Detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) by urinary volatile organic compound analysis
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer related death in Europe and the USA. There is no universally accepted effective non-invasive screening test for CRC. Guaiac based faecal occult blood (gFOB) testing has largely been superseded by Faecal Immunochemical testing (FIT), but sensitivit...
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Published in | PloS one Vol. 9; no. 9; p. e108750 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
Public Library of Science
30.09.2014
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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Abstract | Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer related death in Europe and the USA. There is no universally accepted effective non-invasive screening test for CRC. Guaiac based faecal occult blood (gFOB) testing has largely been superseded by Faecal Immunochemical testing (FIT), but sensitivity still remains poor. The uptake of population based FOBt testing in the UK is also low at around 50%. The detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) signature(s) for many cancer subtypes is receiving increasing interest using a variety of gas phase analytical instruments. One such example is FAIMS (Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometer). FAIMS is able to identify Inflammatory Bowel disease (IBD) patients by analysing shifts in VOCs patterns in both urine and faeces. This study extends this concept to determine whether CRC patients can be identified through non-invasive analysis of urine, using FAIMS. 133 patients were recruited; 83 CRC patients and 50 healthy controls. Urine was collected at the time of CRC diagnosis and headspace analysis undertaken using a FAIMS instrument (Owlstone, Lonestar, UK). Data was processed using Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA) after feature extraction from the raw data. FAIMS analyses demonstrated that the VOC profiles of CRC patients were tightly clustered and could be distinguished from healthy controls. Sensitivity and specificity for CRC detection with FAIMS were 88% and 60% respectively. This study suggests that VOC signatures emanating from urine can be detected in patients with CRC using ion mobility spectroscopy technology (FAIMS) with potential as a novel screening tool. |
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AbstractList | Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer related death in Europe and the USA. There is no universally accepted effective non-invasive screening test for CRC. Guaiac based faecal occult blood (gFOB) testing has largely been superseded by Faecal Immunochemical testing (FIT), but sensitivity still remains poor. The uptake of population based FOBt testing in the UK is also low at around 50%. The detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) signature(s) for many cancer subtypes is receiving increasing interest using a variety of gas phase analytical instruments. One such example is FAIMS (Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometer). FAIMS is able to identify Inflammatory Bowel disease (IBD) patients by analysing shifts in VOCs patterns in both urine and faeces. This study extends this concept to determine whether CRC patients can be identified through non-invasive analysis of urine, using FAIMS. 133 patients were recruited; 83 CRC patients and 50 healthy controls. Urine was collected at the time of CRC diagnosis and headspace analysis undertaken using a FAIMS instrument (Owlstone, Lonestar, UK). Data was processed using Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA) after feature extraction from the raw data. FAIMS analyses demonstrated that the VOC profiles of CRC patients were tightly clustered and could be distinguished from healthy controls. Sensitivity and specificity for CRC detection with FAIMS were 88% and 60% respectively. This study suggests that VOC signatures emanating from urine can be detected in patients with CRC using ion mobility spectroscopy technology (FAIMS) with potential as a novel screening tool. |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Arasaradnam, Ramesh P Hodges, Phoebe Hodges, Paula Covington, James A Chambers, Samantha Thomas, Matthew G Westenbrink, Erik Bailey, Catherine Nwokolo, Chuka U McFarlane, Michael J O'Connell, Nicola Ryan-Fisher, Courtenay Bardhan, Karna D Harmston, Christopher |
AuthorAffiliation | 2 School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, Warwickshire, United Kingdom 6 MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, Warwickshire, United Kingdom 3 Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire, Coventry, Warwickshire, United Kingdom The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States of America 1 Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, Warwickshire, United Kingdom 4 Department of Gastroenterology, Rotherham General Hospital, Rotherham, Yorkshire, United Kingdom 5 Department of Surgery, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, Warwickshire, United Kingdom |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, Warwickshire, United Kingdom – name: 3 Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Coventry & Warwickshire, Coventry, Warwickshire, United Kingdom – name: 4 Department of Gastroenterology, Rotherham General Hospital, Rotherham, Yorkshire, United Kingdom – name: 5 Department of Surgery, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, Warwickshire, United Kingdom – name: 6 MOAC Doctoral Training Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, Warwickshire, United Kingdom – name: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States of America – name: 2 School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, Warwickshire, United Kingdom |
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BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25268885$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science 2014 Arasaradnam et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2014 Arasaradnam et al 2014 Arasaradnam et al |
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Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Conceived and designed the experiments: RA CN KB JC. Performed the experiments: EW MT JC. Analyzed the data: RA MM EW MT JC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RA EW MT JA. Wrote the paper: RA MM SC MT CH CN KB JC. Recruitment of patients: CRF PH NOC CB. |
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Snippet | Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer related death in Europe and the USA. There is no universally accepted effective non-invasive screening... |
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SubjectTerms | Adult Aged Analysis Biomarkers Biomarkers, Tumor - urine Cancer Cancer diagnosis Chromatography Cluster Analysis Colorectal cancer Colorectal carcinoma Colorectal Neoplasms - diagnosis Data processing Discriminant Analysis Disease Engineering schools Feature extraction Female Fermentation Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Gases Gastroenterology Gastrointestinal diseases Headspace Health aspects Humans Inflammatory bowel diseases Intestine Ion mobility spectroscopy Ionic mobility Male Mass Spectrometry Medical screening Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Mobility Organic compounds Patients Pollution control Prostate Scientific imaging Sensitivity Sensitivity and Specificity Spectroscopy Tumors Urine VOCs Volatile organic compounds Volatile Organic Compounds - urine |
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Title | Detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) by urinary volatile organic compound analysis |
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