Phagocytosis checkpoints as new targets for cancer immunotherapy

Cancer immunotherapies targeting adaptive immune checkpoints have substantially improved patient outcomes across multiple metastatic and treatment-refractory cancer types. However, emerging studies have demonstrated that innate immune checkpoints, which interfere with the detection and clearance of...

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Published in	Nature reviews. Cancer Vol. 19; no. 10; pp. 568 - 586
Main Authors	Feng, Mingye, Jiang, Wen, Kim, Betty Y. S., Zhang, Cheng Cheng, Fu, Yang-Xin, Weissman, Irving L.
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.10.2019 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects	631/67/580 631/80/313/1727 692/420/2780/262 692/699/67/1059/2325 Adaptive Immunity Animals Antimitotic agents Antineoplastic agents Apoptosis Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Cancer Cancer immunotherapy Cancer Research CD47 Antigen - metabolism Humans Immune checkpoint Immune clearance Immune response Immunity, Innate Immunosurveillance Immunotherapy Immunotherapy - methods Licensing, certification and accreditation Lymphocytes - cytology Macrophages Metastases Mice Neoplasm Metastasis Neoplasms - immunology Neoplasms - metabolism Neoplasms - therapy Phagocytes Phagocytosis Review Article SHPS-1 protein Signal Transduction Tumor Escape Tumors United States
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Abstract	Cancer immunotherapies targeting adaptive immune checkpoints have substantially improved patient outcomes across multiple metastatic and treatment-refractory cancer types. However, emerging studies have demonstrated that innate immune checkpoints, which interfere with the detection and clearance of malignant cells through phagocytosis and suppress innate immune sensing, also have a key role in tumour-mediated immune escape and might, therefore, be potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Indeed, preclinical studies and early clinical data have established the promise of targeting phagocytosis checkpoints, such as the CD47–signal-regulatory protein α (SIRPα) axis, either alone or in combination with other cancer therapies. In this Review, we highlight the current understanding of how cancer cells evade the immune system by disrupting phagocytic clearance and the effect of phagocytosis checkpoint blockade on induction of antitumour immune responses. Given the role of innate immune cells in priming adaptive immune responses, an improved understanding of the tumour-intrinsic processes that inhibit essential immune surveillance processes, such as phagocytosis and innate immune sensing, could pave the way for the development of highly effective combination immunotherapy strategies that modulate both innate and adaptive antitumour immune responses. Innate immune checkpoints, including those regulating tumour detection and phagocytosis, have emerged as potential cancer immunotherapy targets. This Review discusses the role of phagocytosis checkpoints in cancer immune evasion, highlighting the preclinical and early clinical evidence supporting phagocytosis checkpoint blockade.
AbstractList	Cancer immunotherapies targeting adaptive immune checkpoints have substantially improved patient outcomes across multiple metastatic and treatment-refractory cancer types. However, emerging studies have demonstrated that innate immune checkpoints, which interfere with the detection and clearance of malignant cells through phagocytosis and suppress innate immune sensing, also have a key role in tumour-mediated immune escape and might, therefore, be potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Indeed, preclinical studies and early clinical data have established the promise of targeting phagocytosis checkpoints, such as the CD47-signal-regulatory protein [alpha] (SIRP[alpha]) axis, either alone or in combination with other cancer therapies. In this Review, we highlight the current understanding of how cancer cells evade the immune system by disrupting phagocytic clearance and the effect of phagocytosis checkpoint blockade on induction of antitumour immune responses. Given the role of innate immune cells in priming adaptive immune responses, an improved understanding of the tumour-intrinsic processes that inhibit essential immune surveillance processes, such as phagocytosis and innate immune sensing, could pave the way for the development of highly effective combination immunotherapy strategies that modulate both innate and adaptive antitumour immune responses. Innate immune checkpoints, including those regulating tumour detection and phagocytosis, have emerged as potential cancer immunotherapy targets. This Review discusses the role of phagocytosis checkpoints in cancer immune evasion, highlighting the preclinical and early clinical evidence supporting phagocytosis checkpoint blockade. Cancer immunotherapies targeting adaptive immune checkpoints have substantially improved patient outcomes across multiple metastatic and treatment-refractory cancer types. However, emerging studies have demonstrated that innate immune checkpoints, which interfere with the detection and clearance of malignant cells through phagocytosis and suppress innate immune sensing, also have a key role in tumour-mediated immune escape and might, therefore, be potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Indeed, preclinical studies and early clinical data have established the promise of targeting phagocytosis checkpoints, such