The effects of body mass on dung removal efficiency in dung beetles
Understanding of the role of body mass in structural-functional relationships is pressing, particularly because species losses often occur non-randomly with respect to body size. Our study examined the effects of dung beetle body mass on dung removal at two levels. First, we used the lab experiment...
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Published in | PloS one Vol. 9; no. 9; p. e107699 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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17.09.2014
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Abstract | Understanding of the role of body mass in structural-functional relationships is pressing, particularly because species losses often occur non-randomly with respect to body size. Our study examined the effects of dung beetle body mass on dung removal at two levels. First, we used the lab experiment to evaluate the efficiency of eight dung beetle species belonging to two functional groups (tunnelers, dwellers) on dung removal. Second, the same species employed in the lab were used in field mesocosms to examine the effects of the two functional groups on dung removal maintaining realistic differences in the total body mass between tunneler and dweller assemblages. Furthermore, the experimental assemblages contained one and four species within each functional group, so the effect of body mass heterogeneity was examined. We used a statistical approach (offset method) which took into account a priori constraints due to the study design allowing us to analyse the effect of larger species in mesocosm style experiments. Body size played a crucial role in dung removal: large beetles were more efficient than small ones and the percentage of removed dung increased with higher body mass heterogeneity. Tunnelers were more efficient than dwellers over both short and long time periods (one month and one year). Significant effects of dwellers were found only after one year. Moreover, our study showed that not including the body mass as an offset in the model resulted in sometimes different results, as the offset expresses dung removal independently of the body mass. This approach confirmed that body size is likely a pivotal factor controlling dung removal efficiency at multiple levels, from single species to overall dung beetle assemblages. Even though other specific traits should be examined, this study has begun to address the consequences of losing individuals with specific traits that are especially sensitive to perturbations. |
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AbstractList | Understanding of the role of body mass in structural-functional relationships is pressing, particularly because species losses often occur non-randomly with respect to body size. Our study examined the effects of dung beetle body mass on dung removal at two levels. First, we used the lab experiment to evaluate the efficiency of eight dung beetle species belonging to two functional groups (tunnelers, dwellers) on dung removal. Second, the same species employed in the lab were used in field mesocosms to examine the effects of the two functional groups on dung removal maintaining realistic differences in the total body mass between tunneler and dweller assemblages. Furthermore, the experimental assemblages contained one and four species within each functional group, so the effect of body mass heterogeneity was examined. We used a statistical approach (offset method) which took into account a priori constraints due to the study design allowing us to analyse the effect of larger species in mesocosm style experiments. Body size played a crucial role in dung removal: large beetles were more efficient than small ones and the percentage of removed dung increased with higher body mass heterogeneity. Tunnelers were more efficient than dwellers over both short and long time periods (one month and one year). Significant effects of dwellers were found only after one year. Moreover, our study showed that not including the body mass as an offset in the model resulted in sometimes different results, as the offset expresses dung removal independently of the body mass. This approach confirmed that body size is likely a pivotal factor controlling dung removal efficiency at multiple levels, from single species to overall dung beetle assemblages. Even though other specific traits should be examined, this study has begun to address the consequences of losing individuals with specific traits that are especially sensitive to perturbations. Understanding of the role of body mass in structural-functional relationships is pressing, particularly because species losses often occur non-randomly with respect to body size. Our study examined the effects of dung beetle body mass on dung removal at two levels. First, we used the lab experiment to evaluate the efficiency of eight dung beetle species belonging to two functional groups (tunnelers, dwellers) on dung removal. Second, the same species employed in the lab were used in field mesocosms to examine the effects of the two functional groups on dung removal maintaining realistic differences in the total body mass between tunneler and dweller assemblages. Furthermore, the experimental assemblages contained one and four species within each functional group, so the effect of body mass heterogeneity was examined. We used a statistical approach (offset method) which took into account a priori constraints due to the study design allowing us to analyse the effect of larger species in mesocosm style experiments. Body size played a crucial role in dung removal: large beetles were more efficient than small ones and the percentage of removed dung increased with higher body mass heterogeneity. Tunnelers were more efficient than dwellers over both short and long time periods (one month and one year). Significant effects of dwellers were found only after one year. Moreover, our study showed that not including the body mass as an offset in the model resulted in sometimes different results, as the offset expresses dung removal independently of the body mass. This approach confirmed that body size is likely a pivotal factor controlling dung removal efficiency at multiple levels, from single species to overall dung beetle assemblages. Even though other specific traits should be examined, this study has begun to address the consequences of losing individuals with specific traits that are especially sensitive to perturbations. |
Author | Tocco, Claudia Nervo, Beatrice Palestrini, Claudia Rolando, Antonio Caprio, Enrico |
AuthorAffiliation | Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy Landcare Research, New Zealand |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy – name: Landcare Research, New Zealand |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Beatrice surname: Nervo fullname: Nervo, Beatrice organization: Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy – sequence: 2 givenname: Claudia surname: Tocco fullname: Tocco, Claudia organization: Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy – sequence: 3 givenname: Enrico surname: Caprio fullname: Caprio, Enrico organization: Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy – sequence: 4 givenname: Claudia surname: Palestrini fullname: Palestrini, Claudia organization: Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy – sequence: 5 givenname: Antonio surname: Rolando fullname: Rolando, Antonio organization: Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25229237$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Copyright | 2014 Nervo et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2014 Nervo et al 2014 Nervo et al |
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Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: BN CT EC CP AR. Performed the experiments: BN CT. Analyzed the data: BN EC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AR CP. Wrote the paper: BN EC AR. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. |
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SubjectTerms | Animals Aphodius Beetles Biodiversity Biology Biology and Life Sciences Body mass Body Size Climate change Coleoptera Coleoptera - anatomy & histology Coleoptera - metabolism Dung Ecology and Environmental Sciences Ecosystem biology Ecosystems Efficiency Endangered & extinct species Extinction Feces Functional groups Geotrupidae Heterogeneity Laboratories Life sciences Mesocosms Metabolism Rainforests Scarabaeidae Scarabaeoidea Species Structure-function relationships Studies |
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Title | The effects of body mass on dung removal efficiency in dung beetles |
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