Seasonal space use and habitat selection of GPS collared snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in the Mongolian Altai range
Although the home range and habitat selection of animal species is among the fundamental pieces of biological information collected by research projects during recent decades, published information on the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) home range is limited. The Altai Mountains of central Asia contai...
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| Published in | PloS one Vol. 18; no. 1; p. e0280011 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Public Library of Science
01.01.2023
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Although the home range and habitat selection of animal species is among the fundamental pieces of biological information collected by research projects during recent decades, published information on the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) home range is limited. The Altai Mountains of central Asia contain some of the largest and most important remaining conservation landscapes for snow leopards globally, but there is a limited understanding of the species' ecology in this region. First, we used the data from 5 snow leopards equipped with GPS collars at four study sites in the Altai Mountains of Mongolia to broadly characterize patterns of home range use between 2013 and 2019. The data was used to calculate home range size from a 10 month period using three different estimators: minimum convex polygons (MCP), kernel density distributions (KDE), and local convex hulls (LoCoH). Second, ten data sets from 8 individual snow leopards were combined to cover all 12 months of a year and to generate a general additive mixed model of seasonal home range use and seasonal resource use. We found 1) large variation in home ranges between sites during the monitoring period ranging minimally between 26.1 and 395.3km2 (MCP); 2) Local convex hull home ranges were smaller compared to home ranges based on minimum convex polygons and kernels and yielded more biologically appropriate home range estimates; 3) monthly home ranges of males were larger than females; 4) female monthly home ranges decreased in summer, while male monthly range use remained stable throughout the year; and, 5) while both sexes shared similar habitat preference in winter (steep south-western slopes at high elevation), our data suggest different habitat preferences between sexes in summer. Knowledge of the space use of threatened species is crucial for their conservation, and this is especially true for apex predators who often provide benefits for an entire ecosystem. Our study provides a preliminary understanding of the spatial ecology of this important species in an area of critical conservation concern. |
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| AbstractList | Although the home range and habitat selection of animal species is among the fundamental pieces of biological information collected by research projects during recent decades, published information on the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) home range is limited. The Altai Mountains of central Asia contain some of the largest and most important remaining conservation landscapes for snow leopards globally, but there is a limited understanding of the species’ ecology in this region. First, we used the data from 5 snow leopards equipped with GPS collars at four study sites in the Altai Mountains of Mongolia to broadly characterize patterns of home range use between 2013 and 2019. The data was used to calculate home range size from a 10 month period using three different estimators: minimum convex polygons (MCP), kernel density distributions (KDE), and local convex hulls (LoCoH). Second, ten data sets from 8 individual snow leopards were combined to cover all 12 months of a year and to generate a general additive mixed model of seasonal home range use and seasonal resource use. We found 1) large variation in home ranges between sites during the monitoring period ranging minimally between 26.1 and 395.3km2 (MCP); 2) Local convex hull home ranges were smaller compared to home ranges based on minimum convex polygons and kernels and yielded more biologically appropriate home range estimates; 3) monthly home ranges of males were larger than females; 4) female monthly home ranges decreased in summer, while male monthly range use remained stable throughout the year; and, 5) while both sexes shared similar habitat preference in winter (steep south-western slopes at high elevation), our data suggest different habitat preferences between sexes in summer. Knowledge of the space use of threatened species is crucial for their conservation, and this is especially true for apex predators who often provide benefits for an entire ecosystem. Our study provides a preliminary understanding of the spatial ecology of this important species in an area of critical conservation concern. Although the home range and habitat selection of animal species is among the fundamental pieces of biological information collected by research projects during recent decades, published information on the snow leopard ( Panthera uncia ) home range is limited. The Altai Mountains of central Asia contain some of the largest and most important remaining conservation landscapes for snow leopards globally, but there is a limited