机械化生态沃土耕作模式提高土壤质量及作物产量
为了解决小麦玉米两作区连年翻耕造成的土壤养分、水分流失、土壤沙化以及长期不耕作不利于作物高产等问题,将翻耕、旋耕、深松等适当结合,建立一种械化生态沃土耕作模式,设置一定的周期,周期内对土壤进行适度的耕作,并与连年翻耕和连年免耕模式进行试验对比。试验结果表明：5 a周期内机械化生态沃土耕作模式可以显著提高各层土壤有机质含量,0-10 cm提高最大达0.2%;连年免耕在前3 a可以显著提高O-10 cm土壤有机质含量,后2 a有所减少;连年翻耕在前3a可以显著提高〉20-30 cm土壤有机质含量,后2a显著减少。土壤含水率表现为机械化生态沃土〉连年免耕〉连年翻耕,随着时间变化,差异越来越显著。0-...
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| Published in | 农业工程学报 Vol. 31; no. 7; pp. 33 - 38 |
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| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | Chinese |
| Published |
山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,淄博,255049
2015
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1002-6819 |
| DOI | 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.07.005 |
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| Summary: | 为了解决小麦玉米两作区连年翻耕造成的土壤养分、水分流失、土壤沙化以及长期不耕作不利于作物高产等问题,将翻耕、旋耕、深松等适当结合,建立一种械化生态沃土耕作模式,设置一定的周期,周期内对土壤进行适度的耕作,并与连年翻耕和连年免耕模式进行试验对比。试验结果表明：5 a周期内机械化生态沃土耕作模式可以显著提高各层土壤有机质含量,0-10 cm提高最大达0.2%;连年免耕在前3 a可以显著提高O-10 cm土壤有机质含量,后2 a有所减少;连年翻耕在前3a可以显著提高〉20-30 cm土壤有机质含量,后2a显著减少。土壤含水率表现为机械化生态沃土〉连年免耕〉连年翻耕,随着时间变化,差异越来越显著。0-10 cm土壤容重在5%水平上机械化生态沃土耕作模式和连年免耕显著低于连年翻耕。机械化生态沃土耕作模式下作物产量显著高于连年免耕和连年翻耕,2014年增产优势最明显.比连年翻耕小麦增产30.8%,玉米增产28.4%,比连年免耕小麦增产22.5%,玉米增产20.9%。 |
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| Bibliography: | Tillage was the key factor affecting soil quality, and plowing, rotary tillage and subsoiling etc. were the important links of tillage pattern. Years of plowing, trying to make the soil crushing and creating a good growth environment were the essence of traditional farming in China. But excessive tillage caused the damage to the vegetation, made the soil lose protection, caused soil erosion, dust wreaking havoc and fertility decline in the end. However, long-term no tillage was also inconducive to the sustainable high yield of crops. In order to solve this problem, through comprehensive consideration, the advantages of different tillage patterns were took and combined reasonably. Then a rotational period of mechanical and ecological tillage pattern was established in wheat/corn double-cropping system and compared with the patterns of years of plowing and years of no tillage. The mechanical and ecological tillage pattern was set as Treatment W, the years of plowing pattern was Treatment F, and the years of no |
| ISSN: | 1002-6819 |
| DOI: | 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.07.005 |