Consequences of multilingualism for neural architecture

Language has the power to shape cognition, behavior, and even the form and function of the brain. Technological and scientific developments have recently yielded an increasingly diverse set of tools with which to study the way language changes neural structures and processes. Here, we review researc...

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Published inBehavioral and brain functions Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 6 - 24
Main Authors Hayakawa, Sayuri, Marian, Viorica
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BioMed Central 25.03.2019
BMC
Subjects
Aging
Bilingualism
Brain - physiology
Brain Mapping - methods
Brain research
Cognition & reasoning
Cognition - physiology
Cognitive ability
Cognitive function
Competition
Experience-dependent plasticity
Eye movements
Female
Humans
Information processing
Language
Language experience
Linguistics
Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods
Male
Memory
Multilingualism
Neural networks
Neuroimaging
Neuronal Plasticity - physiology
Neuroplasticity
Phonology
Review
Semantics
Structure-function relationships
Neuroplasticity
Multilingualism
Executive control
Language experience
Bilingualism
Experience-dependent plasticity
Cognitive function
Speech processing
Language learning
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Abstract Language has the power to shape cognition, behavior, and even the form and function of the brain. Technological and scientific developments have recently yielded an increasingly diverse set of tools with which to study the way language changes neural structures and processes. Here, we review research investigating the consequences of multilingualism as revealed by brain imaging. A key feature of multilingual cognition is that two or more languages can become activated at the same time, requiring mechanisms to control interference. Consequently, extensive experience managing multiple languages can influence cognitive processes as well as their neural correlates. We begin with a brief discussion of how bilinguals activate language, and of the brain regions implicated in resolving language conflict. We then review evidence for the pervasive impact of bilingual experience on the function and structure of neural networks that support linguistic and non-linguistic cognitive control, speech processing and production, and language learning. We conclude that even seemingly distinct effects of language on cognitive operations likely arise from interdependent functions, and that future work directly exploring the interactions between multiple levels of processing could offer a more comprehensive view of how language molds the mind.
AbstractList Language has the power to shape cognition, behavior, and even the form and function of the brain. Technological and scientific developments have recently yielded an increasingly diverse set of tools with which to study the way language changes neural structures and processes. Here, we review research investigating the consequences of multilingualism as revealed by brain imaging. A key feature of multilingual cognition is that two or more languages can become activated at the same time, requiring mechanisms to control interference. Consequently, extensive experience managing multiple languages can influence cognitive processes as well as their neural correlates. We begin with a brief discussion of how bilinguals activate language, and of the brain regions implicated in resolving language conflict. We then review evidence for the pervasive impact of bilingual experience on the function and structure of neural networks that support linguistic and non-linguistic cognitive control, speech processing and production, and language learning. We conclude that even seemingly distinct effects of language on cognitive operations likely arise from interdependent functions, and that future work directly exploring the interactions between multiple levels of processing could offer a more comprehensive view of how language molds the mind.
Language has the power to shape cognition, behavior, and even the form and function of the brain. Technological and scientific developments have recently yielded an increasingly diverse set of tools with which to study the way language changes neural structures and processes. Here, we review research investigating the consequences of multilingualism as revealed by brain imaging. A key feature of multilingual cognition is that two or more languages can become activated at the same time, requiring mechanisms to control interference. Consequently, extensive experience managing multiple languages can influence cognitive processes as well as their neural correlates. We begin with a brief discussion of how bilinguals activate language, and of the brain regions implicated in resolving language conflict. We then review evidence for the pervasive impact of bilingual experience on the function and structure of neural networks that support linguistic and non-linguistic cognitive control, speech processing and production, and language learning. We conclude that even seemingly distinct effects of language on cognitive operations likely arise from interdependent functions, and that future work directly exploring the interactions between multiple levels of processing could offer a more comprehensive view of how language molds the mind.Language has the power to shape cognition, behavior, and even the form and function of the brain. Technological and scientific developments have recently yielded an increasingly diverse set of tools with which to study the way language changes neural structures and processes. Here, we review research investigating the consequences of multilingualism as revealed by brain imaging. A key feature of multilingual cognition is that two or more languages can become activated at the same time, requiring mechanisms to control interference. Consequently, extensive experience managing multiple languages can influence cognitive processes as well as their neural correlates. We begin with a brief discussion of how bilinguals activate language, and of the brain regions implicated in resolving language conflict. We then review evidence for the pervasive impact of bilingual experience on the function and structure of neural networks that support linguistic and non-linguistic cognitive control, speech processing and production, and language learning. We conclude that even seemingly distinct effects of language on cognitive operations likely arise from interdependent functions, and that future work directly exploring the interactions between multiple levels of processing could offer a more comprehensive view of how language molds the mind.
Abstract Language has the power to shape cognition, behavior, and even the form and function of the brain. Technological and scientific developments have recently yielded an increasingly diverse set of tools with which to study the way language changes neural structures and processes. Here, we review research investigating the consequences of multilingualism as revealed by brain imaging. A key feature of multilingual cognition is that two or more languages can become activated at the same time, requiring mechanisms to control interference. Consequently, extensive experience managing multiple languages can influence cognitive processes as well as their neural correlates. We begin with a brief discussion of how bilinguals activate language, and of the brain regions implicated in resolving language conflict. We then review evidence for the pervasive impact of bilingual experience on the function and structure of neural networks that support linguistic and non-linguistic cognitive control, speech processing and production, and language learning. We conclude that even seemingly distinct effects of language on cognitive operations likely arise from interdependent functions, and that future work directly exploring the interactions between multiple levels of processing could offer a more comprehensive view of how language molds the mind.
ArticleNumber 6
Author Marian, Viorica
Hayakawa, Sayuri
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Issue 1
Keywords Neuroplasticity
Multilingualism
Executive control
Language experience
Bilingualism
Experience-dependent plasticity
Cognitive function
Speech processing
Language learning
Language English
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PublicationTitle Behavioral and brain functions
PublicationTitleAlternate Behav Brain Funct
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Publisher BioMed Central
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Snippet Language has the power to shape cognition, behavior, and even the form and function of the brain. Technological and scientific developments have recently...
Abstract Language has the power to shape cognition, behavior, and even the form and function of the brain. Technological and scientific developments have...
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StartPage 6
SubjectTerms Aging
Bilingualism
Brain - physiology
Brain Mapping - methods
Brain research
Cognition & reasoning
Cognition - physiology
Cognitive ability
Cognitive function
Competition
Experience-dependent plasticity
Eye movements
Female
Humans
Information processing
Language
Language experience
Linguistics
Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods
Male
Memory
Multilingualism
Neural networks
Neuroimaging
Neuronal Plasticity - physiology
Neuroplasticity
Phonology
Review
Semantics
Structure-function relationships
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Title Consequences of multilingualism for neural architecture
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30909931
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2211480879
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2197886404
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6432751
https://doaj.org/article/8dae0e835ef84307a9944baf935a40e9
Volume 15
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