understanding of the species’ ecology in this region. First, we used the data from 5 snow leopards equipped with GPS collars at four study sites in the Altai Mountains of Mongolia to broadly characterize patterns of home range use between 2013 and 2019. The data was used to calculate home range size from a 10 month period using three different estimators: minimum convex polygons (MCP), kernel density distributions (KDE), and local convex hulls (LoCoH). Second, ten data sets from 8 individual snow leopards were combined to cover all 12 months of a year and to generate a general additive mixed model of seasonal home range use and seasonal resource use. We found 1) large variation in home ranges between sites during the monitoring period ranging minimally between 26.1 and 395.3km 2 (MCP); 2) Local convex hull home ranges were smaller compared to home ranges based on minimum convex polygons and kernels and yielded more biologically appropriate home range estimates; 3) monthly home ranges of males were larger than females; 4) female monthly home ranges decreased in summer, while male monthly range use remained stable throughout the year; and, 5) while both sexes shared similar habitat preference in winter (steep south-western slopes at high elevation), our data suggest different habitat preferences between sexes in summer. Knowledge of the space use of threatened species is crucial for their conservation, and this is especially true for apex predators who often provide benefits for an entire ecosystem. Our study provides a preliminary understanding of the spatial ecology of this important species in an area of critical conservation concern. Although the home range and habitat selection of animal species is among the fundamental pieces of biological information collected by research projects during recent decades, published information on the snow leopard ( Panthera uncia ) home range is limited. The Altai Mountains of central Asia contain some of the largest and most important remaining conservation landscapes for snow leopards globally, but there is a limited understanding of the species’ ecology in this region. First, we used the data from 5 snow leopards equipped with GPS collars at four study sites in the Altai Mountains of Mongolia to broadly characterize patterns of home range use between 2013 and 2019. The data was used to calculate home range size from a 10 month period using three different estimators: minimum convex polygons (MCP), kernel density distributions (KDE), and local convex hulls (LoCoH). Second, ten data sets from 8 individual snow leopards were combined to cover all 12 months of a year and to generate a general additive mixed model of seasonal home range use and seasonal resource use. We found 1) large variation in home ranges between sites during the monitoring period ranging minimally between 26.1 and 395.3km 2 (MCP); 2) Local convex hull home ranges were smaller compared to home ranges based on minimum convex polygons and kernels and yielded more biologically appropriate home range estimates; 3) monthly home ranges of males were larger than females; 4) female monthly home ranges decreased in summer, while male monthly range use remained stable throughout the year; and, 5) while both sexes shared similar habitat preference in winter (steep south-western slopes at high elevation), our data suggest different habitat preferences between sexes in summer. Knowledge of the space use of threatened species is crucial for their conservation, and this is especially true for apex predators who often provide benefits for an entire ecosystem. Our study provides a preliminary understanding of the spatial ecology of this important species in an area of critical conservation concern. Although the home range and habitat selection of animal species is among the fundamental pieces of biological information collected by research projects during recent decades, published information on the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) home range is limited. The Altai Mountains of central Asia contain some of the largest and most important remaining conservation landscapes for snow leopards globally, but there is a limited understanding of the species' ecology in this region. First, we used the data from 5 snow leopards equipped with GPS collars at four study sites in the Altai Mountains of Mongolia to broadly characterize patterns of home range use between 2013 and 2019. The data was used to calculate home range size from a 10 month period using three different estimators: minimum convex polygons (MCP), kernel density distributions (KDE), and local convex hulls (LoCoH). Second, ten data sets from 8 individual snow leopards were combined to cover all 12 months of a year and to generate a general additive mixed model of seasonal home range use and seasonal resource use. We found 1) large variation in home ranges between sites during the monitoring period ranging minimally between 26.1 and 395.3km2 (MCP); 2) Local convex hull home ranges were smaller compared to home ranges based on minimum convex polygons and kernels and yielded more biologically appropriate home range estimates; 3) monthly home ranges of males were larger than females; 4) female monthly home ranges decreased in summer, while male monthly range use remained stable throughout the year; and, 5) while both sexes shared similar habitat preference in winter (steep south-western