High amylose to amylopectin ratios in nitrogen-free diets decrease the ileal endogenous amino acid losses of broiler chickens
This study explored the variation of ileal endogenous amino acid (IEAA) losses and its influencing factors in chickens offered nitrogen-free diets (NFD) containing different ratios of amylose to amylopectin (AM/AP). A total of 252 broiler chickens at 28 d old were randomly allocated into 7 treatment...
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| Published in | Animal Nutrition Vol. 14; no. 3; pp. 111 - 120 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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China
Elsevier B.V
01.09.2023
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China%Adisseo Animal Nutrition,DMCC,Dubai 00000,United Arab Emirates KeAi Publishing KeAi Communications Co., Ltd |
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| Abstract | This study explored the variation of ileal endogenous amino acid (IEAA) losses and its influencing factors in chickens offered nitrogen-free diets (NFD) containing different ratios of amylose to amylopectin (AM/AP). A total of 252 broiler chickens at 28 d old were randomly allocated into 7 treatment groups for a 3-d trial. The dietary treatments included a basal diet (control), a NFD containing corn starch (CS), and 5 NFD with AM/AP ratios of 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, and 1.00, respectively. As the AM/AP ratio increased, the IEAA losses of all AAs, starch digestibility and maltase activity linearly decreased (P < 0.05), but the DM digestibility linearly and quadratically decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, the NFD increased the number of goblet cells and its regulatory genes mucin-2 and krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF-4) while decreasing serum glucagon and thyroxine concentrations, ileal villus height, and crypt depth (P < 0.05). Additionally, NFD with lower AM/AP ratios (0.20 and 0.40) decreased the ileal microbiota species richness (P < 0.05). In all NFD groups, the number of Proteobacteria increased whereas the abundance of Firmicutes dropped (P < 0.05). However, the broilers in the AM/AP 0.60 group were closer to the digestive physiological state of chickens fed the control diet, with no significant change in maltase activity and mucin-2 expression (P < 0.05). In conclusion, increasing AM/AP ratio in a NFD decreased the IEAA losses and the apparent ileal digestibility of starch but inevitably resulted in malnutrition and disruption of gut microbiota homeostasis. This study recommends AM/AP in NFD at 0.60 to measure IEAA of broiler chickens. |
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| AbstractList | This study explored the variation of ileal endogenous amino acid (IEAA) losses and its influencing factors in chickens offered nitrogen-free diets (NFD) containing different ratios of amylose to amylopectin (AM/AP). A total of 252 broiler chickens at 28 d old were randomly allocated into 7 treatment groups for a 3-d trial. The dietary treatments included a basal diet (control), a NFD containing corn starch (CS), and 5 NFD with AM/AP ratios of 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, and 1.00, respectively. As the AM/AP ratio increased, the IEAA losses of all AAs, starch digestibility and maltase activity linearly decreased (P < 0.05), but the DM digestibility linearly and quadratically decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, the NFD increased the number of goblet cells and its regulatory genes mucin-2 and krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF-4) while decreasing serum glucagon and thyroxine concentrations, ileal villus height, and crypt depth (P < 0.05). Additionally, NFD with lower AM/AP ratios (0.20 and 0.40) decreased the ileal microbiota species richness (P < 0.05). In all NFD groups, the number of Proteobacteria increased whereas the abundance of Firmicutes dropped (P < 0.05). However, the broilers in the AM/AP 0.60 group were closer to the digestive physiological state of chickens fed the control diet, with no significant change in maltase activity and mucin-2 expression (P < 0.05). In conclusion, increasing AM/AP ratio in a NFD decreased the IEAA losses and the apparent ileal digestibility of starch but inevitably resulted in malnutrition and disruption of gut microbiota homeostasis. This study recommends AM/AP in NFD at 0.60 to measure IEAA of broiler chickens.This study explored the variation of ileal endogenous amino acid (IEAA) losses and its influencing factors in chickens offered nitrogen-free diets (NFD) containing different ratios of amylose to amylopectin (AM/AP). A total of 252 broiler chickens at 28 d old were randomly allocated into 7 treatment groups for a 3-d trial. The dietary treatments included a basal diet (control), a NFD containing corn starch (CS), and 5 NFD with AM/AP ratios of 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, and 1.00, respectively. As the AM/AP ratio increased, the IEAA losses of all AAs, starch digestibility and maltase activity linearly decreased (P < 0.05), but the DM digestibility linearly and quadratically decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, the NFD increased the number of goblet cells and its regulatory genes mucin-2 and krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF-4) while decreasing serum glucagon and thyroxine concentrations, ileal villus height, and crypt depth (P < 0.05). Additionally, NFD with lower AM/AP ratios (0.20 and 0.40) decreased the ileal microbiota species richness (P < 0.05). In all NFD groups, the number of Proteobacteria increased whereas the abundance of Firmicutes dropped (P < 0.05). However, the