A Natural Mutation in the Tyk2 Pseudokinase Domain Underlies Altered Susceptibility of B10.Q/J Mice to Infection and Autoimmunity

• Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 100; no. 20; pp. 11594 - 11599
• Main Authors: Shaw, Michael H., Boyartchuk, Victor, Wong, Sandy, Karaghiosoff, Marina, Ragimbeau, Josiane, Pellegrini, Sandra, Muller, Mathias, Dietrich, William F., Yap, George S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States National Academy of Sciences 30.09.2003; National Acad Sciences
• Subjects: Animals; Autoimmune diseases; Autoimmunity - genetics; Biological Sciences; Cell lines; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Genes; Genetic Complementation Test; Genetic loci; Genetic mutation; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Human genetics; Immunology; Infection - genetics; Infections; Lymphocytes; Medical genetics; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mutagenesis; Mutation; Parasites; Phenotypes; Point Mutation; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Proteins - genetics; Proteins - immunology; Rodents; T lymphocytes; TYK2 Kinase
• ISSN: 0027-8424; 1091-6490
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1930781100

The B10.Q/J strain of mice was serendipitously discovered to be highly susceptible to infection by the intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii but markedly resistant to induction of autoimmune arthritis. We have previously shown that the B10.Q/J phenotype is controlled by a single recessive locus and is associated with lymphocyte hyporesponsiveness to IL-12. Using genetic approaches, we have now localized the B10.Q/J locus to chromosome 9 and established its identity as Tyk2, a Janus kinase essential for IL-12 and IFN-α/β cytokine signaling. The B10.Q/J Tyk2 gene contained a single missense mutation resulting in a nonconservative amino acid substitution (E775K) in an invariant motif of the pseudokinase (Janus kinase homology 2) domain. This mutation appeared to result in the absence of the B10.Q/J-encoded Tyk2 protein, despite presence of Tyk2-specific transcripts. Phenotypically, B10.Q/J cells were indistinguishable from Tyk2-deficient cells, showing impaired signaling and biologic responses to IL-12, IL-23, and type I IFNs. The analogous E782K mutant of human Tyk2 failed to restore IFN-α responsiveness in Tyk2 null 11,1 cells. Our results indicate a crucial role for Tyk2 in T helper 1-mediated protective and pathogenic immune responses. An additional implication of our findings is that naturally occurring mutations in the Tyk2 gene may underlie altered susceptibilities to infectious or autoimmune diseases in human and animal populations.