as the CD47–signal-regulatory protein α (SIRPα) axis, either alone or in combination with other cancer therapies. In this Review, we highlight the current understanding of how cancer cells evade the immune system by disrupting phagocytic clearance and the effect of phagocytosis checkpoint blockade on induction of antitumour immune responses. Given the role of innate immune cells in priming adaptive immune responses, an improved understanding of the tumour-intrinsic processes that inhibit essential immune surveillance processes, such as phagocytosis and innate immune sensing, could pave the way for the development of highly effective combination immunotherapy strategies that modulate both innate and adaptive antitumour immune responses. Cancer immunotherapies targeting adaptive immune checkpoints have substantially improved patient outcomes across multiple metastatic and treatment-refractory cancer types. However, emerging studies have demonstrated that innate immune checkpoints, which interfere with the detection and clearance of malignant cells through phagocytosis and suppress innate immune sensing, also have a key role in tumour-mediated immune escape and might, therefore, be potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Indeed, preclinical studies and early clinical data have established the promise of targeting phagocytosis checkpoints, such as the CD47-signal-regulatory protein [alpha] (SIRP[alpha]) axis, either alone or in combination with other cancer therapies. In this Review, we highlight the current understanding of how cancer cells evade the immune system by disrupting phagocytic clearance and the effect of phagocytosis checkpoint blockade on induction of antitumour immune responses. Given the role of innate immune cells in priming adaptive immune responses, an improved understanding of the tumour-intrinsic processes that inhibit essential immune surveillance processes, such as phagocytosis and innate immune sensing, could pave the way for the development of highly effective combination immunotherapy strategies that modulate both innate and adaptive antitumour immune responses. Cancer immunotherapies that target adaptive immune checkpoints have significantly improved patient outcomes for multiple metastatic and treatment-refractory cancers. Recent studies, however, have demonstrated that innate immune checkpoints, which interfere with the detection and clearance of malignant cells and suppress innate sensing, also play a critical role in tumour-mediated immune escape and may be potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of how cancer cells evade the immune system by disrupting phagocytic clearance and the implications of phagocytosis checkpoint blockade on the activation of antitumour immune responses. A better understanding of the tumour-intrinsic processes that inhibit essential immune surveillance processes such as phagocytosis and innate sensing could pave the way for developing more effective combination immunotherapy strategies that incorporate both innate and adaptive immune responses to treat patients with cancer. Cancer immunotherapies targeting adaptive immune checkpoints have substantially improved patient outcomes across multiple metastatic and treatment-refractory cancer types. However, emerging studies have demonstrated that innate immune checkpoints, which interfere with the detection and clearance of malignant cells through phagocytosis and suppress innate immune sensing, also have a key role in tumour-mediated immune escape and might, therefore, be potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Indeed, preclinical studies and early clinical data have established the promise of targeting phagocytosis checkpoints, such as the CD47–signal-regulatory protein α (SIRPα) axis, either alone or in combination with other cancer therapies. In this Review, we highlight the current understanding of how cancer cells evade the immune system by disrupting phagocytic clearance and the effect of phagocytosis checkpoint blockade on induction of antitumour immune responses. Given the role of innate immune cells in priming adaptive immune responses, an improved understanding of the tumour-intrinsic processes that inhibit essential immune surveillance processes, such as phagocytosis and innate immune sensing, could pave the way for the development of highly effective combination immunotherapy strategies that modulate both innate and adaptive antitumour immune responses. Innate immune checkpoints, including those regulating tumour detection and phagocytosis, have emerged as potential cancer immunotherapy targets. This Review discusses the role of phagocytosis checkpoints in cancer immune evasion, highlighting the preclinical and early clinical evidence supporting phagocytosis checkpoint blockade. Cancer immunotherapies targeting adaptive immune checkpoints have substantially improved patient outcomes across multiple metastatic and treatment-refractory cancer types. However, emerging studies have demonstrated that innate immune checkpoints, which interfere with the detection and clearance of malignant cells through phagocytosis and suppress innate immune sensing, also have a key role in tumour-mediated immune escape and might, therefore, be potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Indeed, preclinical studies and early clinical data have established the promise of targeting phagocytosis checkpoints, such as the CD47-signal-regulatory protein α (SIRPα) axis, either alone or in