broilers in the AM/AP 0.60 group were closer to the digestive physiological state of chickens fed the control diet, with no significant change in maltase activity and mucin-2 expression (P < 0.05). In conclusion, increasing AM/AP ratio in a NFD decreased the IEAA losses and the apparent ileal digestibility of starch but inevitably resulted in malnutrition and disruption of gut microbiota homeostasis. This study recommends AM/AP in NFD at 0.60 to measure IEAA of broiler chickens. This study explored the variation of ileal endogenous amino acid (IEAA) losses and its influencing factors in chickens offered nitrogen-free diets (NFD) containing different ratios of amylose to amylopectin (AM/AP). A total of 252 broiler chickens at 28 d old were randomly allocated into 7 treatment groups for a 3-d trial. The dietary treatments included a basal diet (control), a NFD containing corn starch (CS), and 5 NFD with AM/AP ratios of 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, and 1.00, respectively. As the AM/AP ratio increased, the IEAA losses of all AAs, starch digestibility and maltase activity linearly decreased ( P < 0.05), but the DM digestibility linearly and quadratically decreased ( P < 0.05). Compared with the control, the NFD increased the number of goblet cells and its regulatory genes mucin-2 and krüppel-like factor 4 ( KLF-4 ) while decreasing serum glucagon and thyroxine concentrations, ileal villus height, and crypt depth ( P < 0.05). Additionally, NFD with lower AM/AP ratios (0.20 and 0.40) decreased the ileal microbiota species richness ( P < 0.05). In all NFD groups, the number of Proteobacteria increased whereas the abundance of Firmicutes dropped ( P < 0.05). However, the broilers in the AM/AP 0.60 group were closer to the digestive physiological state of chickens fed the control diet, with no significant change in maltase activity and mucin-2 expression ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, increasing AM/AP ratio in a NFD decreased the IEAA losses and the apparent ileal digestibility of starch but inevitably resulted in malnutrition and disruption of gut microbiota homeostasis. This study recommends AM/AP in NFD at 0.60 to measure IEAA of broiler chickens. This study explored the variation of ileal endogenous amino acid (IEAA) losses and its influencing factors in chickens offered nitrogen-free diets (NFD) containing different ratios of amylose to amylopectin (AM/AP). A total of 252 broiler chickens at 28 d old were randomly allocated into 7 treatment groups for a 3-d trial. The dietary treatments included a basal diet (control), a NFD containing corn starch (CS), and 5 NFD with AM/AP ratios of 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, and 1.00, respectively. As the AM/AP ratio increased, the IEAA losses of all AAs, starch digestibility and maltase activity linearly decreased (P < 0.05), but the DM digestibility linearly and quadratically decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, the NFD increased the number of goblet cells and its regulatory genes mucin-2 and krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF-4) while decreasing serum glucagon and thyroxine concentrations, ileal villus height, and crypt depth (P < 0.05). Additionally, NFD with lower AM/AP ratios (0.20 and 0.40) decreased the ileal microbiota species richness (P < 0.05). In all NFD groups, the number of Proteobacteria increased whereas the abundance of Firmicutes dropped (P < 0.05). However, the broilers in the AM/AP 0.60 group were closer to the digestive physiological state of chickens fed the control diet, with no significant change in maltase activity and mucin-2 expression (P < 0.05). In conclusion, increasing AM/AP ratio in a NFD decreased the IEAA losses and the apparent ileal digestibility of starch but inevitably resulted in malnutrition and disruption of gut microbiota homeostasis. This study recommends AM/AP in NFD at 0.60 to measure IEAA of broiler chickens. This study explored the variation of ileal endogenous amino acid (IEAA) losses and its influencing factors in chickens offered nitrogen-free diets (NFD) containing different ratios of amylose to amylopectin (AM/AP). A total of 252 broiler chickens at 28 d old were randomly allocated into 7 treatment groups for a 3-d trial. The dietary treatments included a basal diet (control), a NFD containing corn starch (CS), and 5 NFD with AM/AP ratios of 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, and 1.00, respectively. As the AM/AP ratio increased, the IEAA losses of all AAs, starch digestibility and maltase activity linearly decreased ( < 0.05), but the DM digestibility linearly and quadratically decreased ( < 0.05). Compared with the control, the NFD increased the number of goblet cells and its regulatory genes mucin-2 and krüppel-like factor 4 ( ) while decreasing serum glucagon and thyroxine concentrations, ileal villus height, and crypt depth ( < 0.05). Additionally, NFD with lower AM/AP ratios (0.20 and 0.40) decreased the ileal microbiota species richness ( < 0.05). In all NFD groups, the number of Proteobacteria increased whereas the abundance of Firmicutes dropped ( < 0.05). However, the broilers in the AM/AP 0.60 group were closer to the digestive physiological state of chickens fed the control diet, with no significant change in maltase activity and mucin-2 expression ( < 0.05). In conclusion, increasing AM/AP ratio in a NFD decreased the IEAA losses and the apparent ileal digestibility of starch but inevitably resulted in malnutrition and disruption of gut microbiota homeostasis. This study recommends AM/AP in NFD at 0.60 to measure IEAA of broiler chickens. This study explored the variation of ileal endogenous amino