From Guard to Decoy: A New Model for Perception of Plant Pathogen Effectors

The Guard Model for disease resistance postulates that plant resistance proteins act by monitoring (guarding) the target of their corresponding pathogen effector. We posit, however, that guarded effector targets are evolutionarily unstable in plant populations polymorphic for resistance (R) genes. D...

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Published inThe Plant cell Vol. 20; no. 8; pp. 2009 - 2017
Main Authors van der Hoorn, Renier A.L, Kamoun, Sophien
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Society of Plant Biologists 01.08.2008
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Abstract The Guard Model for disease resistance postulates that plant resistance proteins act by monitoring (guarding) the target of their corresponding pathogen effector. We posit, however, that guarded effector targets are evolutionarily unstable in plant populations polymorphic for resistance (R) genes. Depending on the absence or presence of the R gene, guarded effector targets are subject to opposing selection forces (1) to evade manipulation by effectors (weaker interaction) and (2) to improve perception of effectors (stronger interaction). Duplication of the effector target gene or independent evolution of a target mimic could relax evolutionary constraints and result in a decoy that would be solely involved in effector perception. There is growing support for this Decoy Model from four diverse cases of effector perception involving Pto, Bs3, RCR3, and RIN4. We discuss the differences between the Guard and Decoy Models and their variants, hypothesize how decoys might have evolved, and suggest ways to challenge the Decoy Model.
AbstractList The Guard Model for disease resistance postulates that plant resistance proteins act by monitoring (guarding) the target of their corresponding pathogen effector. We posit, however, that guarded effector targets are evolutionarily unstable in plant populations polymorphic for resistance (R) genes. Depending on the absence or presence of the R gene, guarded effector targets are subject to opposing selection forces (1) to evade manipulation by effectors (weaker interaction) and (2) to improve perception of effectors (stronger interaction). Duplication of the effector target gene or independent evolution of a target mimic could relax evolutionary constraints and result in a decoy that would be solely involved in effector perception. There is growing support for this Decoy Model from four diverse cases of effector perception involving Pto, Bs3, RCR3, and RIN4. We discuss the differences between the Guard and Decoy Models and their variants, hypothesize how decoys might have evolved, and suggest ways to challenge the Decoy Model.
The Guard Model for disease resistance postulates that plant resistance proteins act by monitoring (guarding) the target of their corresponding pathogen effector. We posit, however, that guarded effector targets are evolutionarily unstable in plant populations polymorphic for resistance (R) genes. Depending on the absence or presence of the R gene, guarded effector targets are subject to opposing selection forces (1) to evade manipulation by effectors (weaker interaction) and (2) to improve perception of effectors (stronger interaction). Duplication of the effector target gene or independent evolution of a target mimic could relax evolutionary constraints and result in a decoy that would be solely involved in effector perception. There is growing support for this Decoy Model from four diverse cases of effector perception involving Pto, Bs3, RCR3, and RIN4. We discuss the differences between the Guard and Decoy Models and their variants, hypothesize how decoys might have evolved, and suggest ways to challenge the Decoy Model.The Guard Model for disease resistance postulates that plant resistance proteins act by monitoring (guarding) the target of their corresponding pathogen effector. We posit, however, that guarded effector targets are evolutionarily unstable in plant populations polymorphic for resistance (R) genes. Depending on the absence or presence of the R gene, guarded effector targets are subject to opposing selection forces (1) to evade manipulation by effectors (weaker interaction) and (2) to improve perception of effectors (stronger interaction). Duplication of the effector target gene or independent evolution of a target mimic could relax evolutionary constraints and result in a decoy that would be solely involved in effector perception. There is growing support for this Decoy Model from four diverse cases of effector perception involving Pto, Bs3, RCR3, and RIN4. We discuss the differences between the Guard and Decoy Models and their variants, hypothesize how decoys might have evolved, and suggest ways to challenge the Decoy Model.
The Guard Model for disease resistance postulates that plant resistance proteins act by monitoring (guarding) the target of their corresponding pathogen effector. We posit, however, that guarded effector targets are evolutionarily unstable in plant populations polymorphic for resistance ( R ) genes. Depending on the absence or presence of the R gene, guarded effector targets are subject to opposing selection forces (1) to evade manipulation by effectors (weaker interaction) and (2) to improve perception of effectors (stronger interaction). Duplication of the effector target gene or independent evolution of a target mimic could relax evolutionary constraints and result in a decoy that would be solely involved in effector perception. There is growing support for this Decoy Model from four diverse cases of effector perception involving Pto, Bs3, RCR3, and RIN4. We discuss the differences between the Guard and Decoy Models and their variants, hypothesize how decoys might have evolved, and suggest ways to challenge the Decoy Model.
Author Kamoun, Sophien
van der Hoorn, Renier A.L
AuthorAffiliation a Plant Chemetics Lab, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
b Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: b Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
– name: a Plant Chemetics Lab, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  fullname: van der Hoorn, Renier A.L
– sequence: 2
  fullname: Kamoun, Sophien
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18723576$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet The Guard Model for disease resistance postulates that plant resistance proteins act by monitoring (guarding) the target of their corresponding pathogen...
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SubjectTerms Arabidopsis Proteins
Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics
Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism
Arabidopsis Proteins - physiology
Carrier Proteins
Carrier Proteins - genetics
Carrier Proteins - metabolism
Carrier Proteins - physiology
Cladosporium
Cladosporium - physiology
disease models
Disease resistance
Evolution
genes
genetics
Host-Pathogen Interactions
metabolism
microbiology
Mimicry
Models, Biological
Pathogens
Perception
Perspective
physiology
Plant cells
Plant Diseases
Plant Diseases - genetics
Plant Diseases - microbiology
Plant immunity
Plant pathogens
Plant populations
plant proteins
Plant Proteins - genetics
Plant Proteins - metabolism
Plant Proteins - physiology
Plant resistance
Protein Binding
Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - genetics
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - metabolism
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases - physiology
Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringae - physiology
Receptors
Virulence
Xanthomonas campestris
Xanthomonas campestris - physiology
Title From Guard to Decoy: A New Model for Perception of Plant Pathogen Effectors
URI https://www.jstor.org/stable/25224310
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18723576
https://www.proquest.com/docview/218790931
https://www.proquest.com/docview/48101790
https://www.proquest.com/docview/69616230
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC2553620
Volume 20
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