slopes at high elevation), our data suggest different habitat preferences between sexes in summer. Knowledge of the space use of threatened species is crucial for their conservation, and this is especially true for apex predators who often provide benefits for an entire ecosystem. Our study provides a preliminary understanding of the spatial ecology of this important species in an area of critical conservation concern.Although the home range and habitat selection of animal species is among the fundamental pieces of biological information collected by research projects during recent decades, published information on the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) home range is limited. The Altai Mountains of central Asia contain some of the largest and most important remaining conservation landscapes for snow leopards globally, but there is a limited understanding of the species' ecology in this region. First, we used the data from 5 snow leopards equipped with GPS collars at four study sites in the Altai Mountains of Mongolia to broadly characterize patterns of home range use between 2013 and 2019. The data was used to calculate home range size from a 10 month period using three different estimators: minimum convex polygons (MCP), kernel density distributions (KDE), and local convex hulls (LoCoH). Second, ten data sets from 8 individual snow leopards were combined to cover all 12 months of a year and to generate a general additive mixed model of seasonal home range use and seasonal resource use. We found 1) large variation in home ranges between sites during the monitoring period ranging minimally between 26.1 and 395.3km2 (MCP); 2) Local convex hull home ranges were smaller compared to home ranges based on minimum convex polygons and kernels and yielded more biologically appropriate home range estimates; 3) monthly home ranges of males were larger than females; 4) female monthly home ranges decreased in summer, while male monthly range use remained stable throughout the year; and, 5) while both sexes shared similar habitat preference in winter (steep south-western slopes at high elevation), our data suggest different habitat preferences between sexes in summer. Knowledge of the space use of threatened species is crucial for their conservation, and this is especially true for apex predators who often provide benefits for an entire ecosystem. Our study provides a preliminary understanding of the spatial ecology of this important species in an area of critical conservation concern. Although the home range and habitat selection of animal species is among the fundamental pieces of biological information collected by research projects during recent decades, published information on the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) home range is limited. The Altai Mountains of central Asia contain some of the largest and most important remaining conservation landscapes for snow leopards globally, but there is a limited understanding of the species' ecology in this region. First, we used the data from 5 snow leopards equipped with GPS collars at four study sites in the Altai Mountains of Mongolia to broadly characterize patterns of home range use between 2013 and 2019. The data was used to calculate home range size from a 10 month period using three different estimators: minimum convex polygons (MCP), kernel density distributions (KDE), and local convex hulls (LoCoH). Second, ten data sets from 8 individual snow leopards were combined to cover all 12 months of a year and to generate a general additive mixed model of seasonal home range use and seasonal resource use. We found 1) large variation in home ranges between sites during the monitoring period ranging minimally between 26.1 and 395.3km.sup.2 (MCP); 2) Local convex hull home ranges were smaller compared to home ranges based on minimum convex polygons and kernels and yielded more biologically appropriate home range estimates; 3) monthly home ranges of males were larger than females; 4) female monthly home ranges decreased in summer, while male monthly range use remained stable throughout the year; and, 5) while both sexes shared similar habitat preference in winter (steep south-western slopes at high elevation), our data suggest different habitat preferences between sexes in summer. Knowledge of the space use of threatened species is crucial for their conservation, and this is especially true for apex predators who often provide benefits for an entire ecosystem. Our study provides a preliminary understanding of the spatial ecology of this important species in an area of critical conservation concern. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Comte, Sebastien Hernandez-Blanco, Jose Antonio Alexandrov, Dmitry Y Poyarkov, Andrey D Rozhnov, Viatcheslav V Munkhtsog, Bariushaa Munkhtogtokh, Оchirjav Rosenbaum, Barry Chimeddorj, Buyanaa Munkhnast, Dalannast Bayaraa, Munkhtsog Galtulga, Bayandonoi |
