationship with the STA. Certain variations were also observed in the way these nerves branched with respect to the origin of the STA. This study provides metric information (linear measurements) regarding the distance between the branches of SLN and certain unique landmarks. This could potentially aid in minimising intraoperative trauma to these branches.
Preserving the External Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve (EBSLN) and Internal Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve (IBSLN) is essential during thyroidectomy. However, due to potential distortions caused by large goitres, the present anatomical landmarks used to identify these nerves are flawed. Although under such circumstances, bony landmarks may offer more stable reference points, not much has been explored in this regard. This study measures the distance between the most vulnerable points of the EBSLN and IBSLN and their relatively unexplored bony landmarks, such as the hyoid bone and thyroid notch as well as soft-tissue landmarks like the origin of the Superior Thyroid Artery (STA) and carotid bifurcation. An exploratory cadaveric study was conducted in a medical school affiliated with a tertiary care hospital. The detailed analysis included 13 sides from 8 cadavers. The average distance from the EBSLN piercing site to the greater cornua of the hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage prominence, origin of the STA, and carotid bifurcation was 35.1(±7.2) mm, 33.3(±3.8) mm, 25.7(±6.3) mm, and 31.5(±5.0) mm, respectively and from the IBSLN piercing site was 15.9(±5.9) mm, 32.9(±4.7) mm, 16.3(±4.2) mm, and 20.7(±5.9) mm, respectively. For most cadavers, the distal EBSLN had Cernea type 2a-like relationship with the STA. Certain variations were also observed in the way these nerves branched with respect to the origin of the STA. This study provides metric information (linear measurements) regarding the distance between the branches of SLN and certain unique landmarks. This could potentially aid in minimising intraoperative trauma to these branches.
OBJECTIVESPreserving the External Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve (EBSLN) and Internal Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve (IBSLN) is essential during thyroidectomy. However, due to potential distortions caused by large goitres, the present anatomical landmarks used to identify these nerves are flawed. Although under such circumstances, bony landmarks may offer more stable reference points, not much has been explored in this regard. This study measures the distance between the most vulnerable points of the EBSLN and IBSLN and their relatively unexplored bony landmarks, such as the hyoid bone and thyroid notch as well as soft-tissue landmarks like the origin of the Superior Thyroid Artery (STA) and carotid bifurcation. METHODSAn exploratory cadaveric study was conducted in a medical school affiliated with a tertiary care hospital. The detailed analysis included 13 sides from 8 cadavers. RESULTSThe average distance from the EBSLN piercing site to the greater cornua of the hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage prominence, origin of the STA, and carotid bifurcation was 35.1(±7.2) mm, 33.3(±3.8) mm, 25.7(±6.3) mm, and 31.5(±5.0) mm, respectively and from the IBSLN piercing site was 15.9(±5.9) mm, 32.9(±4.7) mm, 16.3(±4.2) mm, and 20.7(±5.9) mm, respectively. For most cadavers, the distal EBSLN had Cernea type 2a-like relationship with the STA. Certain variations were also observed in the way these nerves branched with respect to the origin of the STA. CONCLUSIONSThis study provides metric information (linear measurements) regarding the distance between the branches of SLN and certain unique landmarks. This could potentially aid in minimising intraoperative trauma to these branches.
الملخص: أهداف البحث: الحفاظ على الفروع الخارجية والداخلية من العصب الحنجري العلوي أمر ضروري خلال عملية استئصال الغدة الدرقية. ومع ذلك، فإن المعالم التشريحية التي يتم استعمالها حاليا لتحديد هذه الأعصاب ليست خالية من العيوب، حيث من المرجح أن يتم تشويهها من قبل الدراقات كبيرة. وفي مثل هذه الحالات، يمكن أن توفر العلامات العظمية نقاطا مرجعية مستقرة، ولكن لم يتم استكشاف الكثير في هذا الصدد. تقيس هذه الدراسة المسافات من النقاط الأكثر عرضة للإصابة للعصب الحنجري العلوي الخارجي والعصب الحنجري العلوي الداخلي إلى العلامات العظمية غير المستكشفة نسبيا مثل العظم اللامي والثلمة الدرقية، ومعالم الأنسجة الرخوة مثل أصل الشريان الدرقي العلوي والتشعب السباتي. طرق البحث: أجريت دراسة استكشافية جُثيَّة في كلية الطب التابعة لمستشفى رعاية ثالثة. وقد تم تضمين ١٣ جانبا من ثمانية جثث للتحليل المفصل. النتائج: متوسط المسافات من مواقع ثقب العصب الحنجري العلوي الخارجي إلى القرن الأعظم من العظم اللامي، وبروز الغدة الدرقية، وأصل الشريان الدرقي العلوي، والتشعب السباتي ٣٥.١(±٧.٢) مم، ٣٣.٣(±٣.٨) ملم، ٢٥.٧(±٦.٣) ملم، و٣١.٥(±٥.٠) ملم على التوالي. وبالمثل، بالنسبة لنقطة ثقب العصب الحنجري العلوي الداخلي، كانت هذه المسافات ١٥.٩(±٥.٩) مم، ٣٢.٩(±٤.٧) ملم، ١٦.٣(±٤.٢) ملم، و٢٠.٧(±٥.