acid (IEAA) losses and its influencing factors in chickens offered nitrogen-free diets (NFD) containing different ratios of amylose to amylopectin (AM/AP). A total of 252 broiler chickens at 28 d old were randomly allocated into 7 treatment groups for a 3-d trial. The dietary treatments included a basal diet (control), a NFD containing corn starch (CS), and 5 NFD with AM/AP ratios of 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, and 1.00, respectively. As the AM/AP ratio increased, the IEAA losses of all AAs, starch digestibility and maltase activity linearly decreased (P < 0.05), but the DM digestibility linearly and quadratically decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, the NFD increased the number of goblet cells and its regulatory genes mucin-2 and krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF-4) while decreasing serum glucagon and thyroxine concentrations, ileal villus height, and crypt depth (P < 0.05). Additionally, NFD with lower AM/AP ratios (0.20 and 0.40) decreased the ileal microbiota species richness (P < 0.05). In all NFD groups, the number of Proteobacteria increased whereas the abundance of Firmicutes dropped (P < 0.05). However, the broilers in the AM/AP 0.60 group were closer to the digestive physiological state of chickens fed the control diet, with no significant change in maltase activity and mucin-2 expression (P < 0.05). In conclusion, increasing AM/AP ratio in a NFD decreased the IEAA losses and the apparent ileal digestibility of starch but inevitably resulted in malnutrition and disruption of gut microbiota homeostasis. This study recommends AM/AP in NFD at 0.60 to measure IEAA of broiler chickens. This study explored the variation of ileal endogenous amino acid(IEAA)losses and its influencing factors in chickens offered nitrogen-free diets(NFD)containing different ratios of amylose to amylopectin(AM/AP).A total of 252 broiler chickens at 28 d old were randomly allocated into 7 treatment groups for a 3-d trial.The dietary treatments included a basal diet(control),a NFD containing corn starch(CS),and 5 NFD with AM/AP ratios of 0.20,0.40,0.60,0.80,and 1.00,respectively.As the AM/AP ratio increased,the IEAA losses of all AAs,starch digestibility and maltase activity linearly decreased(P＜0.05),but the DM digestibility linearly and quadratically decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the control,the NFD increased the number of goblet cells and its regulatory genes mucin-2 and krüppel-like factor 4(KLF-4)while decreasing serum glucagon and thyroxine concentrations,ileal villus height,and crypt depth(P＜0.05).Additionally,NFD with lower AM/AP ratios(0.20 and 0.40)decreased the ileal microbiota species richness(P＜0.05).In all NFD groups,the number of Proteobacteria increased whereas the abundance of Firmicutes dropped(P＜0.05).However,the broilers in the AM/AP 0.60 group were closer to the digestive physiological state of chickens fed the control diet,with no significant change in maltase activity and mucin-2 expression(P＜0.05).In conclusion,increasing AM/AP ratio in a NFD decreased the IEAA losses and the apparent ileal digestibility of starch but inevitably resulted in malnutrition and disruption of gut microbiota homeostasis.This study recommends AM/AP in NFD at 0.60 to measure IEAA of broiler chickens. |
| Author | Wu, Wei Yuan, Jianmin Zhou, Huajin Yu, Yao Chen, Yanhong Mahmood, Tahir |
| AuthorAffiliation | State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China%Adisseo Animal Nutrition,DMCC,Dubai 00000,United Arab Emirates |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China%Adisseo Animal Nutrition,DMCC,Dubai 00000,United Arab Emirates |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Huajin surname: Zhou fullname: Zhou, Huajin organization: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Tahir orcidid: 0000-0002-2367-074X surname: Mahmood fullname: Mahmood, Tahir organization: Adisseo Animal Nutrition, DMCC, Dubai 00000, United Arab Emirates – sequence: 3 givenname: Wei orcidid: 0000-0001-8160-4030 surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Wei organization: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Yanhong surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Yanhong organization: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Yao surname: Yu fullname: Yu, Yao organization: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Jianmin surname: Yuan fullname: Yuan, Jianmin email: yuanjm@cau.edu.cn organization: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37388164$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | Nitrogen-free diet Broiler chicken Amylose Goblet cells Amylopectin Endogenous amino acid losses |
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| Snippet | This study explored the variation of ileal endogenous amino acid (IEAA) losses and its influencing factors in chickens offered nitrogen-free diets (NFD)... This study explored the variation of ileal endogenous amino acid(IEAA)losses and its influencing factors in chickens offered nitrogen-free diets(NFD)containing... |
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| SubjectTerms | alpha-glucosidase Amylopectin Amylose animal nutrition blood serum Broiler chicken corn starch diet digestibility digestible carbohydrates Endogenous amino acid losses Firmicutes glucagon Goblet cells homeostasis ileum intestinal microorganisms malnutrition Nitrogen-free diet Original physiological state Proteobacteria species richness thyroxine villi |
| Title | High amylose to amylopectin ratios in nitrogen-free diets decrease the ileal endogenous amino acid losses of broiler chickens |
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