| AuthorAffiliation | 8 Department of Biology, Mongolian National University of Education, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche, SPAIN 5 Laboratory of Population Structure, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 1 Altai Institute for Research and Conservation, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America 7 Bat Research Center of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 10 NSW Department of Primary Industries, Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, Orange, Australia 4 Altay Branch WWF Mongolia, Khovd, Mongolia 9 Wildlife Institute, College of Nature Conservation of the Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China 3 Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 2 Laboratory of Behaviour and Behavioural Ecology of Mammals, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 6 WWF Mongolia Programme Office, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 5 Laboratory of Population Structure, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia – name: 3 Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia – name: 7 Bat Research Center of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia – name: 6 WWF Mongolia Programme Office, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia – name: 1 Altai Institute for Research and Conservation, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America – name: 2 Laboratory of Behaviour and Behavioural Ecology of Mammals, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia – name: 10 NSW Department of Primary Industries, Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, Orange, Australia – name: 4 Altay Branch WWF Mongolia, Khovd, Mongolia – name: 9 Wildlife Institute, College of Nature Conservation of the Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China – name: Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche, SPAIN – name: 8 Department of Biology, Mongolian National University of Education, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Barry orcidid: 0000-0002-8563-9609 surname: Rosenbaum fullname: Rosenbaum, Barry organization: Altai Institute for Research and Conservation, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America – sequence: 2 givenname: Andrey D surname: Poyarkov fullname: Poyarkov, Andrey D organization: Laboratory of Behaviour and Behavioural Ecology of Mammals, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia – sequence: 3 givenname: Bariushaa surname: Munkhtsog fullname: Munkhtsog, Bariushaa organization: Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia – sequence: 4 givenname: Оchirjav surname: Munkhtogtokh fullname: Munkhtogtokh, Оchirjav organization: Altay Branch WWF Mongolia, Khovd, Mongolia – sequence: 5 givenname: Jose Antonio orcidid: 0000-0002-1072-2483 surname: Hernandez-Blanco fullname: Hernandez-Blanco, Jose Antonio organization: Laboratory of Behaviour and Behavioural Ecology of Mammals, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia – sequence: 6 givenname: Dmitry Y surname: Alexandrov fullname: Alexandrov, Dmitry Y organization: Laboratory of Population Structure, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia – sequence: 7 givenname: Buyanaa surname: Chimeddorj fullname: Chimeddorj, Buyanaa organization: WWF Mongolia Programme Office, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia – sequence: 8 givenname: Bayandonoi surname: Galtulga fullname: Galtulga, Bayandonoi organization: WWF Mongolia Programme Office, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia – sequence: 9 givenname: Dalannast surname: Munkhnast fullname: Munkhnast, Dalannast organization: Department of Biology, Mongolian National University of Education, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia – sequence: 10 givenname: Munkhtsog surname: Bayaraa fullname: Bayaraa, Munkhtsog organization: Wildlife Institute, College of Nature Conservation of the Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China – sequence: 11 givenname: Viatcheslav V surname: Rozhnov fullname: Rozhnov, Viatcheslav V organization: Laboratory of Behaviour and Behavioural Ecology of Mammals, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia – sequence: 12 givenname: Sebastien orcidid: 0000-0001-7984-8159 surname: Comte fullname: Comte, Sebastien organization: NSW Department of Primary Industries, Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, Orange, Australia |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36649338$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright: © 2023 Rosenbaum et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. COPYRIGHT 2023 Public Library of Science 2023 Rosenbaum et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2023 Rosenbaum et al 2023 Rosenbaum et al 2023 Rosenbaum et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
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| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0280011 |
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| Discipline | Sciences (General) Ecology |
| DocumentTitleAlternate | Spatial ecology of Altai snow leopards |
| EISSN | 1932-6203 |
| Editor | Pérez-García, Juan Manuel |
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| GeographicLocations | Mongolia Altai Mountains Asia |
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| Language | English |
| License | Copyright: © 2023 Rosenbaum et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Creative Commons Attribution License |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. ADP, BM, ОM, JAHB, DYA, DM and MB also contributed equally to this work. |
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| Title | Seasonal space use and habitat selection of GPS collared snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in the Mongolian Altai range |
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