Residential agricultural pesticide exposures and risk of selected congenital heart defects among offspring in the San Joaquin Valley of California
Pesticide exposures are ubiquitous and of substantial public concern. We examined the potential association of congenital heart defects with residential proximity to commercial agricultural pesticide applications in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Study subjects included 569 heart defect cases a...
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| Published in | Environmental research Vol. 135; pp. 133 - 138 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Amsterdam
Elsevier Inc
01.11.2014
Elsevier |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Pesticide exposures are ubiquitous and of substantial public concern. We examined the potential association of congenital heart defects with residential proximity to commercial agricultural pesticide applications in the San Joaquin Valley, California.
Study subjects included 569 heart defect cases and 785 non-malformed controls born from 1997 to 2006 whose mothers participated in a population-based case-control study. Associations with any versus no exposure to physicochemical groups of pesticides and specific chemicals were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for relevant covariates, for 8 heart defect phenotypes that included ≥50 cases and pesticide exposures with ≥5 exposed cases and controls, which resulted in 235 comparisons.
38% of cases and controls were classified as exposed to pesticides within a 500m radius of mother׳s address during a 3-month periconceptional window. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% CIs excluding 1.0 were observed for 18 comparisons; all were >1 and ranged from 1.9 to 7.1. They included tetralogy of Fallot (n=101 cases) and neonicotinoids; hypoplastic left heart syndrome (n=59) and strobins; coarctation of the aorta (n=74) and pyridazinones; pulmonary valve stenosis (n=53) and bipyridyliums and organophosphates; ventricular septal defects (n=93) and avermectins and pyrethroids; and atrial septal defects (n=132) and dichlorphenoxy acid or esters, organophosphates, organotins, and pyrethroids. No AORs met both of these criteria for d-transposition of the great arteries (n=58) or heterotaxia (n=53).
Most pesticides were not associated with increased risk of specific heart defect phenotypes. For the few that were associated, results should be interpreted with caution until replicated in other study populations.
•We examined specific heart defect phenotypes and specific pesticides.•Pesticides were applied within a 500m radius of 38% of women׳s homes.•Most pesticides were not associated with risk of heart defects.•Several pesticides were associated with increased risk of specific heart defects.•Replication studies should be conducted for these pesticides. |
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| AbstractList | Pesticide exposures are ubiquitous and of substantial public concern. We examined the potential association of congenital heart defects with residential proximity to commercial agricultural pesticide applications in the San Joaquin Valley, California.BACKGROUNDPesticide exposures are ubiquitous and of substantial public concern. We examined the potential association of congenital heart defects with residential proximity to commercial agricultural pesticide applications in the San Joaquin Valley, California.Study subjects included 569 heart defect cases and 785 non-malformed controls born from 1997 to 2006 whose mothers participated in a population-based case-control study. Associations with any versus no exposure to physicochemical groups of pesticides and specific chemicals were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for relevant covariates, for 8 heart defect phenotypes that included ≥ 50 cases and pesticide exposures with ≥ 5 exposed cases and controls, which resulted in 235 comparisons.METHODSStudy subjects included 569 heart defect cases and 785 non-malformed controls born from 1997 to 2006 whose mothers participated in a population-based case-control study. Associations with any versus no exposure to physicochemical groups of pesticides and specific chemicals were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for relevant covariates, for 8 heart defect phenotypes that included ≥ 50 cases and pesticide exposures with ≥ 5 exposed cases and controls, which resulted in 235 comparisons.38% of cases and controls were classified as exposed to pesticides within a 500 m radius of mother's address during a 3-month periconceptional window. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% CIs excluding 1.0 were observed for 18 comparisons; all were >1 and ranged from 1.9 to 7.1. They included tetralogy of Fallot (n=101 cases) and neonicotinoids; hypoplastic left heart syndrome (n=59) and strobins; coarctation of the aorta (n=74) and pyridazinones; pulmonary valve stenosis (n=53) and bipyridyliums and organophosphates; ventricular septal defects (n=93) and avermectins and pyrethroids; and atrial septal defects (n=132) and dichlorphenoxy acid or esters, organophosphates, organotins, and pyrethroids. No AORs met both of these criteria for d-transposition of the great arteries (n=58) or heterotaxia (n=53).RESULTS38% of cases and controls were classified as exposed to pesticides within a 500 m radius of mother's address during a 3-month periconceptional window. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% CIs excluding 1.0 were observed for 18 comparisons; all were >1 and ranged from 1.9 to 7.1. They included tetralogy of Fallot (n=101 cases) and neonicotinoids; hypoplastic left heart syndrome (n=59) and strobins; coarctation of the aorta (n=74) and pyridazinones; pulmonary valve stenosis (n=53) and bipyridyliums and organophosphates; ventricular septal defects (n=93) and avermectins and pyrethroids; and atrial septal defects (n=132) and dichlorphenoxy acid or esters, organophosphates, organotins, and pyrethroids. No AORs met both of these criteria for d-transposition of the great arteries (n=58) or heterotaxia (n=53).Most pesticides were not associated with increased risk of specific heart defect phenotypes. For the few that were associated, results should be interpreted with caution until replicated in other study populations.CONCLUSIONSMost pesticides were not associated with increased risk of specific heart defect phenotypes. For the few that were associated, results should be interpreted with caution until replicated in other study populations. Pesticide exposures are ubiquitous and of substantial public concern. We examined the potential association of congenital heart defects with residential proximity to commercial agricultural pesticide applications in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Study subjects included 569 heart defect cases and 785 non-malformed controls born from 1997 to 2006 whose mothers participated in a population-based case-control study. Associations with any versus no exposure to physicochemical groups of pesticides and specific chemicals were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for relevant covariates, for 8 heart defect phenotypes that included ≥50 cases and pesticide exposures with ≥5 exposed cases and controls, which resulted in 235 comparisons. 38% of cases and controls were classified as exposed to pesticides within a 500m radius of mother׳s address during a 3-month periconceptional window. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% CIs excluding 1.0 were observed for 18 comparisons; all were >1 and ranged from 1.9 to 7.1. They included tetralogy of Fallot (n=101 cases) and neonicotinoids; hypoplastic left heart syndrome (n=59) and strobins; coarctation of the aorta (n=74) and pyridazinones; pulmonary valve stenosis (n=53) and bipyridyliums and organophosphates; ventricular septal defects (n=93) and avermectins and pyrethroids; and atrial septal defects (n=132) and dichlorphenoxy acid or esters, organophosphates, organotins, and pyrethroids. No AORs met both of these criteria for d-transposition of the great arteries (n=58) or heterotaxia (n=53). Most pesticides were not associated with increased risk of specific heart defect phenotypes. For the few that were associated, results should be interpreted with caution until replicated in other study populations. •We examined specific heart defect phenotypes and specific pesticides.•Pesticides were applied within a 500m radius of 38% of women׳s homes.•Most pesticides were not associated with risk of heart defects.•Several pesticides were associated with increased risk of specific heart defects.•Replication studies should be conducted for these pesticides. Pesticide exposures are ubiquitous and of substantial public concern. We examined the potential association of congenital heart defects with residential proximity to commercial agricultural pesticide applications in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Study subjects included 569 heart defect cases and 785 non-malformed controls born from 1997 to 2006 whose mothers participated in a population-based case-control study. Associations with any versus no exposure to physicochemical groups of pesticides and specific chemicals were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for relevant covariates, for 8 heart defect phenotypes that included ≥ 50 cases and pesticide exposures with ≥ 5 exposed cases and controls, which resulted in 235 comparisons. 38% of cases and controls were classified as exposed to pesticides within a 500 m radius of mother's address during a 3-month periconceptional window. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% CIs excluding 1.0 were observed for 18 comparisons; all were >1 and ranged from 1.9 to 7.1. They included tetralogy of Fallot (n=101 cases) and neonicotinoids; hypoplastic left heart syndrome (n=59) and strobins; coarctation of the aorta (n=74) and pyridazinones; pulmonary valve stenosis (n=53) and bipyridyliums and organophosphates; ventricular septal defects (n=93) and avermectins and pyrethroids; and atrial septal defects (n=132) and dichlorphenoxy acid or esters, organophosphates, organotins, and pyrethroids. No AORs met both of these criteria for d-transposition of the great arteries (n=58) or heterotaxia (n=53). Most pesticides were not associated with increased risk of specific heart defect phenotypes. For the few that were associated, results should be interpreted with caution until replicated in other study populations. Background Pesticide exposures are ubiquitous and of substantial public concern. We examined the potential association of congenital heart defects with residential proximity to commercial agricultural pesticide applications in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Methods Study subjects included 569 heart defect cases and 785 non-malformed controls born from 1997 to 2006 whose mothers participated in a population-based case-control study. Associations with any versus no exposure to physicochemical groups of pesticides and specific chemicals were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for relevant covariates, for 8 heart defect phenotypes that included greater than or equal to 50 cases and pesticide exposures with greater than or equal to 5 exposed cases and controls, which resulted in 235 comparisons. Results 38% of cases and controls were classified as exposed to pesticides within a 500m radius of mother's address during a 3-month periconceptional window. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% CIs excluding 1.0 were observed for 18 comparisons; all were >1 and ranged from 1.9 to 7.1. They included tetralogy of Fallot (n=101 cases) and neonicotinoids; hypoplastic left heart syndrome (n=59) and strobins; coarctation of the aorta (n=74) and pyridazinones; pulmonary valve stenosis (n=53) and bipyridyliums and organophosphates; ventricular septal defects (n=93) and avermectins and pyrethroids; and atrial septal defects (n=132) and dichlorphenoxy acid or esters, organophosphates, organotins, and pyrethroids. No AORs met both of these criteria for d-transposition of the great arteries (n=58) or heterotaxia (n=53). Conclusions Most pesticides were not associated with increased risk of specific heart defect phenotypes. For the few that were associated, results should be interpreted with caution until replicated in other study populations. Pesticide exposures are ubiquitous and of substantial public concern. We examined the potential association of congenital heart defects with residential proximity to commercial agricultural pesticide applications in the San Joaquin Valley, California.Study subjects included 569 heart defect cases and 785 non-malformed controls born from 1997 to 2006 whose mothers participated in a population-based case-control study. Associations with any versus no exposure to physicochemical groups of pesticides and specific chemicals were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for relevant covariates, for 8 heart defect phenotypes that included ≥50 cases and pesticide exposures with ≥5 exposed cases and controls, which resulted in 235 comparisons.38% of cases and controls were classified as exposed to pesticides within a 500m radius of mother׳s address during a 3-month periconceptional window. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% CIs excluding 1.0 were observed for 18 comparisons; all were >1 and ranged from 1.9 to 7.1. They included tetralogy of Fallot (n=101 cases) and neonicotinoids; hypoplastic left heart syndrome (n=59) and strobins; coarctation of the aorta (n=74) and pyridazinones; pulmonary valve stenosis (n=53) and bipyridyliums and organophosphates; ventricular septal defects (n=93) and avermectins and pyrethroids; and atrial septal defects (n=132) and dichlorphenoxy acid or esters, organophosphates, organotins, and pyrethroids. No AORs met both of these criteria for d-transposition of the great arteries (n=58) or heterotaxia (n=53).Most pesticides were not associated with increased risk of specific heart defect phenotypes. For the few that were associated, results should be interpreted with caution until replicated in other study populations. |
| Author | Carmichael, Suzan L. Roberts, Eric Padula, Amy M. Shaw, Gary M. Lammer, Edward J. English, Paul B. Yang, Wei Kegley, Susan E. |
| AuthorAffiliation | b Public Health Institute, Oakland, CA, USA c Pesticide Research Institute, Berkeley, CA 94708, USA d California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA e Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: b Public Health Institute, Oakland, CA, USA – name: a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA – name: e Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA – name: c Pesticide Research Institute, Berkeley, CA 94708, USA – name: d California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Suzan L. surname: Carmichael fullname: Carmichael, Suzan L. email: scarmichael@stanford.edu organization: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Wei surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Wei organization: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Eric surname: Roberts fullname: Roberts, Eric organization: Public Health Institute, Oakland, CA, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Susan E. surname: Kegley fullname: Kegley, Susan E. organization: Pesticide Research Institute, Berkeley, CA 94708, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Amy M. surname: Padula fullname: Padula, Amy M. organization: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Paul B. surname: English fullname: English, Paul B. organization: California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Edward J. surname: Lammer fullname: Lammer, Edward J. organization: Children׳s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Gary M. surname: Shaw fullname: Shaw, Gary M. organization: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA |
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| Snippet | Pesticide exposures are ubiquitous and of substantial public concern. We examined the potential association of congenital heart defects with residential... Background Pesticide exposures are ubiquitous and of substantial public concern. We examined the potential association of congenital heart defects with... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Agricultural chemicals Agriculture aorta avermectins Biological and medical sciences Birth defects California California - epidemiology Cardiology. Vascular system case-control studies Congenital heart diseases. Malformations of the aorta, pulmonary vessels and vena cava Control equipment Defects Embryology: invertebrates and vertebrates. Teratology Endocrine disruptors Environment Environmental Exposure - adverse effects Environmental Exposure - statistics & numerical data Exposure Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Heart Heart Defects, Congenital - epidemiology Humans Infant, Newborn Logistic Models Maternal Exposure - adverse effects Maternal Exposure - statistics & numerical data Medical sciences mothers neonicotinoid insecticides Odds Ratio organophosphorus compounds pesticide application Pesticides Pesticides - adverse effects Pesticides, fertilizers and other agrochemicals toxicology phenotype Pregnancy progeny pyrethrins regression analysis Risk Teratology. Teratogens Toxicology transposition (genetics) Valleys |
| Title | Residential agricultural pesticide exposures and risk of selected congenital heart defects among offspring in the San Joaquin Valley of California |
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