٩) مم. في معظم العينات، كان العصب الحنجري العلوي الخارجي القاصي من النوع ٢أ من العلاقة مع الشريان الدرقي العلوي. كما لاحظنا بعض الاختلافات في تفريع هذه الأعصاب فيما يتعلق بأصل الشريان الدرقي العلوي. الاستنتاجات: تقدم هذه الدراسة معلومات قياسية (قياسات خطية) بين فروع العصب الحنجري العلوي وبعض المعالم الفريدة التي يمكن أن تساعد في تقليل الإصابة داخل العملية الجراحية لهذه الفروع. Abstract: Objectives: Preserving the External Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve (EBSLN) and Internal Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve (IBSLN) is essential during thyroidectomy. However, due to potential distortions caused by large goitres, the present anatomical landmarks used to identify these nerves are flawed. Although under such circumstances, bony landmarks may offer more stable reference points, not much has been explored in this regard. This study measures the distance between the most vulnerable points of the EBSLN and IBSLN and their relatively unexplored bony landmarks, such as the hyoid bone and thyroid notch as well as soft-tissue landmarks like the origin of the Superior Thyroid Artery (STA) and carotid bifurcation. Methods: An exploratory cadaveric study was conducted in a medical school affiliated with a tertiary care hospital. The detailed analysis included 13 sides from 8 cadavers. Results: The average distance from the EBSLN piercing site to the greater cornua of the hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage prominence, origin of the STA, and carotid bifurcation was 35.1(±7.2) mm, 33.3(±3.8) mm, 25.7(±6.3) mm, and 31.5(±5.0) mm, respectively and from the IBSLN piercing site was 15.9(±5.9) mm, 32.9(±4.7) mm, 16.3(±4.2) mm, and 20.7(±5.9) mm, respectively. For most cadavers, the distal EBSLN had Cernea type 2a-like relationship with the STA. Certain variations were also observed in the way these nerves branched with respect to the origin of the STA. Conclusions: This study provides metric information (linear measurements) regarding the distance between the branches of SLN and certain unique landmarks. This could potentially aid in minimising intraoperative trauma to these branches.
Author Pujary, Kailesh
Devaraja, K.
Punja, Rohini
Kalthur, Sneha G.
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  givenname: Rohini
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  surname: Pujary
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Issue 3
Keywords تشريح الجثث
العصب الحنجري الداخلي
Superior Laryngeal Nerve
علم التشريح
العصب الحنجري الخارجي
External Laryngeal Nerve
العصب الحنجري العلوي
Anatomy
Cadaver dissection
Internal Laryngeal Nerve
Language English
License This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
2021 The Authors.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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ORCID 0000-0001-5200-6680
0000-0001-8171-7393
OpenAccessLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8178688/
PMID 34140858
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pubmed_primary_34140858
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PublicationDate 2021-06-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-06-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 06
  year: 2021
  text: 2021-06-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Saudi Arabia
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Saudi Arabia
PublicationTitle Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences
PublicationTitleAlternate J Taibah Univ Med Sci
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher Elsevier Ltd
Taibah University
Elsevier
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier Ltd
– name: Taibah University
– name: Elsevier
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Snippet الحفاظ على الفروع الخارجية والداخلية من العصب الحنجري العلوي أمر ضروري خلال عملية استئصال الغدة الدرقية. ومع ذلك، فإن المعالم التشريحية التي يتم استعمالها...
Preserving the External Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve (EBSLN) and Internal Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve (IBSLN) is essential during thyroidectomy....
OBJECTIVESPreserving the External Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve (EBSLN) and Internal Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve (IBSLN) is essential during...
الملخص: أهداف البحث: الحفاظ على الفروع الخارجية والداخلية من العصب الحنجري العلوي أمر ضروري خلال عملية استئصال الغدة الدرقية. ومع ذلك، فإن المعالم التشريحية...
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StartPage 328
SubjectTerms Anatomy
Cadaver dissection
External Laryngeal Nerve
Internal Laryngeal Nerve
Original
Superior Laryngeal Nerve
العصب الحنجري الخارجي
العصب الحنجري الداخلي
العصب الحنجري العلوي
تشريح الجثث
علم التشريح
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Title Unmapped landmarks around branches of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve: An exploratory cadaveric study
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