Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn C. F.) fruit yield assessment and management by farm households in the Atacora district of Benin
Vitellaria paradoxa (Gaertn C. F.), or shea tree, remains one of the most valuable trees for farmers in the Atacora district of northern Benin, where rural communities depend on shea products for both food and income. To optimize productivity and management of shea agroforestry systems, or "par...
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Published in | PloS one Vol. 13; no. 1; p. e0190234 |
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Abstract | Vitellaria paradoxa (Gaertn C. F.), or shea tree, remains one of the most valuable trees for farmers in the Atacora district of northern Benin, where rural communities depend on shea products for both food and income. To optimize productivity and management of shea agroforestry systems, or "parklands," accurate and up-to-date data are needed. For this purpose, we monitored120 fruiting shea trees for two years under three land-use scenarios and different soil groups in Atacora, coupled with a farm household survey to elicit information on decision making and management practices. To examine the local pattern of shea tree productivity and relationships between morphological factors and yields, we used a randomized branch sampling method and applied a regression analysis to build a shea yield model based on dendrometric, soil and land-use variables. We also compared potential shea yields based on farm household socio-economic characteristics and management practices derived from the survey data. Soil and land-use variables were the most important determinants of shea fruit yield. In terms of land use, shea trees growing on farmland plots exhibited the highest yields (i.e., fruit quantity and mass) while trees growing on Lixisols performed better than those of the other soil group. Contrary to our expectations, dendrometric parameters had weak relationships with fruit yield regardless of land-use and soil group. There is an inter-annual variability in fruit yield in both soil groups and land-use type. In addition to observed inter-annual yield variability, there was a high degree of variability in production among individual shea trees. Furthermore, household socioeconomic characteristics such as road accessibility, landholding size, and gross annual income influence shea fruit yield. The use of fallow areas is an important land management practice in the study area that influences both conservation and shea yield. |
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AbstractList | Vitellaria paradoxa (Gaertn C. F.), or shea tree, remains one of the most valuable trees for farmers in the Atacora district of northern Benin, where rural communities depend on shea products for both food and income. To optimize productivity and management of shea agroforestry systems, or "parklands," accurate and up-to-date data are needed. For this purpose, we monitored120 fruiting shea trees for two years under three land-use scenarios and different soil groups in Atacora, coupled with a farm household survey to elicit information on decision making and management practices. To examine the local pattern of shea tree productivity and relationships between morphological factors and yields, we used a randomized branch sampling method and applied a regression analysis to build a shea yield model based on dendrometric, soil and land-use variables. We also compared potential shea yields based on farm household socio-economic characteristics and management practices derived from the survey data. Soil and land-use variables were the most important determinants of shea fruit yield. In terms of land use, shea trees growing on farmland plots exhibited the highest yields (i.e., fruit quantity and mass) while trees growing on Lixisols performed better than those of the other soil group. Contrary to our expectations, dendrometric parameters had weak relationships with fruit yield regardless of land-use and soil group. There is an inter-annual variability in fruit yield in both soil groups and land-use type. In addition to observed inter-annual yield variability, there was a high degree of variability in production among individual shea trees. Furthermore, household socioeconomic characteristics such as road accessibility, landholding size, and gross annual income influence shea fruit yield. The use of fallow areas is an important land management practice in the study area that influences both conservation and shea yield. Vitellaria paradoxa (Gaertn C. F.), or shea tree, remains one of the most valuable trees for farmers in the Atacora district of northern Benin, where rural communities depend on shea products for both food and income. To optimize productivity and management of shea agroforestry systems, or "parklands," accurate and up-to-date data are needed. For this purpose, we monitored120 fruiting shea trees for two years under three land-use scenarios and different soil groups in Atacora, coupled with a farm household survey to elicit information on decision making and management practices. To examine the local pattern of shea tree productivity and relationships between morphological factors and yields, we used a randomized branch sampling method and applied a regression analysis to build a shea yield model based on dendrometric, soil and land-use variables. We also compared potential shea yields based on farm household socio-economic characteristics and management practices derived from the survey data. Soil and land-use variables were the most important determinants of shea fruit yield. In terms of land use, shea trees growing on farmland plots exhibited the highest yields (i.e., fruit quantity and mass) while trees growing on Lixisols performed better than those of the other soil group. Contrary to our expectations, dendrometric parameters had weak relationships with fruit yield regardless of land-use and soil group. There is an inter-annual variability in fruit yield in both soil groups and land-use type. In addition to observed inter-annual yield variability, there was a high degree of variability in production among individual shea trees. Furthermore, household socioeconomic characteristics such as road accessibility, landholding size, and gross annual income influence shea fruit yield. The use of fallow areas is an important land management practice in the study area that influences both conservation and shea yield. |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Nyarko, Benjamin Kofi Villamor, Grace B Wala, Kperkouma Aleza, Koutchoukalo Akpagana, Koffi |
AuthorAffiliation | 3 Centre for Development Research, University of Bonn, Germany, Bonn, Germany 2 Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Végétale, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo Chinese Academy of Forestry, CHINA 1 West African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) Graduate Research Programme, School of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, University of Cape Coast, Ghana 4 Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Végétale, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo – name: 4 Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana – name: Chinese Academy of Forestry, CHINA – name: 3 Centre for Development Research, University of Bonn, Germany, Bonn, Germany – name: 1 West African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) Graduate Research Programme, School of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, University of Cape Coast, Ghana |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Koutchoukalo orcidid: 0000-0001-8736-4437 surname: Aleza fullname: Aleza, Koutchoukalo organization: Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Végétale, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo – sequence: 2 givenname: Grace B surname: Villamor fullname: Villamor, Grace B organization: Centre for Development Research, University of Bonn, Germany, Bonn, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: Benjamin Kofi surname: Nyarko fullname: Nyarko, Benjamin Kofi organization: Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana – sequence: 4 givenname: Kperkouma surname: Wala fullname: Wala, Kperkouma organization: Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Végétale, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo – sequence: 5 givenname: Koffi surname: Akpagana fullname: Akpagana, Koffi organization: Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Végétale, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo |
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Snippet | Vitellaria paradoxa (Gaertn C. F.), or shea tree, remains one of the most valuable trees for farmers in the Atacora district of northern Benin, where rural... Vitellaria paradoxa (Gaertn C. F.), or shea tree, remains one of the most valuable trees for farmers in the Atacora district of northern Benin, where rural... |
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SubjectTerms | Agricultural economics Agricultural land Agricultural production Agroforestry Annual variations Biology and Life Sciences Butter Climate change Conservation Crop yield Decision making Earth Sciences Ecology and Environmental Sciences Economic aspects Farmers Farmlands Farms Food production Fruits Growth Households Income Interannual variability Land management Land use Land use management Land use planning Management Parklands People and Places Population Productivity Regression analysis Rural areas Rural communities Rural land use Sampling methods Shea tree Social Sciences Socio-economic aspects Socioeconomics Soil sciences Soils Surveys Trees Variability Vitellaria paradoxa Yield |
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Title | Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn C. F.) fruit yield assessment and management by farm households in the Atacora district of Benin |
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