Heterotopic ossification in lymph node metastasis after rectal cancer resection: a case report and literature review

• Published in: World journal of surgical oncology Vol. 19; no. 1; p. 2
• Main Authors: Nagano, Hideki, Togawa, Tamotsu, Watanabe, Takeshi, Ohnishi, Kenji, Kimura, Toshihisa, Iida, Atsushi, Noriki, Sakon, Imamura, Yoshiaki, Sato, Yasunori, Goi, Takanori
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 02.01.2021; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Adenocarcinoma; Aged, 80 and over; Antigens; Biomedical materials; BMP-2; Bone diseases; Brain; Brain cancer; Cancer; Cancer therapies; Care and treatment; Case Report; Case studies; CD56 antigen; CDX2 protein; Chemotherapy; Colorectal cancer; Development and progression; Diagnosis; Digestive tract; Edema; Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; Female; Heterotopic ossification; Humans; Lesions; Literature reviews; Lymph node; Lymph nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lymphatic system; Mesenchyme; Metaplasia; Metastases; Metastasis; Necrosis; Nestin; Ossification (ectopic); Ossification, Heterotopic - etiology; Ossification, Heterotopic - surgery; Osteoblast-like cell; Osteoblasts; Osteocalcin; Osteonectin; Ostomy; Pathogenesis; Pluripotency; Pneumonia; Prognosis; Rectal cancer; Rectal Neoplasms - surgery; Rectum; Smad2 protein; Thyroid gland; Transforming growth factor-b1; Tumor cells; Tumors; Japan; Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; Lymph node; Rectal cancer; Osteoblast-like cell; TGF-β1; Heterotopic ossification; BMP-2; Gli2

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of osseous tissue outside the skeleton. HO in malignant tumors of the digestive tract is extremely rare, as is ossification in metastatic lesions from HO-negative digestive tract tumors. Regarding the pathogenesis of HO, two theories have been proposed....