combination with other cancer therapies. In this Review, we highlight the current understanding of how cancer cells evade the immune system by disrupting phagocytic clearance and the effect of phagocytosis checkpoint blockade on induction of antitumour immune responses. Given the role of innate immune cells in priming adaptive immune responses, an improved understanding of the tumour-intrinsic processes that inhibit essential immune surveillance processes, such as phagocytosis and innate immune sensing, could pave the way for the development of highly effective combination immunotherapy strategies that modulate both innate and adaptive antitumour immune responses.Cancer immunotherapies targeting adaptive immune checkpoints have substantially improved patient outcomes across multiple metastatic and treatment-refractory cancer types. However, emerging studies have demonstrated that innate immune checkpoints, which interfere with the detection and clearance of malignant cells through phagocytosis and suppress innate immune sensing, also have a key role in tumour-mediated immune escape and might, therefore, be potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Indeed, preclinical studies and early clinical data have established the promise of targeting phagocytosis checkpoints, such as the CD47-signal-regulatory protein α (SIRPα) axis, either alone or in combination with other cancer therapies. In this Review, we highlight the current understanding of how cancer cells evade the immune system by disrupting phagocytic clearance and the effect of phagocytosis checkpoint blockade on induction of antitumour immune responses. Given the role of innate immune cells in priming adaptive immune responses, an improved understanding of the tumour-intrinsic processes that inhibit essential immune surveillance processes, such as phagocytosis and innate immune sensing, could pave the way for the development of highly effective combination immunotherapy strategies that modulate both innate and adaptive antitumour immune responses.
Audience	Academic
Author	Weissman, Irving L. Jiang, Wen Zhang, Cheng Cheng Fu, Yang-Xin Feng, Mingye Kim, Betty Y. S.
AuthorAffiliation	3. Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 5. Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 4. Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 6. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 1. Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 2. Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 6. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA – name: 4. Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX – name: 3. Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX – name: 5. Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX – name: 1. Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA – name: 2. Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Mingye surname: Feng fullname: Feng, Mingye email: mfeng@coh.org organization: Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Centre – sequence: 2 givenname: Wen orcidid: 0000-0001-9154-633X surname: Jiang fullname: Jiang, Wen email: wen.jiang@utsouthwestern.edu organization: Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre – sequence: 3 givenname: Betty Y. S. orcidid: 0000-0001-6890-8355 surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Betty Y. S. organization: Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre – sequence: 4 givenname: Cheng Cheng surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Cheng Cheng organization: Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre – sequence: 5 givenname: Yang-Xin orcidid: 0000-0002-4809-825X surname: Fu fullname: Fu, Yang-Xin organization: Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre – sequence: 6 givenname: Irving L. orcidid: 0000-0002-9077-7467 surname: Weissman fullname: Weissman, Irving L. organization: Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31462760$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Cancer immunotherapies targeting adaptive immune checkpoints have substantially improved patient outcomes across multiple metastatic and treatment-refractory... Cancer immunotherapies that target adaptive immune checkpoints have significantly improved patient outcomes for multiple metastatic and treatment-refractory...
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SubjectTerms	631/67/580 631/80/313/1727 692/420/2780/262 692/699/67/1059/2325 Adaptive Immunity Animals Antimitotic agents Antineoplastic agents Apoptosis Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Cancer Cancer immunotherapy Cancer Research CD47 Antigen - metabolism Humans Immune checkpoint Immune clearance Immune response Immunity, Innate Immunosurveillance Immunotherapy Immunotherapy - methods Licensing, certification and accreditation Lymphocytes - cytology Macrophages Metastases Mice Neoplasm Metastasis Neoplasms - immunology Neoplasms - metabolism Neoplasms - therapy Phagocytes Phagocytosis Review Article SHPS-1 protein Signal Transduction Tumor Escape Tumors
Title	Phagocytosis checkpoints as new targets for cancer immunotherapy
URI	https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41568-019-0183-z https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31462760 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2296634684 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2282503808 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7002027
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